The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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66°N 64°N 62°N 98 60°W 60°W No. of overlapping surveys 1 2 3 4 5 6 Assessment area 0 50 100 Km 60°N 66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W 60°W No. of overlapping surveys 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Assessment area 0 50 100 Km 60°N 55°W 55°W 55°W 55°W 50°W Spring 50°W 50°W Autumn 50°W 68°N 66°N 64°N 62°N 68°N 66°N 64°N 62°N 66°N 64°N 62°N 0 50 100 Km 60°N 60°W 60°W No. of overlapping surveys 1 2 3 4 5 6 Assessment area 66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W 60°W No. of overlapping surveys 1 2 3 4 Assessment area 0 50 100 Km 60°N 55°W 55°W 55°W 55°W 50°W Summer 50°W 50°W Winter Figure 4.7.3. At-sea distribution of survey effort in the assessment area, shown as the number of overlapping ship- and aerial surveys conducted during spring (Apr-May), summer (Jun-Aug), autumn (Sep-Dec) and winter (Jan-Mar). White areas represent areas with no survey activity. The figures do not include all surveys conducted in the assessment area, only what was available in two shared AU/GINR survey databases at the time of data extraction, corresponding to 25 ship surveys (1988-2010) and 3 aerial surveys (1996-2009). 50°W 68°N 66°N 64°N 62°N 68°N 66°N 64°N 62°N
Knowledge on habitat use of the wintering seabirds and the factors governing their distribution is generally poor, especially for the offshore area. Despite the unknowns it is evident that, seen in a North Atlantic perspective, the waters off West Greenland are very important for seabirds (Barrett et al. 2006). 4.7.5 Selected species A number of seabird species important for the assessment area are briefly described in the following pages. For some species, the at-sea distribution is shown for different seasons of the year, based on available ship and aerial survey data collected in the period 1988-2010. At the time of data extraction this corresponded to 25 ship surveys (1988-2010) and 3 aerial surveys (1996- 2009). Seabird densities were calculated as follows. The original survey transects were split into 3 km segments, and for each segment a density was calculated on the basis of the number of birds of the particular seabird species observed, the length of the segment, and an effective search width estimated separately for each survey and species by means of distance sampling methods (Buckland et al. 2001). Survey by survey the densities were interpolated to 3x3 km raster grids by inverse distance weighting (power 2, radius 15 km), and the densities shown on the maps represent the mean value in an overlay analysis of these grids (divided into four seasons). Densities were calculated only within a 15 km buffer around the survey transects. Note that the number of overlapping surveys varies markedly between seasons and areas (Fig. 4.7.3). Northern Fulmar, Fulmarus glacialis The number of breeding fulmars in the assessment area is very low, probably no more than a few hundred pairs, and, moreover, the few colonies seem to be unstable in time and space (Boertmann et al. 1996). In the offshore areas fulmars are numerous and occur almost everywhere, except for in winter when only few are present (Fig. 4.7.4). They usually avoid areas with high ice coverage. Concentrations are linked to foraging areas and such may occur at ice edges, upwelling areas and areas with commercial fisheries. The fulmar has a favourable conservation status in Greenland and it is not included on the Greenland Red List (Boertmann 2007, listed as of ‘Least Concern’ (LC)). Fulmars have medium sensitivity to oil spills both on an individual level and a population level. Breeding colonies are among the most sensitive areas, because fulmars often rest on the water surface here. Recurrent offshore concentration areas are not known, but may occur e.g. at upwelling areas. 99
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THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary stra
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AU THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary s
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Contents Preface 5 Summary and conc
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Preface The Bureau of Minerals and
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anks are normally ice free or have
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ed in large numbers in the assessme
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cetaceans (whales and harbour porpo
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placement and transport corridors.
