Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Due to the overall low incidence and severity of leaf and head diseases in 2006 carry-over inoculum will be low in 2007 which should reduce disease levels particularly if conditions are not suitable for disease development. Figure 1. Typical output on the web site which is available for each pest and disease. Animated gifs (simple movies) are also available that allow farmers to see changes occurring as the season progresses. The disease data are being used by the barley pathology program, together with the tworowed and six-rowed barley breeding programs to set priorities for research in disease resistance for the development of Western region barley varieties. In addition farmers can access the data on the web and use it and the accompanying interpretation as a decision aid for fungicide spraying or changes to management in following seasons. Tissue samples from all diseased fields were returned to NDSU at Fargo, isolations of the causal organism was made and isolates were stored for future and current work on pathogen race distribution and evolution. 66
5. Collect isolates of barley pathogens and determine their virulence phenotype. In 2006 we had difficulty in making isolations from leaf lesions probably due to the fact that there were few well developed infections on the material collected. A survey of fields was undertaken in July 2006 for common root rot (CRR) caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana which finds dry soil conditions favorable for development. Cochliobolus sativus was isolated from approximately 80% of the more than 200 sub-crown internodes showing symptoms. After identification we subcultured the isolates using a single conidium in order to ensure that we did not have a mixed culture. The single conidium isolates were dried down and are in stage at -80 C. We were able to add these collections to the large collection we amassed in 2002-2006 and they will be used by the grad student Sanjay Gyawali to study diversity of the pathogen. 6. Molecular Markers and Resistance Genes to Septoria in Barley. Dr Seonghee Lee a PhD student (August 2002-July 2006) completed his research on identifying molecular markers for resistance genes to Septoria leaf blotch in barley. Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB) caused by the pathogen Septoria passerinii is a common leaf disease in cultivated barley in North Dakota. The disease causes economic losses in yield and malting quality, and genetic resistance is the preferred method of control. Identification of molecular markers for SSLB resistance genes will allow marker-assisted selection (MAS) in breeding. To develop molecular markers for resistance, susceptible cultivars were crossed with three resistant lines, each containing one the three genes. The F2 generation and F2.3 families were evaluated for resistance in the green house and F2.3 families in the field. Sequence tagged site (STS) markers SUBC285, SOPC2, SOPAH5, and SOPBA12 each closely linked to one of the three genes, were produced from RAPD markers. Another STS marker, MWG938 linked to Rsp2, was also identified. The STS markers were screened on breeding material with know phenotype as well as diverse genetic material. The STS markers linked to Rsp genes will be very be useful for maker-assisted selection and for gene pyramiding with other genes in barley breeding programs trying to incorporate SSLB resistance in their cultivars. In order to utilize the three single dominant genes it is important to know the diversity in the pathogen and its capacity to develop virulence to the resistance genes. The genetic structure of Septoria passerinii from nine field populations was examined at several scales; within lesions, among lesions in a leaf, among leaves in a field, and among fields in ND and western MN, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. A total of 390 isolates were sampled from seven barley fields located in ND and MN. AFLP DNA fingerprints identified 176 different genotypes among 390 (non-clone corrected) isolates in the nine different fields. In two intensively sampled sites, ND16 (Williston ND) and ND17 (Langdon ND), one to four different genotypes only were found within a lesion. A higher level of genetic and genotypic diversity was found within a leaf where six to nine different genotypes were found on each leaf. The genetic diversity within a leaf was similar to the genetic diversity within a field. The pattern of genetic variation within and among lesions on a leaf was similar to that observed in the closely related Mycosphaerella graminicola which is known to have regular cycles of sexual reproduction in the field. A lack of correlation between geographical distance and genetic distance was found, and this suggests the potential for a high level of gene flow between different geographical regions. The population genetic structure described in this study for S. passerinii in North Dakota and 67
Page 1 and 2:
Annual Pro
Page 3 and 4:
-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
Page 5 and 6:
USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
Page 7 and 8:
Spring Regional over two years at D
Page 9 and 10:
Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
Page 11 and 12:
environments was practiced, 2) elit
Page 13 and 14:
Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
Page 15 and 16: Other Barley Research: Feed Program
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary AMBA Prog
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
Page 21 and 22: Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
Page 23 and 24: EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
Page 25 and 26: have evaluated a PCR based marker,
Page 27 and 28: Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
Page 29 and 30: small grains pathology input to thi
Page 31 and 32: Project Personnel Small Grains Path
Page 33 and 34: Investigations on Barley Diseases a
Page 35 and 36: Minnesota barley disease survey and
Page 37 and 38: pathotypes at the seedling stage in
Page 39 and 40: germplasm with the highest level of
Page 41 and 42: Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
Page 43 and 44: Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63 and 64: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 65: much of North Dakota in 2006, few f
Page 69 and 70: oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
Page 81 and 82: M w kDa 800 600 400 200 0 0.4 0 2 4
Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
Page 85 and 86: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 19
Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 93 and 94: CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
Page 95 and 96: showing good levels of resistance t
Page 97 and 98: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
Page 99 and 100: Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska.
Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116: 2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118:
enzyme it encodes. We found that se
Page 119 and 120:
horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
Page 121 and 122:
found in plant cell walls. The degr
Page 123 and 124:
Establishing that sequence variatio
Page 125:
Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
show all

Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?