The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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Figure 4.7.13. At-sea distribution of thick-billed murre in the assessment area during spring (Apr-May), summer (Jun-Aug), autumn (Sep-Dec) and winter (Jan-Mar) based on available ship survey and aerial survey data collected in 1988 - 2010. Note that survey coverage and density scale varies between seasons. 114
Murres spend very long time on the sea surface and only come on land in the breeding season. When the chicks are approximately three weeks old and far from fully grown or able to fly, they leave the colony in company with the adult male and swim/drift to offshore waters. The male then sheds all flight feathers and becomes flightless for some weeks and starts migration southwards by swimming. This swimming migration goes through the assessment area in late summer and early autumn (Fig. 4.7.13). The West Greenland murre population has an unfavourable conservation status because it is decreasing. This decline is mainly ascribed to nonsustainable harvest and more recently perhaps also chronic oil spills caused by trans-Atlantic shipping in the winter quarters in Newfoundland waters (Falk & Kampp 1997, Wiese et al. 2004). Murres are very sensitive both to oil spills and disturbance at the breeding colonies, where large proportions of the total population can be impacted by a single incident. Vulnerable offshore concentrations occur at feeding grounds, but they are highly vulnerable especially during the period of flightlessness and swimming migration. Due to the population decline the thick-billed murre is listed as Vulnerable (VU) on the Greenland Red List (Boertmann 2007). Common murre, Uria aalge The common murre is only found breeding at one site in the assessment area (Boertmann et al. 1996), in the colony of thick-billed murres southwest of Nuuk. The highest number recorded there in recent years is approximately 75 birds. The species is listed as endangered on the Greenland Red List, as the population in other colonies to the south of the assessment area has decreased (Boertmann 2007). Razorbill, Alca torda The razorbill is a widespread breeding bird in the assessment area. Several colonies holding from five to 300 individuals are found both in the fjords and at the outer coasts. The main part is found in Maniitsoq district (Fig. 4.7.1). Razorbills are migratory and recent studies indicated that Greenland razorbills move to the waters off eastern North America for the winter (AU, unpubl.). Razorbills’ behaviour and sensitivity towards oil spills are similar to murres and black guillemots. However, the breeding population is much more dispersed than the thick-billed murres, with numerous small colonies along the coasts, so razorbills are likely to display better recovery potential. The conservation status of the razorbill in Greenland is favourable, and it is listed as Least Concern on the Greenland Red List (Boertmann 2007). Atlantic puffin, Fratercula arctica The breeding population of puffins in the assessment area is concentrated at the mouth of Godhåbsfjord. Here approximately eight colonies hold about 1,000 birds. There are a few more small colonies within the assessment area, both north and south of Nuuk. 115
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THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary stra
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AU THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary s
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Contents Preface 5 Summary and conc
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Preface The Bureau of Minerals and
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anks are normally ice free or have
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ed in large numbers in the assessme
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cetaceans (whales and harbour porpo
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placement and transport corridors.
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shrimp and Greenland halibut, for i
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Mitigation The risk of accidents an
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Miljøet Det pelagiske miljø De fy
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Fangst og udnyttelse Menneskelig ud
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Indenfor fiskeriet, er risikoen for
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Kumulative effekter Der vil være e
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dybde, kan muligvis ændre på konk
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ingsæl, spættet sæl, finhval, pu
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tassannga misilittagarineqalersut s
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Timmisat imarmiut amerlasoorsuit, q
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lu klimami pissutsinut atuutunut tu
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toqunartoqarneri arrortikkuminarner
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toqusarnermik taarserneqarluni, uum
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minguttitamiit ajoquserneqarsinnaan
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Kalaallit Nunaanni immikkut ulorian
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Figure 1.1.1. The assessment area,
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VEC = Valued Ecosystem Components V
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tings/well and in total 6,000 tons
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2.9 Other activities Ship transport
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Figure 3.2.1. Major sea surface cur
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3.2.3 The coasts The coastal zone b
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Jan Feb May Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct
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Figure 3.3.3. Average sea ice exten
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Figure 3.3.4. Major iceberg sources
Page 65 and 66: 4 Biological environment 4.1 Primar
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.1.1. Monthly progressions
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4.2.1. Calanus spp. biomass
Page 71 and 72: 69 Fish larvae are important compon
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.2.4. Red dots indicate san
Page 75 and 76: focus should improve our understand
Page 77 and 78: The coastal zone of the assessment
Page 79 and 80: 183 macroalgal species (excl. the b
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.3.1. Distribution of macroa
Page 83 and 84: Chaetomorpha capillaris Chaetomorph
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Page 87 and 88: The sea ice algal production in the
Page 89 and 90: 1990) and then north (mid-2000s) in
Page 91 and 92: September when they have reached a
Page 93 and 94: Salmon, Salmo salar Biology and dis
Page 95 and 96: tween 1 and 2.4 billion individuals