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shrimp and Greenland halibut, for i
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Mitigation The risk of accidents an
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Miljøet Det pelagiske miljø De fy
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Fangst og udnyttelse Menneskelig ud
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Indenfor fiskeriet, er risikoen for
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Kumulative effekter Der vil være e
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dybde, kan muligvis ændre på konk
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ingsæl, spættet sæl, finhval, pu
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tassannga misilittagarineqalersut s
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Timmisat imarmiut amerlasoorsuit, q
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lu klimami pissutsinut atuutunut tu
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toqunartoqarneri arrortikkuminarner
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toqusarnermik taarserneqarluni, uum
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minguttitamiit ajoquserneqarsinnaan
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Kalaallit Nunaanni immikkut ulorian
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Figure 1.1.1. The assessment area,
Page 49 and 50: VEC = Valued Ecosystem Components V
Page 51 and 52: tings/well and in total 6,000 tons
Page 53 and 54: 2.9 Other activities Ship transport
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.2.1. Major sea surface cur
Page 57 and 58: 3.2.3 The coasts The coastal zone b
Page 59 and 60: Jan Feb May Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct
Page 61 and 62: Figure 3.3.3. Average sea ice exten
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3.3.4. Major iceberg sources
Page 65 and 66: 4 Biological environment 4.1 Primar
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.1.1. Monthly progressions
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4.2.1. Calanus spp. biomass
Page 71 and 72: 69 Fish larvae are important compon
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.2.4. Red dots indicate san
Page 75 and 76: focus should improve our understand
Page 77 and 78: The coastal zone of the assessment
Page 79 and 80: 183 macroalgal species (excl. the b
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.3.1. Distribution of macroa
Page 83 and 84: Chaetomorpha capillaris Chaetomorph
Page 85 and 86: egistered in the area. A similar pa
Page 87 and 88: The sea ice algal production in the
Page 89 and 90: 1990) and then north (mid-2000s) in
Page 91 and 92: September when they have reached a
Page 93 and 94: Salmon, Salmo salar Biology and dis
Page 95 and 96: tween 1 and 2.4 billion individuals
Page 97 and 98: It should be noted that the breedin
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Page 103 and 104: Great shearwater, Puffinus gravis T
Page 105 and 106: Common eider, Somateria mollissima
Page 107 and 108: Figures 4.7.7. At-sea distribution
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.7.9. Distribution and inte
Page 111 and 112: Figure 4.7.11. At-sea distribution
Page 113 and 114: The Iceland gull has a favourable c
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.7.12. Distribution and int
Page 117 and 118: Murres spend very long time on the
Page 119 and 120: The puffins are migratory, but thei
Page 121 and 122: Figure 4.7.16. Density of whitetail
Page 123 and 124: sonal communication 1984) varied wi
Page 125 and 126: Numbers: The status of the walrus s
Page 127 and 128: tively impacted by disturbance from
Page 129 and 130: surround the eyes and line the oral
Page 131 and 132: Sensitivity: Non-whelping hooded se
Page 133 and 134: winter in reoccurring leads and pol
Page 135 and 136: Critical and important habitats: Th
Page 137 and 138: Figure 4.8.6. The main frequency ra
Page 139 and 140: tude breeding grounds and high lati
Page 141 and 142: Figure 4.8.7. Migration routes for
Page 143 and 144: long-finned squid (Loligo pealei) (
Page 145 and 146: Until recently the abundance of har
Page 147 and 148: Figure 4.8.9. Main summer and winte
Page 149 and 150: 4.9.1 Pelagic hotspots The shelf ba
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5 Natural resource use 5.1 Commerci
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66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W Snow crab c
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Figure 5.1.4. Distribution and size
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Salmon, Salmo salar The fishery for
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Figure 5.2.2. Annual number of king
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2003/04-2007/08 the catch averaged
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66°N 64°N 62°N 66°N 64°N 62°N
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Figure 5.2.6. The West Greenland ca
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Figure 5.3.1. The number of cruise
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6.2 National nature protection legi
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formation see the IBA website (http
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glaucous gulls, great black-backed
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7.2 Conclusions on contaminant leve
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structures containing up to 10 ring
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The current warming trends are ofte
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species interactions. In the review
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8.5 Marine mammals and seabirds The
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9 Impact assessment David Boertmann
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10 Impacts of the potential routine
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Impact of seismic noise on zoo- and
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type or timing of vocalisations. In
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detailed studies on the effect of s
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Table 10.1.1. Overview of potential
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een eliminated on the grounds of en
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10.3 Development and production act
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hydrocarbon activities in Greenland
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parts of the shelf. Activities in t
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Seabird hunting is widespread and i
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There is a risk of reduced availabi
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General knowledge on the potential
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week period after the Exxon Valdez
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In general, species with distinct s
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A study of the density and distribu
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majority of the biomass. From a bio
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waters longer. The coastal fishery
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Seal pups are very sensitive to dir
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indicates that similar long-term im
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other parameters. It should be note
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Autumn (September-November) During
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to oil spills and produced water. I
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12.2.1 Ecotoxicological Monitoring
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Andersen JB, Böcher J, Guttmann B,
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Anon (2011b). Selvstyrets bekendtg
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Blackwell SB, Lawson JW, Williams M
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Born EW (2003). Reproduction in mal
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Buch E, Nielsen MH, Pedersen SA (20
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Clark RC, Finley JS (1977). Effects
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Dietz R, Heide-Jørgensen MP (1995)
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Falk K, Møller S (1997). Breeding
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Gjertz I, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Wi
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Hansen JLS, Hjorth M, Rasmussen MB,
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Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL (201
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Horsted SA (2000). A review of the
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Jonas RF (1974). Prospect for the e
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Ketten DR, Lien J, Todd S (1993). B
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Lick R, Piatkowski U (1998). Stomac
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Melle W, Serigstad B, Ellertsen B (
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Mosbech A, Danø R, Merkel FR, Sonn
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Nielsen OK, Lyck E, Mikkelsen MH, H
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Parry GD, Gason A (2006). The effec
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Popper AN, Fewtrell J, Smith ME, Mc
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Rivkin RB, Tian R, Anderson MR, Pay
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Schaaning MT, Trannum HC, Øxnevad
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Simpson AC, Howell BR, Warren PJ (1
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Taylor MK, Akeeagok S, Andriashek D
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Wegeberg S, Bangsholt J, Dolmer P,
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