Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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MISSION: The primary purpose of AMBA is to encourage and support an adequate supply of high quality malting barley for the malting and brewing industry and increase our understanding of malting barley. PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: Develop malting barley varieties with improved agronomic and quality characters to keep malting barley competitive with other crops so that growers continue to plant and produce an adequate supply of suitable quality for improved utilization by the industry. OBJECTIVES, METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS – AMBA FUNDED PROJECT(S) 1.) Early Generation Quality Testing Program and Cooperative Malt Quality Research. Approximately 3350 early generation lines and cultivars (NDSU Malting Barley Variety Development Program), grown in 2006, were submitted for preliminary screening. This was up by approximately 160 samples from 2005. These samples were screened by near infrared reflectance (NIR) for protein and color. Kernel assortment and test weight were additionally determined on 3200 of the samples, which is an increase of approximately 1000 from 2005. Lines and varieties (130) from the 2006 NDSU variety plot trials were micro-malted and analyzed for standard quality parameters. Micro-malting and malt quality testing services are provided to research cooperators. This work supports research. These samples are not part of the normal barley varietal development program. • 181 barley samples were malted analyzed for Dr Lynn Dahleen and Dr Phil Bregitzer. These samples were for a study on the expression of anti-fungal genes in barley, and their impact on both Fusarium Head Blight resistance and malt quality. • 98 samples were malted and analyzed for Dr Rich Horsley, as part of study on the adaptation of European lines and cultivars in North Dakota and Montana. 2.) Applied Malt Quality Research. Much of the current methodology used in malt analysis was developed from the late 19 th to mid 20 th century. Changing technology as well increased analytical demands and expectations have identified some methods as problematic. As example, we recently reassessed methodology for Congress mashing (Schwarz et al 2007). The current project, which was directly funded by AMBA in 2006 involves the determination of alpha-amylase in malt. Measurement of Malt Alpha-Amylase. The determination of alpha-amylase in malt by automated flow analysis has been challenging since its introduction in the 1970’s. 76
These automated methods have been the subject of numerous ASBC technical subcommittees, but a rugged, reproducible method has not been accepted. Principle problems with the methods have included alternative calibration methods and chemistries (starch-iodine and ferricyanide). The iodine reaction with beta-limit dextrin is the foundation of the original 1939 Sandstedt-Kneen-Blish (SKB) publication and subsequently, the ASBC manual method (ASBC Methods 1992). The method is based upon indirect measurement of a substrate property, and is perhaps of questionable kinetic soundness. On the other hand, reducing sugar methods, such as the ferricyanide method are based upon the direct measurement of reducing sugars formed as a result of hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4 glucosidic linkages in starch by alpha-amylase. We contend that some of the difficulties in inter-lab measurement of malt alpha-amylase can be resolved by improving the understanding of the kinetics involved in various methods. The objective of the project is to compare various methods on a kinetic basis. Background and Hypothesis. The standard ASBC method for alpha-amylase in malt is based upon the reaction of beta-limit dextrin (starch) with iodine (figure 1). Iodine binds within helical sections of the starch or beta-limit dextrin chain and yields a blue color. As amylases degrade starch, this helical structure and iodine binding are lost, and the color gradually changes to red. The measurement of alpha-amylase is based on this color change. Iodine Figure 1. Iodine binding within a cyclodextrin. This is analogous to binding within helical sections of the starch chain. 77
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
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USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
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Spring Regional over two years at D
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Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
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environments was practiced, 2) elit
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Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
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Other Barley Research: Feed Program
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Executive Summary AMBA Prog
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Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
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Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
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EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
Page 25 and 26: have evaluated a PCR based marker,
Page 27 and 28: Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
Page 29 and 30: small grains pathology input to thi
Page 31 and 32: Project Personnel Small Grains Path
Page 33 and 34: Investigations on Barley Diseases a
Page 35 and 36: Minnesota barley disease survey and
Page 37 and 38: pathotypes at the seedling stage in
Page 39 and 40: germplasm with the highest level of
Page 41 and 42: Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
Page 43 and 44: Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63 and 64: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 65 and 66: much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
Page 67 and 68: 5. Collect isolates of barley patho
Page 69 and 70: oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
Page 81 and 82: M w kDa 800 600 400 200 0 0.4 0 2 4
Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
Page 85 and 86: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 19
Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 93 and 94: CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
Page 95 and 96: showing good levels of resistance t
Page 97 and 98: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
Page 99 and 100: Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska.
Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116: 2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118: enzyme it encodes. We found that se
Page 119 and 120: horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
Page 121 and 122: found in plant cell walls. The degr
Page 123 and 124: Establishing that sequence variatio
Page 125: Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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