Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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induced to sporulate followed by a second round of single sporing to ensure purity. Phenotypic data was collected by inoculating each field isolate on each of the 22 barley lines. The barley cultivar Heartland was added to the set in 2005 (Table 1) and therefore no data is available for 2004 collections. For 2005 the differential set was inoculated with conidia of 25 individual isolates collected at Langdon and 10 isolates collected at Fargo. Inoculations were completed at the two-to-three-leaf stage as follows. Individual differential lines were planted along with controls using three conetainers (Stuewe and Sons, Inc., Corvallis, OR) per line and three plants per conetainer. Conidia were grown and harvested as described by Weiland et al. (1999). Conidia were diluted to 3000 spores/ml, and 2 drops of Tween 20 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate) was added per 100 ml of inoculum. Plants were inoculated to a heavy mist but not to runoff. Following inoculation, plants were placed in 100% relative humidity at 21˚C for 24 h, and then placed in a controlled chamber under a 12 h photoperiod at 21˚C. Disease readings were taken at 7 d post-inoculation using the 1-10 scale developed by Tekauz (1985) where average disease reactions of less than 5 were considered resistant and those 5 or greater were considered susceptible. At least two replicates were completed for each isolate collected. Results The comparison of 2004 and 2005 virulence data showed some striking changes in virulence patterns found across the isolates tested. The 2004 data showed that resistance found in Canadian Lake Shore, CI4922, Harbin, Manchuria, Manchurian and Tifang were not effective against any of the isolates collected at either location (Table 1). In 2005 this was also the case for isolates collected in Fargo whereas in Langdon these sources of resistance were much more effective indicating a shift away from virulence on these barley lines in the Langdon area (Table 1). Barley lines Algerian, CI5791, CI9214, NDB112, and Prato showed high levels of resistance in both years whereas lines Rika and SM89010 had a reduction in effective resistance in 2005 especially in the Langdon collections. Barley lines NDB112 and Heartland are used as disease resistance sources in the North Dakota and Minnesota barley breeding programs respectively. Both of these lines look to be very effective against the current pathotypes, with both lines 94 % % % % virulence virulence virulence virulence Fargo, ND Langdon, ND Fargo, ND Langdon, 2005 2005 2006 ND CI (10 isolates) 2006 Barley line number (25 isolates) Algerian 1179 0 0 0 0 Atlas 4118 32 40 90 0 Beecher 6566 24 20 70 0 Can. Lk. Sh. 2750 100 100 100 0 Cape 1026 80 60 90 84 CI11458 11458 92 40 80 0 CI4922 4922 100 100 100 0 CI5791 5791 0 0 0 0 CI9214 4929 0 0 0 0 Harbin 12673 100 100 100 0 Hazera 145351 20 12 90 0 Heartland 552963 0 0 Hector 15514 100 100 100 100 Kombar 15694 32 40 100 68 Manchuria 2330 100 100 100 60 Manchurian 739 100 100 100 56 Ming 4797 100 88 80 0 NDB112 11531 12 4 0 0 Prato 15815 4 0 0 4 Rika 8069 20 20 30 84 SM89010 4 12 0 60 Tifang 4407-1 100 100 100 0
showing good levels of resistance to all isolates tested in 2005 at both locations. Although there was no apparent shift in the major barley cultivars planted our result from 2004 and 2005 would show that the P. teres pathogen population has variability for potential adaptation to new resistance sources. Caution should be used when relying on a single resistance source for net blotch. References: Cromey, M.G. and Parks, R.A. 2003. Pathogenic variation in Dreschlera teres in New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection 56:251-256. Gupta, S. and Loughman, R. 2001. Current virulence of Pyrenophora teres on barley in Western Australia. Plant Dis. 85:960-966. Jalli M.J. 2004. Suitability of a selected barley differential set for Pyrenophora teres f. teres virulence screening. Proceedings of the 9 th International Barley Genetics Symposium, Brno Czech Republic, pp. 266-269. Jonsson R., Bryngelsson, T., and Gustafsson, M. 1997. Virulence studies of Swedish net blotch isolates (Drechslera teres) and identification of resistant barley lines. Euphytica 94:209-218. Kahn, T.N. 1982. Changes in pathogenicity of Drechslera teres relating to changes in barley cultivars grown in Western Australia. Plant Dis. 66:655-656. Kahn, T.N. and Boyd, W.J.R. 1969. Physiologic specialization in Drechslera teres. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 22:1229-1235. Mathre, D.E., ed. 1982. Compendium of Barley Diseases. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Steffenson, B.J. and Webster, R.K. 1992. Pathotype diversity of Pyrenophora teres f. teres on barley. Phytopathology 82:170-177. Tekauz, A. 1990. Characterization and distribution of pathogenic variation in Pyrenophora teres f. teres and P. teres f. maculata in Western Canada. Can J. Plant Path. 12:141-148. Tekauz, A. 1985. A numerical scale to classify reactions of barley to Pyrenophora teres. Can. J. Plant. Pathol. 7:181-183. Weiland, J.J., Steffenson, B.J., Cartwright, R.D., and Webster, R.K. 1999. Identification of molecular genetic markers in Pyrenophora teres f. teres associated with low virulence on ‘Harbin’ barley. Phytopathology. 89:176-181. 95
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
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USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
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Spring Regional over two years at D
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Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
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environments was practiced, 2) elit
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Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
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Other Barley Research: Feed Program
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Executive Summary AMBA Prog
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Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
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Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
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EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
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have evaluated a PCR based marker,
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Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
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small grains pathology input to thi
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Project Personnel Small Grains Path
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Investigations on Barley Diseases a
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Minnesota barley disease survey and
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pathotypes at the seedling stage in
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germplasm with the highest level of
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Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
Page 43 and 44: Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63 and 64: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 65 and 66: much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
Page 67 and 68: 5. Collect isolates of barley patho
Page 69 and 70: oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
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Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
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Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 93: CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
Page 97 and 98: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
Page 99 and 100: Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska.
Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116: 2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118: enzyme it encodes. We found that se
Page 119 and 120: horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
Page 121 and 122: found in plant cell walls. The degr
Page 123 and 124: Establishing that sequence variatio
Page 125: Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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