Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

More documents

Recommendations

Info

A second aim of this research was to study the leaf rust resistance gene Rph13 in the barley line “PI531849”, to identify putative resistance related markers, and to map the gene using molecular markers. Crosses were made between the resistant parent “PI 531849” containing resistance gene Rph13 and “Bowman”, a cultivar susceptible to leaf rust. Inheritance studies were performed by screening F2 progeny and F2:3 families against pathotype “Race 8” of P. hordei to determine the leaf rust resistance genes in “PI 531849”. Data showed a single resistance gene, Rph13, acted in a dominant manner. Using diversity array technology (DArT) and simple sequence repeat markers (SSRs), Rph13 was mapped to chromosome 3H. The SSR marker EBmac0541 was mapped 0.5 cM distal to Rph13 and may be useful for MAS if further flanking markers can be identified. A selection of races of P. hordei were used in the greenhouse to screen for resistance in a collection of 82 barley lines from the breeding program at NDSU. Resistance was identified in barley line “C2-02-134-2-2” which had a different phenotype from the resistance gene, Rph15 which had already been shown to exist in that line. In the F2 generation of a cross between C2-02-134-2-2 and ZA47, the Rph15 phenotype (00;) was separated from the second resistance gene phenotype (0;12-). A cross was then made between barley line “4A” which contained only the second gene and “Bowman”, and the progeny were use in an inheritance study and for gene mapping by DArT. The new resistance was shown to be due to a single dominant gene. The gene was mapped onto barley chromosome 7H. When inoculated with a set of P. hordei isolates the gene showed different phenotypic reactions from that of Rph3 and Rph19 already known to be on chromosome 7H, which is some evidence that it is a new gene. We are very happy with the progress in this project as we achieved significantly more in than was proposed in the AMBA project proposal. 4. Conduct detailed field surveys to determine the incidence and severity of barley diseases in Western North Dakota. After 4 years of funding the SBARE Malting Barley for Western North Dakota project has been incorporated into the ND Ag Experiment Station Budget. I now apply annually to the Experiment Station for the $12,000 to employ crop scouts and their travel to continue the survey. The money allocated does not fully cover the cost and a small amount has come from AMBA funds to support this effort. In 2006 I again lobbied successfully for ND Ag Experiment Station funds to continue the service, but the intention is to redirect the SBARE Malting Barley for Western North Dakota funds toward agronomic research and it is likely that this service will be discontinued in future years. To achieve this aim I have developed collaborations with Dr Marcia McMullen (small grains pathology extension Fargo), Dr Janet Knodel (plant protection/entomology extension Fargo) and Mr. Roger Ashley (small grains agronomy Dickinson) to sample barley fields across the state for leaf, stem head and root diseases with an emphasis on Western North Dakota. Prior to the initiation of this survey only about 60 barley fields were sampled annually in North Dakota with patchy distributions in the West of the state. Disease survey staff was employed between June and August 2006 to systematically sample barley fields for seedling and mature plant diseases as well as for insects. Due to the severe drought in 64
much of North Dakota in 2006, few fields were detected with diseases. A total of 105 fields were sampled. This was less than half of the number sampled in 2005 because the area of barley sown in 2006 was significantly less than in previous years and disease was low so that finding crops to survey took much more of the scout’s time. Scouts examined 10 plants in five locations per field, sampling in a W pattern. Information collected at each site included district, county, field location, GPS location, growth stage, previous crop, and incidence and severity of major diseases and insects. Data were recorded on hand held iPAQ computers equipped with an Excel spreadsheet. Information was forwarded at the end of each week to NDSU at Fargo. Data were mapped using ARC- INFO GIS software, and on Monday mornings reports were uploaded to the web at http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/aginfo/ndipm/. Extension staff, consultants, farmers and the general public are able to view the site immediately. On an accompanying web page Dr McMullen summarizes and interprets the information contained in the disease maps. An example of part of the June 19-23 pest report by Dr McMullen follows, “WHEAT AND BARLEY DISEASE OBSERVATIONS, June 19-23 ……. NDSU IPM’s summer field scouts surveyed ….. 11 barley fields during the week of June 19-23. The average growth stage of these crops during that week was Zadoks 40 = the boot stage, with a wide range of growth stages, from 2 leaf to soft dough.