Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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Net Blotch of Barley: Survey of Pathogen Virulence Timothy L. Friesen USDA-ARS Northern Crop Science Laboratory Cereal Crops Research Unit Fargo, ND 58105 Executive Summary: Because net blotch on barley has the potential to cause severe yield loss as well as a reduction in quality and that most barley lines are moderately to highly susceptible, it is important that we have an understanding of host resistance and pathogen virulence in this important host-pathogen system. This proposal was aimed at identifying pathogen virulence present in the Pyrenophora teres field populations at Langdon and Fargo, ND in 2004 and 2005 in an attempt to characterize the variability of virulence of P. teres the causal agent of net blotch on barley. Successful progress in this research will help our understanding of the virulence as it relates to specific resistance genes in the host with the ultimate goal of being able to effectively breed for durable net blotch resistance. Several good resistance sources have been identified that have not been overcome by any of the P. teres isolates collected to date. This research will be conducted each year to monitor changes in the pathogen population in order to provide important information on the effectiveness of various sources of resistance. What major objectives or issues are being resolved short and long term, how are you resolving them, and what are the expected benefits? In the present study we have identified what resistance genes are effective in the field population and at the same time identifying which genes are ineffective in combating net blotch of barley in the ND/MN region in the previous two growing seasons. We have also identified changes in virulence within the pathogen population over the two year period tested, showing that the pathogen population has the ability to change if selection pressures such as the introduction of single resistance genes were applied. Long term, it is our objective to monitor the change in the P. teres population to identify what resistance genes have been overcome or have the potential to be overcome. This monitoring will aid in choosing resistance genes for developing durably resistant barley cultivars. What objectives were met and/or outputs produced in the one-year funding period? Using a varied barley differential set with published differences we have identified which lines contain the most effective resistance. The most effective resistance sources in the year 2005 study are barley genotypes CI1179 (Algerian), CI5791, 92
CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and NDB112. All other resistance sources were susceptible to at least one isolate collected in 2005. What were the most significant accomplishments? The most significant accomplishment in this work was the identification of which resistant sources are overcome and which ones contain potentially durable net blotch resistance that could be used in combating net blotch in this region as well as the identification of virulence changes within the pathogen population from year to year. Objective: Net blotch caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres Drechs. f. teres Smedeg. (anamorph: Drechslera teres) is one of the most economically important diseases in barley growing regions of the United States and the world. This disease is a perennial problem especially in cool, wet barley growing regions although it has been seen in dry regions as well (Mathre 1982). The majority of barley cultivars grown in the United States are moderately to highly susceptible to net blotch of barley. Therefore, it is critical that we have an understanding of the pathogen population to properly develop barley cultivars with durable resistance to net blotch. The objective of this project was to evaluate the North Dakota field population at two location with two significantly different environments. This study focused on the level of variability present in the P. teres population as it relates to identified host resistance in a differential barley set. Methodologies: Host differential set A host differential set of 20 barley lines (Table 1) was chosen based on published differential reaction of these lines. (Jalli 2004, Wu et al. 2003, Cromey and Parks 2003, Gupta and Loughman 2001, Jonsson et al. 1997, Steffenson and Webster 1992, Tekauz 1990, Kahn 1982, Kahn and Boyd 1969). This was done by evaluating the most thorough publications on differential sets. All lines used in this differential set have been shown to have different resistance patterns when inoculated with isolates from around the world indicating that each line harbors at least one different resistance gene. NDB112 and Heartland (Table 1) have also been added to this set based on their use as resistance sources in the North Dakota and Minnesota barley breeding program, respectively. Field collection and pathotype analysis on the barley differential set Field plots of the near universal susceptible cultivar Hector were planted on barley stubble to ensure the best disease possible. Hector plots were established at Fargo and Langdon, ND in both 2004 and 2005. Diseased leaves were collected throughout the growing season. Leaves were plated on sterile water agar and single spore isolates were picked from net blotch lesions. Isolates were grown and 93
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Annual Pro
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-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
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USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
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Spring Regional over two years at D
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Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
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environments was practiced, 2) elit
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Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
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Other Barley Research: Feed Program
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Executive Summary AMBA Prog
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Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
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Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
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EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
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have evaluated a PCR based marker,
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Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
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small grains pathology input to thi
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Project Personnel Small Grains Path
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Investigations on Barley Diseases a
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Minnesota barley disease survey and
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pathotypes at the seedling stage in
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germplasm with the highest level of
Page 41 and 42: Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
Page 43 and 44: Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63 and 64: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 65 and 66: much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
Page 67 and 68: 5. Collect isolates of barley patho
Page 69 and 70: oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
Page 81 and 82: M w kDa 800 600 400 200 0 0.4 0 2 4
Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
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Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 95 and 96: showing good levels of resistance t
Page 97 and 98: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
Page 99 and 100: Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska.
Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116: 2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118: enzyme it encodes. We found that se
Page 119 and 120: horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
Page 121 and 122: found in plant cell walls. The degr
Page 123 and 124: Establishing that sequence variatio
Page 125: Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
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Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

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