Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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owed, spring, barley germplasm lines in 2-rowed, malting barley backgrounds were released in 2006. Breeders should be able to utilize these germplasm lines directly in a breeding program with reduced detrimental affect on malting quality as well as grain yield. Seven, RWA-resistant, 2-rowed, spring, feed barley germplasm lines were also released in 2006. There are 34 different sources of resistance involved in these 50 germplasm lines. All 43 spring germplasm releases were tested against 5 biotypes of RWA in 2006. Resistance appears to be holding up to all biotypes. Analysis is ongoing. Stoneham and Sidney, drought hardy, spring, 2-rowed, feed barley cultivars were also released in 2006. These barleys are not only RWA-resistant but also adapted to the high and dry production areas of eastern Colorado and Wyoming and western Nebraska and Kansas. Objectives, Methodology, and results The prebreeding program is designed to bring resistance genes from unadapted germplasm lines into adapted malting and feed barley backgrounds for all barley growing regions in the U.S. It involves repeated backcrossing with intermittent screening with a time commitment of approximately seven years from the first cross until homozygous resistant BC3F3 lines can first be evaluated as observation lines in the field. This is an ongoing process involving many resistant lines and adapted cultivars currently in all phases of the program. Field testing is ongoing in cooperation with Phil Bregitzer (spring barley) and Don Obert (winter barley) scientists with the USDA-ARS in Aberdeen, Idaho; Frank Peairs, Colorado State University; and Gary Hein, University of Nebraska. The first RWA-resistant barley cultivar, Burton, was selected and released to breeders in 2004 cooperatively by ARS in Aberdeen and Stillwater, Colorado State University, University of Nebraska and New Mexico State University. In the summer of 2005, foundation seed was grown in Colorado and Nebraska for two new RWA resistant, drought-hardy, spring feed barley cultivars Stoneham and Sidney. These cultivars were co-released by USDA-ARS in Stillwater, USDA-ARS in Aberdeen, Colorado State University and University of Nebraska in 2006. Both are in an Otis background with resistance from STARS 9301B (Sidney) and STARS 9577B (Stoneham). The need for genetic diversity is very important and has been demonstrated since the 2005 growing season with severe yield losses of RWA resistant winter wheat by a new virulent biotype(s) of RWA in Colorado and Nebraska. A survey of biotypes in Wyoming, Colorado, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico in 2006 by Gary Puterka, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, has shown RWA2 to be the predominant biotype of RWA in all these states except New Mexico, where RWA1 still predominates. Both Sidney and Stoneham are highly resistant to all known biotypes of RWA and out yielded Otis in 12 large-scale on farm tests conducted in 2006 by cooperators Frank Peairs and 98
Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska. Five malt barleys and ten feed barleys being considered for cultivar release were tested at 4 locations in Idaho with the cooperation of Phil Bregitzer. Remnant seed from head selections made in 2005 and evaluated for homozygous resistance to RWA, were grown as plant rows in Aberdeen Idaho in 2006 by Phil Bregitzer to obtain breeders seed increase. These rows were tested again in 2006 for homozygosity prior to bulking seed for release. Three advanced lines of RWA-resistant feed barleys were entered in elite winter barley nurseries and grown at several locations in Idaho with the cooperation of Don Obert. These 3 lines are in a Schuyler background each with a different source of RWA resistance and are being considered for cultivar release. A large-scale on farm test of 4 winter feed barleys adapted to western Colorado was planted in the fall of 2006. Heads will be selected for pure seed increase of potential cultivar release. Ten, winter, feed barley germplasm lines in a Post 90 background with RWA resistance from 10 sources were screened for homozygosity prior to bulking for pure seed for germplasm release in 2007. These lines will be resistant to both RWA and greenbug and are widely adapted growing successfully as far north as Idaho as well as the southern great plains. The timely addition of Dr. Gary Puterka to our research unit in Stillwater has enabled this project to respond to the biotypic changes now occurring in RWA populations in the barley growing areas of the US. RWA resistance in barley germplasm must be tested against all biotypes. The need for genetic diversity has never been clearer. Gary Puterka is currently screening all 43 spring barley germplasm releases (STARS 0601B – STARS 0643B) to RWA1, RWA2, RWA3, RWA4, and RWA5. Rating is almost complete and early indications are that resistance has held up to all biotypes. Analysis is ongoing. The Barley Core Collection (BCC) was screened for bird cherry-oat aphid (BCOA) resistance using a new screening technique developed at the USDA-ARS in Stillwater. The screening is actually and adaptation of flat screening tests established for RWA and greenbug. Under these testing conditions, normally asymptomatic seedlings become symptomatic. Morex, used as a susceptible check, died after 3 weeks of infestation while other lines survived. Seedlings were rated using a rating scale of 1-7 with 1= resistant and 7=dead. Approximately 10% of the 960 accessions in the BCC survived the screening and were rescued. All rescued plants were transplanted into pots and are currently being evaluated for yield and yield components. Crosses were made and populations developed for inheritance and genetic diversity studies for aphid resistance (RWA and greenbug) in barley. Crosses were also made 99
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
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USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
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Spring Regional over two years at D
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Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
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environments was practiced, 2) elit
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Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
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Other Barley Research: Feed Program
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Executive Summary AMBA Prog
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Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
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Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
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EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
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have evaluated a PCR based marker,
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Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
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small grains pathology input to thi
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Project Personnel Small Grains Path
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Investigations on Barley Diseases a
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Minnesota barley disease survey and
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pathotypes at the seedling stage in
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germplasm with the highest level of
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Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
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Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
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Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63 and 64: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 65 and 66: much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
Page 67 and 68: 5. Collect isolates of barley patho
Page 69 and 70: oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
Page 81 and 82: M w kDa 800 600 400 200 0 0.4 0 2 4
Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
Page 85 and 86: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 19
Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 93 and 94: CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
Page 95 and 96: showing good levels of resistance t
Page 97: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116: 2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118: enzyme it encodes. We found that se
Page 119 and 120: horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
Page 121 and 122: found in plant cell walls. The degr
Page 123 and 124: Establishing that sequence variatio
Page 125: Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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