…… Barley: Leaf spots were commonly found by field scouts, but were not severe. The barley growth stage averaged Zadoks 40 = boot stage at the time. Two of the four headed barley fields had loose smut, with a 4 and 10% incidence of infected tillers. Fusarium head blight: For Fusarium head blight, some NDAWN stations indicated that weather had been favorable for moderate risk of Fusarium head blight…. This area of risk is small and is similar to last week’s areas of risk, primarily in the northcentral tier of counties. ” In 2006 diseases were less common and less severe than in the last three years, probably because of the well below average rainfall during the tillering and heading stages of crop growth. Early in the season almost no disease was found on barley except for some minor spot blotch symptoms and an occasional BYDV affected plant. By late June, leaf spots were common but not severe and some fields that had not been seed treated were showing symptoms of loose smut. By the beginning of July spot blotch was being detected in all fields and aphid and thrip numbers had increased to damaging levels although no FHB was detected in fields that had emerged heads. As July progressed aphids and thrips became more common and patches of BYDV affected plants were frequently found, presumably as the aphids are a vector for this disease. FHB at low severity was detected in only a very few fields. By the end of July most crops were ripe, but those that were planted later and were still green had little leaf disease detectable and no FHB was detected. 65
Page 1 and 2:
Annual Pro
Page 3 and 4:
-i- INTRODUCTION The March 2007 <st
Page 5 and 6:
USDA-ARS NORTHERN CROP SCIENCE LABO
Page 7 and 8:
Spring Regional over two years at D
Page 9 and 10:
Table 1. 2006 UCD Two-Rowed Malting
Page 11 and 12:
environments was practiced, 2) elit
Page 13 and 14: Table 4. Selected six-rowed lines c
Page 15 and 16: Other Barley Research: Feed Program
Page 17 and 18: Executive Summary AMBA Prog
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Agronomic performance of M
Page 21 and 22: Lines M122 and M124 were rated sati
Page 23 and 24: EARLY GENERATION LINES Forty F5 pop
Page 25 and 26: have evaluated a PCR based marker,
Page 27 and 28: Edward Schiefelbein, Research Scien
Page 29 and 30: small grains pathology input to thi
Page 31 and 32: Project Personnel Small Grains Path
Page 33 and 34: Investigations on Barley Diseases a
Page 35 and 36: Minnesota barley disease survey and
Page 37 and 38: pathotypes at the seedling stage in
Page 39 and 40: germplasm with the highest level of
Page 41 and 42: Mirlohi, A., Brueggeman, R., Steffe
Page 43 and 44: Developing Improved Malt Barley Var
Page 45 and 46: Table 2. Montana’s Statewide Tria
Page 47 and 48: As a Barley CAP collaborator, our C
Page 49 and 50: 3.2. A barley nursery composed of d
Page 51 and 52: 5. Related Barley Projects Barley P
Page 53 and 54: Barley Breeding - Advanced Testing
Page 55 and 56: Table 3. Agronomic comparisons of N
Page 57 and 58: Preliminary Malting Barley Yield Tr
Page 59 and 60: dwarf genotypes with the convention
Page 61 and 62: STUDIES ON BARLEY DISEASES AND THEI
Page 63: inoculated plots. The inoculum used
Page 67 and 68: 5. Collect isolates of barley patho
Page 69 and 70: oot rot. In collaboration with Scot
Page 71 and 72: 2. United States Wheat and Barley S
Page 73 and 74: 6. Lee, S. and Neate, S.M. (2006) P
Page 75 and 76: Objectives Met in the One-Year Fund
Page 77 and 78: These automated methods have been t
Page 79 and 80: Beta-limit dextrin Alpha-Amylase Al
Page 81 and 82: M w kDa 800 600 400 200 0 0.4 0 2 4
Page 83 and 84: Figure 7. Time course of I2-binding
Page 85 and 86: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1993 1994 19
Page 87 and 88: 2. Other Research (A) Predicting Se
Page 89 and 90: forms (through enzymolysis during m
Page 91 and 92: PUBLICATIONS (2006-07) Schwarz, P.B
Page 93 and 94: CI9214, PI552963 (Heartland), and N
Page 95 and 96: showing good levels of resistance t
Page 97 and 98: Germplasm Enhancement for RWA Resis
Page 99 and 100: Gary Hein in Colorado and Nebraska.
Page 101 and 102: Kevin Hicks, Research Leader, USDA-
Page 103 and 104: Detailed Report on
Page 105 and 106: Other Barley Research and Future Di
Page 107 and 108: Table 1. 2006/2007 Oregon winter ba
Page 109 and 110: Table 4. Agronomic data for OSU win
Page 111 and 112: MALTING QUALITY ANALYSIS OF NEW BAR
Page 113 and 114: We recently secured an industrial c
Page 115 and 116:
2006-2007 Progress
Page 117 and 118:
enzyme it encodes. We found that se
Page 119 and 120:
horseradish peroxidase-conjugated g
Page 121 and 122:
found in plant cell walls. The degr
Page 123 and 124:
Establishing that sequence variatio
Page 125:
Charles Karpelenia, technician Joe
show all

Annual Progress Report on Malting Barley Research March, 2007

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?