DClinPsy Portfolio Volume 1 of 3 - University of Hertfordshire ...

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As is evident from Table 3 there are no obese participants in this sample when using the U.K classification system. Using the U.S classification system therefore yields a different set of frequencies as they have a ‘risk of overweight’ and an ‘overweight’ group. Due to the differing results produced by the different categorisation percentiles and in order to have groups large enough for meaningful comparisons the U.S classification system was used and those at risk of becoming overweight were grouped with those classified as overweight into one group. Moreover, the U.S system was broader and has been used frequently in research studies in both countries as well as internationally. It was also thought to be consistent with using U.S measures e.g. EDI-3. 3- EDR classification In order to test the primary hypotheses investigating the risk of an eating disorder in relation to the clinical variables, EDR was divided into the categories displayed in table 4 below. Table 4: Frequency counts and percentages of Eating Disorder Risk categories Eating Disorder Risk categories (percentiles from normed data) Frequency (%) Low Risk (less than 90 th percentile) 68 (71%) Moderate Risk (91 st and 98 th percentiles) 17 (18%) High Risk (99 th percentile) 11 (11%) Total 96 (100%) As can be seen from Table 4 the majority i.e. 71% of the sample fell in the low risk category. This is as might be expected from a non clinical population of adolescents at school. Nearly 18% scored at the moderate risk level and 11% scored in the high risk level which suggests this minority of adolescent females may have a clinical eating disorder or serious eating concerns or symptoms. 4 – History of mental health, eating problems and critical life events 162
Table 5: Frequency counts and percentages for eating disorder and mental health History of eating disorder (or obesity) Total sample No history 81 (84%) History in immediate family 5 (5%) History in extended family 5 (5%) No answer 5 (5%) History of mental illness No History of mental illness 74 (77%) Yes 11 (11%) Did not answer 11 (11%) Alcohol use reported Yes 20 (21%) No 68 (71%) No answer 8 (8%) Illicit drug use reported Yes 13 (13%) No 75 (78%) No answer 8 (8%) Participants were also asked about a history of eating disorder or obesity and of mental illness in their families (both immediate and wider). This information is difficult to ascertain conclusively from the self reports as the adolescent participants may not have been aware of a diagnosis or report on an assumption. 84% reported that there was no history of eating disorders or obesity in their family, 5% reported that there was such a history in their immediate family and another 5% said that there was such a history in their extended family. 77% of the sample reported that there was no history of mental 163
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DClinPsy Portfolio Volume 1 of 3 A
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Discuss the importance of the thera
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Psychoanalytically, the focus has b
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Type 2 refers to joint working and
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It appears that what links the conc
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It was concluded that the direct as
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Importance of Therapeutic Relations
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The therapist must also be aware of
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Understanding what constitutes a po
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References Alexander, L. B. & Lubor
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Gutfreund, M. J. (1992). A close-up
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Lambert, M. J. & Bergin, A. E. (199
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Shin, Sung-Man; Chow, Clifton; Cama
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Introduction Historically there has
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Furthermore connections’ in relat
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A triangular pattern of protection
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Another issue related to empowering
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There are many issues that the psyc
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Furthermore a common tendency in pe
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Conclusion Although systemic and ps
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References Banks, R. (2003). Psycho
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Linington, M. (2002). ‘Whose hand
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Small Scale Service Related Project
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• 36% stated that voluntary atten
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CONTENTS Pages Introduction 50-58 M
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Individual authors from different p
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Aim of current project This study w
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- appointment times given to all at
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RESULTS Forty professionals took pa
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The highest rated factor is about t
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Figure 2 Ratings of importance of e
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Figure 4 Ratings of importance of e
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Nursing rated the following five po
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Question Graph showing views of pro
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Other comments from Nursing stated
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However, the comments section invol
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e audited. Furthermore, it may be u
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Hodgson, R., Jamal, A., Gayathri, B
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APPENDICES 77
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How Multi-disciplinary Staff View W
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28 Are the patients attending given
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There should be a named person resp
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Literature Review Body Image, Disor
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Prevalence studies across Europe, t
