Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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western Minnesota is consistent with that of a sexually reproducing fungus. This diversity and likelihood of a sexual stage in S passerinii indicate that single dominant resistance genes may have a limited life if employed widespread throughout the region. Consideration should be given to pyramiding more than one of the genes into breeding material. 7. Control of FHB in Barley by reducing inoculum load of the pathogen. PhD Student Scott Halley tested in the field at Langdon in 2006, 15 chemical treatments plus an untreated control on Fusarium infested crop stubble for their ability to inhibit pathogen sporulation and head blight disease. Sporulation was measured by bagging and exposing barley heads for predetermined times and then washing and culturing to determine the number of spores on the heads. Sporulation was also measured by placing volumetric spore collectors and open Petri plates with selective isolation media under the barley canopy. Due to the dry season little infection was seen and few spores were measured. Experiments will have to be repeated in 2006 to obtain useful data. In a second study undertaken with Mr. Halley, we investigated the effect of fungicide application at different stages of tiller development in an attempt to explain the poor control of FHB fungicides sprayed on barley compared to the control obtained on wheat. Tillers that were spayed with fungicide at maturities earlier or later than that recommended suggests that two-rowed and six-rowed barleys as well as hard red spring wheat may benefit from additional fungicide applications to protect these tillers in some environments. An application of tebuconazole fungicide only reduced FHB incidence at head fully emerged growth stage but did not affect tillers that had not reached this growth stage. As barley does not develop synchronously there is always a proportion of tillers at spraying that are younger and older than the recommended age Deoxynivalenol concentrations were reduced in one environment when the growth stages were head partially emerged and head fully emerged but were not reduced by other growth stages. Experiments are also continuing with Prof Nick Hill at the University of Georgia. We have collected, purified and shipped several shipments of spores to Prof Hill to determine the specificity of his ELISA method of Fusarium graminearum quantifications, the minimum detection limits and the impact of method of shipment on sensitivity. All experiments are ongoing. OTHER FUNDS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 1. Common Root Rot Resistance Gene Mapping for Barley CAP Research in 2006 was the first year of a four year project funded by the CSREES CAP Barley project. Common root rot (CRR) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana has been identified as a disease of importance in barley in North Dakota and in adjacent Canadian Provinces. Losses in yield average 5 to 15% and are more consistent than leaf diseases that occur in epidemics. Canadian researchers have been breeding for resistance to CRR and Canadian Pathologists have been supplying information to growers for more than 40 years so that they can manage the disease and use resistant cultivars. No information or resistant lines are available in North Dakota. We organized and took receipt of the subset of OPAH2 lines available in sufficient quantities (about 500g) for large scale field trials for testing of disease reaction to common 68
oot rot. In collaboration with Scott Halley at the Langdon Research Extension Centre we chose sites expected to have moderate levels of the CRR pathogen due to their history of consecutive cereal crops. We planted these lines in 4’x10’ plots in Langdon on unirrigated and uninoculated plots with 8 replications. At hard dough stage plants were randomly pulled from each plot until we had at least 20 sub-crown internodes 1-2cm long from each plot. Sub-crown internodes are being stripped of their papery covering prior to disease assessment. Approximately 9000 plants were pulled. At maturity plots were harvested and seed retained for quality assessment. When information about resistance genes for CRR is available it will be made available to breeders to incorporate resistance into current breeding programs. 2. FHB Resistance Gene Mapping for Barley CAP In 2006 we collaborated on the first year of a four year project on mapping FHB using association genetics. This project is funded by the CSREES CAP and led by Kevin Smith, University of Minnesota. The collaborative trial included 96 entries from each of the four Midwest breeding programs. We planted two misted and inoculated FHB nurseries (Fargo and Langdon ND) in single row plots, two replicates per location in an augmented block design including the checks Robust, Stander, MNBrite, Chevron. Due to extremely hot dry conditions at maturity causing premature ripening only one replicate was able to be assessed for disease at each site however data on DON toxin levels, heading date and harvest was able to be undertaken on both replicates at both sites. The information about resistance genes for FHB which is generated in this project will be made available to breeders to speed up the incorporation of resistance into current breeding programs. 3. Pre-harvest crop management to reduce FHB The aim of this project is to investigate FHB and DON in barley after use of pre-harvest desiccant herbicides and swathing to speed-up the maturity of the crop and reduce losses due to lodging and head shattering. As Fusarium is both a pathogen and saprophyte and is favored by warm temperatures and high humidity, the act of swathing a crop could result in an increase in Fusarium levels during the latter stages of crop maturity. As rainfall during grain ripening and maturity are variable between years, simulated rainfall is achieved by irrigation of the swath. The amounts of simulated rainfall quantity and frequency are proportional to historical rainfall patterns at each trial site. DON, visual infection and microbial analyses are done on the treatments. Unexpected effects from combinations of disease and herbicides have been reported for decades so that the reports on herbicide-disease interactions with FHB and glyphosate which originated in Canada require critical experimentation to verify their validity. A range of herbicides registered for use as pre-harvest desiccants were tested over the range of recommended growth stages. Susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars were tested under a range of environmental conditions. The crop was assessed for DON, visual infection, microbial analysis and important; yield and quality components. 69
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
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USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
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Spring Regional over two years at D
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Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
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environments was practiced, 2) elit
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Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
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Other Barley Research: Feed Program
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary AMBA Prog
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
Page 21 and 22: Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
Page 23 and 24: EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
Page 25 and 26: have evaluated a PCR based marker,
Page 27 and 28: Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
Page 29 and 30: small grains pathology input to thi
Page 31 and 32: Project Personnel Small Grains Path
Page 33 and 34: Investigations on Barley Diseases a
Page 35 and 36: Minnesota barley disease survey and
Page 37 and 38: pathotypes at the seedling stage in
Page 39 and 40: germplasm with the highest level of
Page 41 and 42: Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
Page 43 and 44: Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63 and 64: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 65 and 66: much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
Page 67: 5. Collect isolates of barley patho
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
Page 81 and 82: M w kDa 800 600 400 200 0 0.4 0 2 4
Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
Page 85 and 86: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 19
Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 93 and 94: CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
Page 95 and 96: showing good levels of resistance t
Page 97 and 98: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
Page 99 and 100: Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska.
Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116: 2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118: enzyme it encodes. We found that se
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horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
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found in plant cell walls. The degr
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Establishing that sequence variatio
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Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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