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Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18 Healthy Overweight Underweight Body mass index USA Figure 5: Boxplot showing distribution <strong>of</strong> the Avoidance and Fusion scores (inflexibility) across the three BMI groups As can be seen from Figure 5 above there is not much difference in the medians <strong>of</strong> the three groups. There is an outlier in the healthy group and the distributions appear fairly normal. Relevant descriptive statistics are displayed in Table 12. 174
Table 12 - Descriptive statistics for the Avoidance and Fusion clinical scale regarding inflexibility for the BMI groups Body Mass Index (BMI) Category Avoidance and Fusion (higher scores indicate inflexibility) Healthy N Mean (Std error) Median SD Min-Max Skewness (Std error) Overweight N Mean (Std error) Median SD Min- Max Skewness (Std error) Underweight N Mean (Std error) Median SD Min-Max Skewness (Std error) 61 28.48 (1.44) 30 11.26 5-62 0.23 (0.31) 14 28.29 (4.18) 24 15.62 0-53 -0.05 (0.60) 21 29.86 (2.72) 30 12.44 14-56 0.18 (0.50) As can be seen in Table 12 mean inflexibility is slightly higher in the underweight group (29.86) in comparison with both the overweight (28.29) and the healthy (28.48), this will be tested using the Mann Whitney U Test for consistency. The skewness is minimal and the distributions are normal. Table 13– Results from the Mann Whitney U Test exploring inflexibility in relation to BMI Comparison Avoidance and Fusion 1.Underweight compared to Healthy BMI 2. Overweight compared to Healthy BMI Mean difference Z p-value (1- tailed) -1.38 -0.4 0.32 0.12 0.19 0.07 0.48 0.02 Effect size (Cohen’s d) 175
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DClinPsy Portfolio Volume 1 of 3 A
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Discuss the importance of the thera
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Psychoanalytically, the focus has b
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Type 2 refers to joint working and
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It appears that what links the conc
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It was concluded that the direct as
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Importance of Therapeutic Relations
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The therapist must also be aware of
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Understanding what constitutes a po
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References Alexander, L. B. & Lubor
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Gutfreund, M. J. (1992). A close-up
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Lambert, M. J. & Bergin, A. E. (199
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Shin, Sung-Man; Chow, Clifton; Cama
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Introduction Historically there has
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Furthermore connections’ in relat
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A triangular pattern of protection
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Another issue related to empowering
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There are many issues that the psyc
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Furthermore a common tendency in pe
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Conclusion Although systemic and ps
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References Banks, R. (2003). Psycho
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Linington, M. (2002). ‘Whose hand
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Small Scale Service Related Project
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• 36% stated that voluntary atten
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CONTENTS Pages Introduction 50-58 M
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Individual authors from different p
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Aim of current project This study w
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- appointment times given to all at
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RESULTS Forty professionals took pa
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The highest rated factor is about t
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Figure 2 Ratings of importance of e
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Figure 4 Ratings of importance of e
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Nursing rated the following five po
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Question Graph showing views of pro
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Other comments from Nursing stated
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However, the comments section invol
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e audited. Furthermore, it may be u
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Hodgson, R., Jamal, A., Gayathri, B
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APPENDICES 77
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How Multi-disciplinary Staff View W
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28 Are the patients attending given
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There should be a named person resp
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Literature Review Body Image, Disor
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Prevalence studies across Europe, t
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For example, the use of appetite su
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The next part of this review will e
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Similarly, negative characteristics
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When body image distress is very lo
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The role of emotion regulation in t
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Experiential avoidance is the unwil
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Ineffective avoidance coping strate