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For example, the use of appetite su
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The next part of this review will e
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Similarly, negative characteristics
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When body image distress is very lo
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The role of emotion regulation in t
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Experiential avoidance is the unwil
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Ineffective avoidance coping strate
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References Alexander, L. C., Gratz,
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Croll, J. Neumark-Stainer, D., stor
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Hayes, S. C., Masuda, A., Bissett,
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Keel, P. K., Fulkerson, J. A., and
Page 111 and 112: McVey, G.L., Pepler, D., Davis, R.,
Page 113 and 114: Piran, N and Cormier, H.C. (2005) t
Page 115 and 116: Stice, E., Presnell, K., Shaw, H. a
Page 117 and 118: APPENDIX I: Search strategy Consult
Page 119 and 120: Body Image, Disordered Eating and E
Page 121 and 122: ACT and weight control 139 ACT and
Page 123 and 124: Demographics of sample and epidemio
Page 125 and 126: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 127 and 128: Introduction This study reports on
Page 129 and 130: Consequences of disordered eating P
Page 131 and 132: Transdiagnostic approach in underst
Page 133 and 134: Factors implicated in the developme
Page 135 and 136: Feelings of depression/ high levels
Page 137 and 138: ACT and processing unpleasant emoti
Page 139 and 140: Applying ACT theory to weight contr
Page 141 and 142: Heffner et al, (2002) assert that t
Page 143 and 144: This phenomenon has encouraged furt
Page 145 and 146: This project will therefore seek to
Page 147 and 148: Method Design: A non experimental,
Page 149 and 150: The researcher remained in the room
Page 151 and 152: The psychological scales will be de
Page 153 and 154: The comparison group (n = 770) cons
Page 155 and 156: 4) Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Page 157 and 158: The BMI-for-age weight status categ
Page 159 and 160: Results Section I will provide desc
Page 161: The majority were in the middle set
Page 165 and 166: As regards experience of an illness
Page 167 and 168: Min-Max Skewness (Std error) 1-23 0
Page 169 and 170: The lower boundary of the box repre
Page 171 and 172: 3. Moderate EDR compared to High ED
Page 173 and 174: Comparison of Body Image Acceptance
Page 175 and 176: Table 12 - Descriptive statistics f
Page 177 and 178: The boxplot above shows that there
Page 179 and 180: Hospital Anxiety & Deperssion Scale
Page 181 and 182: 3. Anxiety-Underweight compared to
Page 183 and 184: As can be seen from the above scatt
Page 185 and 186: Hospital Anxiety & Deperssion Scale
Page 187 and 188: Comparison Mean difference (SE) Z p
Page 189 and 190: Section III - Further contributing
Page 191 and 192: Due to the small sample size in the
Page 193 and 194: Eating Disorder risk categories Tot
Page 195 and 196: 25 (28%) out of the 88 participants
Page 197 and 198: % within Body mass index USA 35.7%
Page 199 and 200: Table 33: Results of the logistic r
Page 201 and 202: Moreover, 13% of those aged 12-14 y
Page 203 and 204: The clinical variables of anxiety a
Page 205 and 206: Summary of additional findings The
Page 207 and 208: Low self esteem involves an uncondi
Page 209 and 210: This study has supported the relati
Page 211 and 212: Co-morbidity with other psychopatho
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After insertion, if the fingers pul
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This is consistent with the asserti
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The sample size was not adequate fo
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Conclusion This study found that in
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Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., Be
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Greco, L. A., Blomquist, K. K., Acr
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HADS, and the influence of age, gen
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Mykletun, A., Stordal, E. & Dahl, A
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Smolak, L., Levine, M. P., & Strieg
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Willcox, M. & Sattler, D. N. (1996)
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Appendix 3 Body Image Acceptance an
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Appendix 4 Hospital Anxiety and Dep
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Appendix 5 Background information D
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Appendix 6 Information sheet for pa
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If after reading this information s
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Dear Sir/Madam, U H Doctor of Clini
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U H CONSENT FORM Title of Project:
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CERTIFICATE OF ACHEIVEMENT This is
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Debriefing sheet Title of project:
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Appendix 10 Ethics approval Form SC
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Appendix 12 Boxplots and Descriptiv
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Appendix 13 Box plot and Descriptiv
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Journal-Ready Copy Helen Eracleous
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Abstract Objective: The study inves
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Taking such a perspective may also
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ACT suggests that inflexibility (i.
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The EDI has been the measure of cho
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Additional research questions were
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Hypotheses III Inflexibility was po
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A potential explanation may be that
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The last two are choosing life dire
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Clinical implications Due to the cr
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Conclusion The hypotheses investiga
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Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., & Baer,
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Smolak, L., Levine, M. P., and Stri
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