The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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56 from the inner parts of the Godthåbsfjord (Rignot & Kanagaratnam 2006). The extent to which the increased freshwater input from the fjord systems affects the characteristics of the West Greenland Current is currently unknown. 3.3.1 The West Ice and drift patterns The ice conditions between 60° and 71° N are primarily determined by the north- or northwest-flowing West Greenland Current bringing in relatively warm water and the effects of the cold south-flowing Baffin Island Current. Ice starts to form in the open water in the northern Baffin Bay in September when the amount of West Ice (first year ice) in the Davis Strait and Baffin Bay is at the lowest level. In the following months, ice cover increases steadily from north to south reaching a maximum in late winter, usually in March, after which it decreases (Nazareth & Steensboe 1998, Buch 2000, 2002, Hansen et al. 2004). The relatively warm West Greenland Current delays sea ice formation in the eastern Davis Strait and results in an earlier breakup of the sea ice than in the western parts. There is therefore always more ice cover in the western than in the eastern half of Baffin Bay (Fig. 3.3.1). The Baffin Island Current conveys large amounts of sea ice from Baffin Bay to the Davis Strait and Labrador Sea, especially during the winter and early spring months. During this period sea ice normally covers most of the Davis Strait north of 65° N, but not areas close to the Greenland coast. Here, a flaw lead (open water or thin ice) of varying widths often appears between the shore and the offshore parts of the fast- and drift ice as far north as latitude 67° N. South of 65°- 67° N, sea ice-free areas dominate throughout the year. The eastern part of the Davis Strait, south of Disko Island, is free of sea ice during this period (Fig. 3.3.1 and 3.3.2), whereas drifting ice dominates to the west and north. The area northwest of the Fyllas Banke area is normally free of West Ice from early May until early January (Valeur et al. 1996, Nazareth & Steensboe 1998). Small amounts of multi-year ice of Arctic Ocean origin drift to the western parts of the area from Lancaster Sound or Nares Strait; however, the multiyear ice from these waters does not usually reach the West Greenland shores. At the end of the freeze-up season, first-year ice in the thin and medium categories dominates in eastern parts (up to about 100 km from the Greenland coast). The western and central parts of the Davis Strait are dominated by medium and thick first-year ice categories, mixed locally with small amounts (1-3 tenths) of multi-year ice (Nazareth & Steensboe 1998) (Fig. 3.3.1). The local drift is to some extent controlled by the major surface current systems, the West Greenland Current and Baffin Island Current; however, the strength and direction of the surface winds also affect the local drift of sea ice, especially in the southern waters. Under normal conditions the multi-year sea ice (Storis) drifts to the Cape Farewell area in December/January depending on the low pressure system of the North Atlantic Ocean. In spring and summer, the low pressure system normally weakens and the Storis drift into Northeastern Labrador Sea or North-westward along the West Greenland coast. However, on average Storis drifts north of 63º N every second year, but the amount and presence of the Storis varies between these years. Storis has never been observed north of 63º N earlier than late February (Hansen et al. 2004).
Jan Feb May Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Figure 3.3.1. The monthly sea ice cover in 2010, January - December. Red and magenta indicate the very dense ice (8-10/10), while yellow indicates somewhat looser ice. The loosest ice (1-3/10) is not recorded. Images based on Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (AMSR and SMMR) and processed by the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) with support from the European Space Agency (ESA)'s PolarView project. The size of the common ice floes near the marginal ice zone in the Davis Strait are less than 100 metres as a result of melting and breakup by waves. These floes are often consolidated, forming extensive areas without any open water. The dominant size of ice floes range from large floes of about 1 km wide to vast floes larger than 10 km (Nazareth & Steensboe 1998). A sea ice drift pattern was studied north of the assessment area in April 2006 by Mosbech et al. (2007 and references therein). In April 2006 two satellite transmitters were deployed on the sea ice, west of Nuussuaq Peninsula. Their purpose was to track the movements of the drift ice. One was tracked until June, when it had moved approximately 500 km in total (entire length of track line), but overall it had only moved 66 km towards the southwest. The second transmitter was only tracked for a couple of days, when it moved 21 km towards the south (Mosbech et al. 2007). No specific sea ice drift patterns were observed during that study which suggest further experiments are required on this subject in the future. 3.3.2 Icebergs Icebergs differ from sea ice in many ways: • They originate from land • They produce freshwater on melting • They are deep-drafted, with appreciable heights above sea level • They are always considered as an serious local hazard to navigation and offshore activity Jun 57
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THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary stra
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AU THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary s
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Contents Preface 5 Summary and conc
Page 7 and 8: Preface The Bureau of Minerals and
Page 9 and 10: anks are normally ice free or have
Page 11 and 12: ed in large numbers in the assessme
Page 13 and 14: cetaceans (whales and harbour porpo
Page 15 and 16: placement and transport corridors.
