Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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occurs during germination should reflect the degree of malt modification and seed germination and the fact that OC measures every molecule that becomes soluble during germination. In contrast, malt extract (ME) is based only on the mass of material in solution, which determines specific gravity. This difference between OC and ME means that, for example, the contribution of one maltopentaose to ME values will be ~five times greater than the contribution of one molecule of glucose whereas in the OC assay each molecule in solution contributes an equal amount to the OC value. Hence, the OC assay should more completely quantify the production of solutes as modification increases during malting than do measures of ME. Our studies have shown that OC values correlate positively and significantly with ME values for the first 5 days of malting. Interestingly, malt OC values increased with days of germination for about 24 hours longer than did ME values, suggesting that the OC assay reflects the production of additional solutes not detected in the ME measurements. OC values of malt at 2 and 3 days of germination correlate positively and significantly with ME values of malts from days 4 - 6 of germination indicating that OC values from early stages of malting may be good predictors of the quality of malts produced from typical malting schedules. Further studies indicated that green malt OC values correlated earlier and better than finished malt measurements than did finished malt OC values. Further studies have shown that the thermostabilities of malt α-amylase, α-glucosidase, β-amylase, and limit dextrinase were positively and significantly correlated with OC, suggesting that malt quality is related to the integrity of the complement of enzymes responsible for starch degradation. OC values of barley seeds were found to positively and significantly correlate with pearling values indicating that OC may be a non-subjective and quantitative indicator of pre-harvest germination. This may be of particular value to breeders and researchers with limited quantities of seed to analyze as the OC measure can reproducibly be made on less than 10 seeds. Current Project Personnel Federal State 124
Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe Dietrich, technician Joel Phillips, technician Mariah Peronto, undergraduate Recent Publications Yoshio Tanaka, postdoctoral associate Marcus Vinje, graduate student 125 Muslin, E.H., Clark, S.E., Henson, C.A. The effect of proline insertions on the thermostability of a barley ∀-glucosidase. Protein Engineering. 15:29-33. 2002. Muslin, E.H., Karpelenia, C.B., Henson, C.A. The impact of thermostable ∀-glucosidase on the production of fermentable sugars during mashing. J. Amer. Soc. Brew. Chem. 61:142- 145. 2003. Clark, S.E., Hayes, P.M., Henson, C.A. Effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms in ∃amylase1 alleles from barley on functional properties of the enzymes. Plant Physiol. and Biochem. 41:798-804. 2003. Clark, S.E., Muslin, E.H., Henson, C.A. Effect of adding and removing N-glycosylation recognition sites on the thermostability of barley ∀-glucosidase. Protein Engineering, Design & Selection. 17:245-249. 2004. Havey, M.J., Galmari, C.R., Gokce, A.F., Henson, C. QTL affecting soluble carbohyrate concentrations in stored onion bulbs and their association with flavor and healthenhancing attributes. Genome. 47:463-468. 2004. Schwarz, P., Henson, C., Horsley, R., McNamara, H. Pre-harvest sprouting in the 2002 Midwestern barley crop: occurrence and assessment of methodology. J. Amer. Soc. Brew. Chem. 62:147-154. 2004 Clark, S.C., Hayes, P.M., Henson, C.A. Characterization of barley tissue-ubiquitous β-amylase and the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms on enzyme thermostability. Crop Sci. 45:1868-1876. 2005. Henson, C.A., Duke, S.H. Osmolyte concentration as an indicator of malt quality. J. Amer. Soc. Brew. Chem. 65: 59-62. 2007. Henson, C.A., Duke, S.H., Schwarz, P., Horsley, R. Barley seed osmolyte concentration as an indicator of preharvest sprouting. J. Amer. Soc. Brew. Chem. 65:in press. 2007. Duke, S.H., Henson, C.A. Green malt osmolyte concentration as an early indicator of finished malt quality. J. Amer. Soc. Brew. Chem. 65:in press. 2007 Henson, C.A., Duke, S.H. A comparison of standard and nonstandard measures of malt quality. J. Amer. Soc. Brew. Chem. 65:accepted for publication 2007
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
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USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
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Spring Regional over two years at D
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Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
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environments was practiced, 2) elit
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Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
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Other Barley Research: Feed Program
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Executive Summary AMBA Prog
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Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
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Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
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EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
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have evaluated a PCR based marker,
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Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
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small grains pathology input to thi
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Project Personnel Small Grains Path
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Investigations on Barley Diseases a
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Minnesota barley disease survey and
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pathotypes at the seedling stage in
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germplasm with the highest level of
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Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
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Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
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Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
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As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
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3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
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5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
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Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
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Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
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Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
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dwarf genotypes with the convention
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STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
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inoculated plots. The inoculum used
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much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
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5. Collect isolates of barley patho
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oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
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2. United States Wheat and Barley S
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Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
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Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
Page 85 and 86: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 19
Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 93 and 94: CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
Page 95 and 96: showing good levels of resistance t
Page 97 and 98: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
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Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116: 2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118: enzyme it encodes. We found that se
Page 119 and 120: horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
Page 121 and 122: found in plant cell walls. The degr
Page 123: Establishing that sequence variatio
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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