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References Alexander, L. C., Gratz,
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Croll, J. Neumark-Stainer, D., stor
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Hayes, S. C., Masuda, A., Bissett,
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Keel, P. K., Fulkerson, J. A., and
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McVey, G.L., Pepler, D., Davis, R.,
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Piran, N and Cormier, H.C. (2005) t
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Stice, E., Presnell, K., Shaw, H. a
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APPENDIX I: Search strategy Consult
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Body Image, Disordered Eating and E
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ACT and weight control 139 ACT and
Page 123 and 124: Demographics of sample and epidemio
Page 125 and 126: Acknowledgements I would like to th
Page 127 and 128: Introduction This study reports on
Page 129 and 130: Consequences of disordered eating P
Page 131 and 132: Transdiagnostic approach in underst
Page 133 and 134: Factors implicated in the developme
Page 135 and 136: Feelings of depression/ high levels
Page 137 and 138: ACT and processing unpleasant emoti
Page 139 and 140: Applying ACT theory to weight contr
Page 141 and 142: Heffner et al, (2002) assert that t
Page 143 and 144: This phenomenon has encouraged furt
Page 145 and 146: This project will therefore seek to
Page 147 and 148: Method Design: A non experimental,
Page 149 and 150: The researcher remained in the room
Page 151 and 152: The psychological scales will be de
Page 153 and 154: The comparison group (n = 770) cons
Page 155 and 156: 4) Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Page 157 and 158: The BMI-for-age weight status categ
Page 159 and 160: Results Section I will provide desc
Page 161 and 162: The majority were in the middle set
Page 163 and 164: Table 5: Frequency counts and perce
Page 165 and 166: As regards experience of an illness
Page 167 and 168: Min-Max Skewness (Std error) 1-23 0
Page 169 and 170: The lower boundary of the box repre
Page 171 and 172: 3. Moderate EDR compared to High ED
Page 173: Comparison of Body Image Acceptance
Page 177 and 178: The boxplot above shows that there
Page 179 and 180: Hospital Anxiety & Deperssion Scale
Page 181 and 182: 3. Anxiety-Underweight compared to
Page 183 and 184: As can be seen from the above scatt
Page 185 and 186: Hospital Anxiety & Deperssion Scale
Page 187 and 188: Comparison Mean difference (SE) Z p
Page 189 and 190: Section III - Further contributing
Page 191 and 192: Due to the small sample size in the
Page 193 and 194: Eating Disorder risk categories Tot
Page 195 and 196: 25 (28%) out of the 88 participants
Page 197 and 198: % within Body mass index USA 35.7%
Page 199 and 200: Table 33: Results of the logistic r
Page 201 and 202: Moreover, 13% of those aged 12-14 y
Page 203 and 204: The clinical variables of anxiety a
Page 205 and 206: Summary of additional findings The
Page 207 and 208: Low self esteem involves an uncondi
Page 209 and 210: This study has supported the relati
Page 211 and 212: Co-morbidity with other psychopatho
Page 213 and 214: After insertion, if the fingers pul
Page 215 and 216: This is consistent with the asserti
Page 217 and 218: The sample size was not adequate fo
Page 219 and 220: Conclusion This study found that in
Page 221 and 222: Catalano, R. F., Hawkins, J. D., Be
Page 223 and 224: Greco, L. A., Blomquist, K. K., Acr
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HADS, and the influence of age, gen
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Mykletun, A., Stordal, E. & Dahl, A
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Smolak, L., Levine, M. P., & Strieg
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Willcox, M. & Sattler, D. N. (1996)
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Appendix 3 Body Image Acceptance an
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Appendix 4 Hospital Anxiety and Dep
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Appendix 5 Background information D
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Appendix 6 Information sheet for pa
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If after reading this information s
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Dear Sir/Madam, U H Doctor of Clini
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U H CONSENT FORM Title of Project:
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CERTIFICATE OF ACHEIVEMENT This is
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Debriefing sheet Title of project:
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Appendix 10 Ethics approval Form SC
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Appendix 12 Boxplots and Descriptiv
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Appendix 13 Box plot and Descriptiv
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Journal-Ready Copy Helen Eracleous
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Abstract Objective: The study inves
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Taking such a perspective may also
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ACT suggests that inflexibility (i.
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The EDI has been the measure of cho
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Additional research questions were
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Hypotheses III Inflexibility was po
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A potential explanation may be that
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The last two are choosing life dire
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Clinical implications Due to the cr
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Conclusion The hypotheses investiga
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Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., & Baer,
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Smolak, L., Levine, M. P., and Stri
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