Page 17 and 18: shrimp and Greenland halibut, for i
Page 19 and 20: Mitigation The risk of accidents an
Page 21 and 22: Miljøet Det pelagiske miljø De fy
Page 23 and 24: Fangst og udnyttelse Menneskelig ud
Page 25 and 26: Indenfor fiskeriet, er risikoen for
Page 27 and 28: Kumulative effekter Der vil være e
Page 29 and 30: dybde, kan muligvis ændre på konk
Page 31 and 32: ingsæl, spættet sæl, finhval, pu
Page 33 and 34: tassannga misilittagarineqalersut s
Page 35 and 36: Timmisat imarmiut amerlasoorsuit, q
Page 37 and 38: lu klimami pissutsinut atuutunut tu
Page 39 and 40: toqunartoqarneri arrortikkuminarner
Page 41 and 42: toqusarnermik taarserneqarluni, uum
Page 43 and 44: minguttitamiit ajoquserneqarsinnaan
Page 45 and 46: Kalaallit Nunaanni immikkut ulorian
Page 47 and 48: Figure 1.1.1. The assessment area,
Page 49 and 50: VEC = Valued Ecosystem Components V
Page 51 and 52: tings/well and in total 6,000 tons
Page 53 and 54: 2.9 Other activities Ship transport
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.2.1. Major sea surface cur
Page 57: 3.2.3 The coasts The coastal zone b
Page 61 and 62: Figure 3.3.3. Average sea ice exten
Page 63 and 64: Figure 3.3.4. Major iceberg sources
Page 65 and 66: 4 Biological environment 4.1 Primar
Page 67 and 68: Figure 4.1.1. Monthly progressions
Page 69 and 70: Figure 4.2.1. Calanus spp. biomass
Page 71 and 72: 69 Fish larvae are important compon
Page 73 and 74: Figure 4.2.4. Red dots indicate san
Page 75 and 76: focus should improve our understand
Page 77 and 78: The coastal zone of the assessment
Page 79 and 80: 183 macroalgal species (excl. the b
Page 81 and 82: Table 4.3.1. Distribution of macroa
Page 83 and 84: Chaetomorpha capillaris Chaetomorph
Page 85 and 86: egistered in the area. A similar pa
Page 87 and 88: The sea ice algal production in the
Page 89 and 90: 1990) and then north (mid-2000s) in
Page 91 and 92: September when they have reached a
Page 93 and 94: Salmon, Salmo salar Biology and dis
Page 95 and 96: tween 1 and 2.4 billion individuals
Page 97 and 98: It should be noted that the breedin
Page 99 and 100: 66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W 60°W Arcti
Page 101 and 102: Knowledge on habitat use of the win
Page 103 and 104: Great shearwater, Puffinus gravis T
Page 105 and 106: Common eider, Somateria mollissima
Page 107 and 108: Figures 4.7.7. At-sea distribution
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Figure 4.7.9. Distribution and inte
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Figure 4.7.11. At-sea distribution
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The Iceland gull has a favourable c
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Figure 4.7.12. Distribution and int
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Murres spend very long time on the
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The puffins are migratory, but thei
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Figure 4.7.16. Density of whitetail
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sonal communication 1984) varied wi
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Numbers: The status of the walrus s
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tively impacted by disturbance from
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surround the eyes and line the oral
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Sensitivity: Non-whelping hooded se
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winter in reoccurring leads and pol
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Critical and important habitats: Th
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Figure 4.8.6. The main frequency ra
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tude breeding grounds and high lati
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Figure 4.8.7. Migration routes for
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long-finned squid (Loligo pealei) (
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Until recently the abundance of har
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Figure 4.8.9. Main summer and winte
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4.9.1 Pelagic hotspots The shelf ba
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5 Natural resource use 5.1 Commerci
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66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W Snow crab c
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Figure 5.1.4. Distribution and size
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Salmon, Salmo salar The fishery for
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Figure 5.2.2. Annual number of king
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2003/04-2007/08 the catch averaged
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66°N 64°N 62°N 66°N 64°N 62°N
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Figure 5.2.6. The West Greenland ca
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Figure 5.3.1. The number of cruise
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6.2 National nature protection legi
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formation see the IBA website (http
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glaucous gulls, great black-backed
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7.2 Conclusions on contaminant leve
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structures containing up to 10 ring
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The current warming trends are ofte
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species interactions. In the review
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8.5 Marine mammals and seabirds The
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9 Impact assessment David Boertmann
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10 Impacts of the potential routine
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Impact of seismic noise on zoo- and
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type or timing of vocalisations. In
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detailed studies on the effect of s
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Table 10.1.1. Overview of potential
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een eliminated on the grounds of en
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10.3 Development and production act
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hydrocarbon activities in Greenland
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parts of the shelf. Activities in t
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Seabird hunting is widespread and i
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There is a risk of reduced availabi
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General knowledge on the potential
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week period after the Exxon Valdez
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In general, species with distinct s
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A study of the density and distribu
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majority of the biomass. From a bio
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waters longer. The coastal fishery
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Seal pups are very sensitive to dir
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indicates that similar long-term im
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other parameters. It should be note
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Autumn (September-November) During
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to oil spills and produced water. I
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12.2.1 Ecotoxicological Monitoring
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Andersen JB, Böcher J, Guttmann B,
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Anon (2011b). Selvstyrets bekendtg
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Blackwell SB, Lawson JW, Williams M
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Born EW (2003). Reproduction in mal
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Buch E, Nielsen MH, Pedersen SA (20
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Clark RC, Finley JS (1977). Effects
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Dietz R, Heide-Jørgensen MP (1995)
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Falk K, Møller S (1997). Breeding
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Gjertz I, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Wi
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Hansen JLS, Hjorth M, Rasmussen MB,
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Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL (201
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Horsted SA (2000). A review of the
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Jonas RF (1974). Prospect for the e
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Ketten DR, Lien J, Todd S (1993). B
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Lick R, Piatkowski U (1998). Stomac
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Melle W, Serigstad B, Ellertsen B (
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Mosbech A, Danø R, Merkel FR, Sonn
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Nielsen OK, Lyck E, Mikkelsen MH, H
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Parry GD, Gason A (2006). The effec
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Popper AN, Fewtrell J, Smith ME, Mc
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Rivkin RB, Tian R, Anderson MR, Pay
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Schaaning MT, Trannum HC, Øxnevad
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Simpson AC, Howell BR, Warren PJ (1
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Taylor MK, Akeeagok S, Andriashek D
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Wegeberg S, Bangsholt J, Dolmer P,
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The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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