Page 97 and 98: It should be noted that the breedin
Page 99 and 100: 66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W 60°W Arcti
Page 101 and 102: Knowledge on habitat use of the win
Page 103 and 104: Great shearwater, Puffinus gravis T
Page 105 and 106: Common eider, Somateria mollissima
Page 107 and 108: Figures 4.7.7. At-sea distribution
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.7.9. Distribution and inte
Page 111 and 112: Figure 4.7.11. At-sea distribution
Page 113 and 114: The Iceland gull has a favourable c
Page 115: Figure 4.7.12. Distribution and int
Page 119 and 120: The puffins are migratory, but thei
Page 121 and 122: Figure 4.7.16. Density of whitetail
Page 123 and 124: sonal communication 1984) varied wi
Page 125 and 126: Numbers: The status of the walrus s
Page 127 and 128: tively impacted by disturbance from
Page 129 and 130: surround the eyes and line the oral
Page 131 and 132: Sensitivity: Non-whelping hooded se
Page 133 and 134: winter in reoccurring leads and pol
Page 135 and 136: Critical and important habitats: Th
Page 137 and 138: Figure 4.8.6. The main frequency ra
Page 139 and 140: tude breeding grounds and high lati
Page 141 and 142: Figure 4.8.7. Migration routes for
Page 143 and 144: long-finned squid (Loligo pealei) (
Page 145 and 146: Until recently the abundance of har
Page 147 and 148: Figure 4.8.9. Main summer and winte
Page 149 and 150: 4.9.1 Pelagic hotspots The shelf ba
Page 151 and 152: 5 Natural resource use 5.1 Commerci
Page 153 and 154: 66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W Snow crab c
Page 155 and 156: Figure 5.1.4. Distribution and size
Page 157 and 158: Salmon, Salmo salar The fishery for
Page 159 and 160: Figure 5.2.2. Annual number of king
Page 161 and 162: 2003/04-2007/08 the catch averaged
Page 163 and 164: 66°N 64°N 62°N 66°N 64°N 62°N
Page 165 and 166: Figure 5.2.6. The West Greenland ca
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Figure 5.3.1. The number of cruise
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6.2 National nature protection legi
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formation see the IBA website (http
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glaucous gulls, great black-backed
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7.2 Conclusions on contaminant leve
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structures containing up to 10 ring
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The current warming trends are ofte
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species interactions. In the review
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8.5 Marine mammals and seabirds The
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9 Impact assessment David Boertmann
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10 Impacts of the potential routine
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Impact of seismic noise on zoo- and
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type or timing of vocalisations. In
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detailed studies on the effect of s
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Table 10.1.1. Overview of potential
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een eliminated on the grounds of en
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10.3 Development and production act
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hydrocarbon activities in Greenland
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parts of the shelf. Activities in t
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Seabird hunting is widespread and i
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There is a risk of reduced availabi
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General knowledge on the potential
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week period after the Exxon Valdez
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In general, species with distinct s
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A study of the density and distribu
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majority of the biomass. From a bio
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waters longer. The coastal fishery
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Seal pups are very sensitive to dir
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indicates that similar long-term im
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other parameters. It should be note
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Autumn (September-November) During
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to oil spills and produced water. I
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12.2.1 Ecotoxicological Monitoring
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Andersen JB, Böcher J, Guttmann B,
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Anon (2011b). Selvstyrets bekendtg
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Blackwell SB, Lawson JW, Williams M
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Born EW (2003). Reproduction in mal
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Buch E, Nielsen MH, Pedersen SA (20
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Clark RC, Finley JS (1977). Effects
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Dietz R, Heide-Jørgensen MP (1995)
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Falk K, Møller S (1997). Breeding
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Gjertz I, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Wi
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Hansen JLS, Hjorth M, Rasmussen MB,
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Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL (201
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Horsted SA (2000). A review of the
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Jonas RF (1974). Prospect for the e
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Ketten DR, Lien J, Todd S (1993). B
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Lick R, Piatkowski U (1998). Stomac
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Melle W, Serigstad B, Ellertsen B (
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Mosbech A, Danø R, Merkel FR, Sonn
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Nielsen OK, Lyck E, Mikkelsen MH, H
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Parry GD, Gason A (2006). The effec
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Popper AN, Fewtrell J, Smith ME, Mc
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Rivkin RB, Tian R, Anderson MR, Pay
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Schaaning MT, Trannum HC, Øxnevad
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Simpson AC, Howell BR, Warren PJ (1
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Taylor MK, Akeeagok S, Andriashek D
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Wegeberg S, Bangsholt J, Dolmer P,
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