Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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at the levels of 0.2, 1, 5, 10, and 20 µmg/g (ppm), respectively. The recoveries from a single kernel were between 93.0 ~ 95.9%. The precision (coefficient of variance) of the method was in the range of 0.79 to 12.30%. The method detection limit (MDL) and the method quantification limits (MQL) were 18.5 and 55.6 ng/g (ppb), respectively. The ergosterol analysis method developed can be used to handle 80 samples daily by one person, making it suitable for screening cereal cultivars for resistance to fungal infection. The ability for detecting low levels of ergosterol in a single kernel provides a tool to investigate early fungal invasion and to study mechanisms of resistance to fungal diseases. Identification and chromosomal location of major genes for resistance to Pyrenophora teres in a doubled-haploid barley population. Net blotch, caused by Pyrenopora teres, is one of the most economically important diseases of barley worldwide. We used a barley doubled-haploid population derived from the lines SM89010 and Q21861 to identify major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seedling resistance to P. teres f. teres (net-type net blotch (NTNB)) and P. teres f. maculata (spot-type net blotch (STNB)). A map consisting of simple sequence repeat (SSR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers was used to identify chromosome locations of resistance loci. Major QTLs for NTNB and STNB resistance were located on chromosomes 6H and 4H, respectively. The 6H locus (NTNB) accounted for as much as 89% of the disease variation, whereas the 4H locus (STNB resistance) accounted for 64%. The markers closely linked to the resistance gene loci will be useful for marker-assisted selection. Quality risks associated with the utilization of Fusarium head blight infected malting barley. Fusarium head blight (FHB) has adversely affected the quality of barley grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States and the eastern Prairie Provinces of Canada since 1993. Objectives of this study were to document the occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) on barley within North Dakota and Minnesota, investigate relationships among FHB, DON, and malt quality, and to determine at what level FHB/DON-contaminated barley can be safely utilized for the production of quality malt. Since 1993, mean DON levels have ranged from 10.3 to 0.4 µg/g with a corresponding 81 to 32% of the regional barley crop in excess of 0.5µg/g. Strong relationships were not observed between either kernel size or kernel weight and DON. As a consequence, cleaning is unlikely to achieve insignificant reductions in DON levels in most cases. In terms of barley and malt quality, the strongest relationships were observed between barley DON and malt DON and malt DON and wort color. However, malt DON levels could not be reliably predicted from barley at
germplasm with the highest level of FHB resistance possible. Our specific activities involve the systematic evaluation unique Hordeum germplasm from the USDA and foreign genebanks for resistance to FHB. The screening of the entire six-rowed spring barley collection (8,100 accessions) from the USDA National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) is complete. Additionally, we have now completed the evaluation of nearly one half of the six-rowed winter barley and wild barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) collections of the NSGC. Future Direction of the Program Given that the mission of my position at the University of Minnesota is to improve and enhance small grain cereal crops with genes derived from wild species, I will continue to work on exploiting wild cereal species. However, I remain deeply committed to improving malting barley varieties for enhanced disease resistance at the University of Minnesota and at other institutions. If I were to receive an AMBA grant in the future, my activities for these funds will be strictly focused on the improvement of malting barley varieties. Personnel: Brian J. Steffenson, Professor/Project Leader Stephanie Dahl, Junior Scientist and Lab Manager Tamas Szinyei, Junior Scientist Claudia Miller-Castell, Post-doctoral Research Associate Joy Roy, Post-doctoral Research Associate Pablo Olivera, Graduate Student Ben Alsop, Graduate Student Cooperators: Michael C. Edwards, USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND Paul B. Schwarz, NDSU, Fargo, ND Richard D. Horsley, NDSU, Fargo, ND Kevin Smith, UM, St. Paul, MN Gary Muehlbauer, UM, St. Paul, MN Ruth Dill-Macky, UM, St. Paul, MN Harold Bockelman, USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID Andy Kleinhofs, WSU, Pullman, WA Richard Pickering, Crop & Food Research, Christchurch, New Zealand Stephen Neate, NDSU, Fargo, ND Patrick M. Hayes, OSU, Corvallis, OR Publications: Nirmala, J., Brueggeman, R., Maier, C., Clay, C., Rostoks, N., Gamini Kannangara, C., von Wettstein, D., Steffenson, B., and Kleinhofs, A. 2006. Sub-cellular localization and functions of the barley stem rust resistance receptor-like serine/threonine-specific protein kinase Rpg1. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci (USA) 103:7518-7523. 39
Page 1 and 2: Annual Pro
Page 3 and 4: -i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
Page 5 and 6: USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
Page 7 and 8: Spring Regional over two years at D
Page 9 and 10: Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
Page 11 and 12: environments was practiced, 2) elit
Page 13 and 14: Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
Page 15 and 16: Other Barley Research: Feed Program
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary AMBA Prog
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
Page 21 and 22: Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
Page 23 and 24: EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
Page 25 and 26: have evaluated a PCR based marker,
Page 27 and 28: Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
Page 29 and 30: small grains pathology input to thi
Page 31 and 32: Project Personnel Small Grains Path
Page 33 and 34: Investigations on Barley Diseases a
Page 35 and 36: Minnesota barley disease survey and
Page 37: pathotypes at the seedling stage in
Page 41 and 42: Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
Page 43 and 44: Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63 and 64: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 65 and 66: much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
Page 67 and 68: 5. Collect isolates of barley patho
Page 69 and 70: oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
Page 81 and 82: M w kDa 800 600 400 200 0 0.4 0 2 4
Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
Page 85 and 86: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 19
Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90:
forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92:
PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
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CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
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showing good levels of resistance t
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Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
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Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska.
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Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
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Detailed Report on
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Other Barley Research and Future Di
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Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
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Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
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MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
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We recently secured an industrial c
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2006-2007 Progress
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enzyme it encodes. We found that se
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horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
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found in plant cell walls. The degr
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Establishing that sequence variatio
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Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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