The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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82 regime being the most prominent (e.g. Gray 2002, Wlodarska-Kowalczuk et al. 2004, Piepenburg 2005). Therefore the benthic community is often extremely heterogeneous on both local and regional scales. The coastline in Southwest Greenland (62-67°N) is traversed by numerous fjords, many of them acting as direct links between the inland ice sheet and the ocean. Moreover, many islands are scattered directly off the coast resulting in an extremely long coastline and a variety of shallow benthic habitats. The continental shelf most often extends >100 km offshore. A mix of shallow banks (300 m) results in a highly complex bathymetry in the shelf area. 4.4.1 Fauna Considering the extremely long coastline of Greenland the number of benthic surveys is limited. Still, there have been reports of high standing stocks of macrofauna (>1000 g wet weight m -2 ) in shallow benthic habitats in Greenland (
egistered in the area. A similar pattern was found on a local scale along a fjord-ocean transect in the Godthaabsfjord/Fylla Bank area (64°N). Here, up to >80 species per 0.1 m 2 grab sample were reported, and large differences in habitat characteristics between the 9 sampling stations (47-956 m in depth) affected the species composition significantly, resulting in a high total species richness (339 species) (Sejr et al. 2010a). In the two studies, species accumulation curves (i.e. plots of no. of species vs. no. of samples) showed no sign of reaching an asymptote, which suggested the ‘true’ number of species to be considerably higher than observed. An increase in sampling effort is therefore likely to lead to the observation of new species. These two data sets contributed to a recent pan-Arctic inventory of macro- and megabenthic species including all existing data from Arctic shelf regions. Although a lack of data from Greenland waters was apparent, enough data was available to suggest species diversity in West Greenland to be in the high end compared to other ecoregions in the Arctic (Piepenburg et al. 2010). In May 2010 another benthic sampling campaign was performed in the nearshore area between 64 and 61°N (Batty et al. 2010). Detailed taxonomic data are not yet available, but the sampling is expected to provide data on benthic biomass, abundance, diversity and species composition as well as the physico-chemical characteristics of the sediment. Visual examinations of the seabed using an underwater drop camera down to 250 m in depth indicated that the sea floor was very heterogeneous. Several substrate types were registered ranging from soft mud and clay to a mix of stones and shells, and clean rock. The species composition of epifauna was obviously influenced by these different physical conditions, and several different epifaunal communities were identified. Due to the reported heterogeneity in the area, it can be expected to host several different assemblages of epi- and endobenthic species. As regards the functional role of the benthos in the assessment area, recent studies in coastal areas indicate that macrozoobenthos are key both in terms of elemental cycling and ecosystem function. In Kobbefjord (64°N) the annual carbon demand of the dominating species, sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Fig. 4.3.1) and scallops (Chlamys islandica), corresponded to as much as 21-45% of the pelagic primary production (Blicher et al. 2009). Moreover, it is well established that macrozoobenthos stimulate microbial mineralisation of organic material through bioturbation and bioirrigation, and faeces production (Glud et al. 2003, Vopel et al. 2003, Glud et al. 2010). The functional importance of shallow macrofauna was further demonstrated in a study in Nipisat Sound (64°N), a key habitat for wintering eiders. Here it was estimated that eiders consumed a significant fraction of the available macrofauna biomass to balance their costs of living during their wintering. Their energy demand corresponded to as much as 58% of the total annual production of macrobenthos in the area (Blicher et al. 2011). Thus, the available studies from the assessment area agree with the results from other areas in Greenland, and in the Arctic as a whole, in that the benthic habitat plays a key role in terms of biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, the lack of studies of spatial and temporal variation in community structure, and the lack of data from certain habitat types and from offshore areas make it difficult to draw more detailed conclusions. One obvious problem as regards quantitative taxonomical studies of benthos is that the majority of samples have been collected at sites with soft sediment 83
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THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary stra
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AU THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary s
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Contents Preface 5 Summary and conc
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Preface The Bureau of Minerals and
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anks are normally ice free or have
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ed in large numbers in the assessme
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cetaceans (whales and harbour porpo
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placement and transport corridors.
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shrimp and Greenland halibut, for i
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Mitigation The risk of accidents an
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Miljøet Det pelagiske miljø De fy
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Fangst og udnyttelse Menneskelig ud
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Indenfor fiskeriet, er risikoen for
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Kumulative effekter Der vil være e
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dybde, kan muligvis ændre på konk
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ingsæl, spættet sæl, finhval, pu
Page 33 and 34: tassannga misilittagarineqalersut s
Page 35 and 36: Timmisat imarmiut amerlasoorsuit, q
Page 37 and 38: lu klimami pissutsinut atuutunut tu
Page 39 and 40: toqunartoqarneri arrortikkuminarner
Page 41 and 42: toqusarnermik taarserneqarluni, uum
Page 43 and 44: minguttitamiit ajoquserneqarsinnaan
Page 45 and 46: Kalaallit Nunaanni immikkut ulorian
Page 47 and 48: Figure 1.1.1. The assessment area,
Page 49 and 50: VEC = Valued Ecosystem Components V
Page 51 and 52: tings/well and in total 6,000 tons
Page 53 and 54: 2.9 Other activities Ship transport
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.2.1. Major sea surface cur
Page 57 and 58: 3.2.3 The coasts The coastal zone b
Page 59 and 60: Jan Feb May Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct
Page 61 and 62: Figure 3.3.3. Average sea ice exten
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3.3.4. Major iceberg sources
Page 65 and 66: 4 Biological environment 4.1 Primar
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.1.1. Monthly progressions
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4.2.1. Calanus spp. biomass
Page 71 and 72: 69 Fish larvae are important compon
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.2.4. Red dots indicate san
Page 75 and 76: focus should improve our understand
Page 77 and 78: The coastal zone of the assessment
Page 79 and 80: 183 macroalgal species (excl. the b
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.3.1. Distribution of macroa
Page 83: Chaetomorpha capillaris Chaetomorph
Page 87 and 88: The sea ice algal production in the
Page 89 and 90: 1990) and then north (mid-2000s) in
Page 91 and 92: September when they have reached a
Page 93 and 94: Salmon, Salmo salar Biology and dis
Page 95 and 96: tween 1 and 2.4 billion individuals
Page 97 and 98: It should be noted that the breedin
Page 99 and 100: 66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W 60°W Arcti
Page 101 and 102: Knowledge on habitat use of the win
Page 103 and 104: Great shearwater, Puffinus gravis T
Page 105 and 106: Common eider, Somateria mollissima
Page 107 and 108: Figures 4.7.7. At-sea distribution
Page 109 and 110: Figure 4.7.9. Distribution and inte
Page 111 and 112: Figure 4.7.11. At-sea distribution
Page 113 and 114: The Iceland gull has a favourable c
Page 115 and 116: Figure 4.7.12. Distribution and int
Page 117 and 118: Murres spend very long time on the
Page 119 and 120: The puffins are migratory, but thei
Page 121 and 122: Figure 4.7.16. Density of whitetail
Page 123 and 124: sonal communication 1984) varied wi
Page 125 and 126: Numbers: The status of the walrus s
Page 127 and 128: tively impacted by disturbance from
Page 129 and 130: surround the eyes and line the oral
Page 131 and 132: Sensitivity: Non-whelping hooded se
Page 133 and 134: winter in reoccurring leads and pol
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Critical and important habitats: Th
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Figure 4.8.6. The main frequency ra
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tude breeding grounds and high lati
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Figure 4.8.7. Migration routes for
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long-finned squid (Loligo pealei) (
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Until recently the abundance of har
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Figure 4.8.9. Main summer and winte
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4.9.1 Pelagic hotspots The shelf ba
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5 Natural resource use 5.1 Commerci
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66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W Snow crab c
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Figure 5.1.4. Distribution and size
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Salmon, Salmo salar The fishery for
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Figure 5.2.2. Annual number of king
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2003/04-2007/08 the catch averaged
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66°N 64°N 62°N 66°N 64°N 62°N
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Figure 5.2.6. The West Greenland ca
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Figure 5.3.1. The number of cruise
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6.2 National nature protection legi
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formation see the IBA website (http
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glaucous gulls, great black-backed
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7.2 Conclusions on contaminant leve
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structures containing up to 10 ring
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The current warming trends are ofte
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species interactions. In the review
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8.5 Marine mammals and seabirds The
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9 Impact assessment David Boertmann
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10 Impacts of the potential routine
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Impact of seismic noise on zoo- and
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type or timing of vocalisations. In
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detailed studies on the effect of s
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Table 10.1.1. Overview of potential
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een eliminated on the grounds of en
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10.3 Development and production act
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hydrocarbon activities in Greenland
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parts of the shelf. Activities in t
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Seabird hunting is widespread and i
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There is a risk of reduced availabi
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General knowledge on the potential
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week period after the Exxon Valdez
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In general, species with distinct s
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A study of the density and distribu
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majority of the biomass. From a bio
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waters longer. The coastal fishery
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Seal pups are very sensitive to dir
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indicates that similar long-term im
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other parameters. It should be note
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Autumn (September-November) During
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to oil spills and produced water. I
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12.2.1 Ecotoxicological Monitoring
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Andersen JB, Böcher J, Guttmann B,
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Anon (2011b). Selvstyrets bekendtg
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Blackwell SB, Lawson JW, Williams M
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Born EW (2003). Reproduction in mal
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Buch E, Nielsen MH, Pedersen SA (20
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Clark RC, Finley JS (1977). Effects
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Dietz R, Heide-Jørgensen MP (1995)
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Falk K, Møller S (1997). Breeding
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Gjertz I, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Wi
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Hansen JLS, Hjorth M, Rasmussen MB,
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Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL (201
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Horsted SA (2000). A review of the
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Jonas RF (1974). Prospect for the e
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Ketten DR, Lien J, Todd S (1993). B
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Lick R, Piatkowski U (1998). Stomac
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Melle W, Serigstad B, Ellertsen B (
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Mosbech A, Danø R, Merkel FR, Sonn
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Nielsen OK, Lyck E, Mikkelsen MH, H
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Parry GD, Gason A (2006). The effec
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Popper AN, Fewtrell J, Smith ME, Mc
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Rivkin RB, Tian R, Anderson MR, Pay
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Schaaning MT, Trannum HC, Øxnevad
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Simpson AC, Howell BR, Warren PJ (1
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Taylor MK, Akeeagok S, Andriashek D
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Wegeberg S, Bangsholt J, Dolmer P,
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The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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