The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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6 Protected areas and threatened species 166 6.1 International nature protection conventions 166 6.2 National nature protection legislation 167 6.3 Threatened species 167 6.4 NGO designated areas 168 7 Contaminants, background levels and effects 170 7.1 AMAP Monitoring Activities 170 7.2 Conclusions on contamitant levels 173 7.3 Biological effects 173 8 Impacts of climate change 176 8.1 General context 176 8.2 Primary production and zooplankton 177 8.3 Benthic fauna 178 8.4 Fish and shellfish 179 8.5 Marine mammals and seabirds 181 8.6 Conclusions 181 9 Impact assessment 183 9.1 Methodology and scope 183 10 Impacts of the potential routine activities 185 10.1 Exploration activities 185 10.2 Appraisal activities 196 10.3 Development and production activities 197 10.4 Decommissioning 205 11 Impacts from accidental oils spills 206 11.1 Oil spills 206 11.2 Oil spills impacts on the environment 209 11.3 Oil spill sensitivity mapping 221 12 Preliminary identification of imformation needs and knowledge gaps for environmental management and regulation of oil acitivities in Davis Strait 226 12.1 Knowledge gaps 226 12.2 Knowledge gaps generic to the arctic 228 12.3 Proposal for a new environmental study programme 229 13 References 230
Preface The Bureau of Minerals and Petroleum (BMP) is planning for further exclusive licences for exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbons in the Greenland offshore areas of Davis Strait. To support the decision process BMP has asked DCE - Danish Centre for Environment and Energy and the Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR) to prepare this preliminary Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) for the eastern Davis Strait between 62° and 67° N. If more licences are granted, implementation of an environmental background study program is planned in order to fill the data gaps that have been identified and provide information required to support the environmental planning and regulation of the oil activities. The new information will be included in an updated SEIA, which will become the new reference document for the environmental work and substitute this preliminary version. Acknowledgement For comments and valuable suggestions to earlier draft sections of this report, thanks to Dorte Krause-Jensen (AU), Kristine Arendt (GINR), Torkel Gissel Nielsen (DTU-Aqua), Morten Hjorth (AU) and Kaj Sünksen (GINR), and Kristin Laidre (GINR and PSC) for making data on krill and capelin abundance available. 5
Page 1 and 2: THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary stra
Page 3 and 4: AU THE DAVIS STRAIT A preliminary s
Page 5: Contents Preface 5 Summary and conc
Page 9 and 10: anks are normally ice free or have
Page 11 and 12: ed in large numbers in the assessme
Page 13 and 14: cetaceans (whales and harbour porpo
Page 15 and 16: placement and transport corridors.
Page 17 and 18: shrimp and Greenland halibut, for i
Page 19 and 20: Mitigation The risk of accidents an
Page 21 and 22: Miljøet Det pelagiske miljø De fy
Page 23 and 24: Fangst og udnyttelse Menneskelig ud
Page 25 and 26: Indenfor fiskeriet, er risikoen for
Page 27 and 28: Kumulative effekter Der vil være e
Page 29 and 30: dybde, kan muligvis ændre på konk
Page 31 and 32: ingsæl, spættet sæl, finhval, pu
Page 33 and 34: tassannga misilittagarineqalersut s
Page 35 and 36: Timmisat imarmiut amerlasoorsuit, q
Page 37 and 38: lu klimami pissutsinut atuutunut tu
Page 39 and 40: toqunartoqarneri arrortikkuminarner
Page 41 and 42: toqusarnermik taarserneqarluni, uum
Page 43 and 44: minguttitamiit ajoquserneqarsinnaan
Page 45 and 46: Kalaallit Nunaanni immikkut ulorian
Page 47 and 48: Figure 1.1.1. The assessment area,
Page 49 and 50: VEC = Valued Ecosystem Components V
Page 51 and 52: tings/well and in total 6,000 tons
Page 53 and 54: 2.9 Other activities Ship transport
Page 55 and 56: Figure 3.2.1. Major sea surface cur
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3.2.3 The coasts The coastal zone b
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Jan Feb May Apr May Jul Aug Sep Oct
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Figure 3.3.3. Average sea ice exten
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Figure 3.3.4. Major iceberg sources
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4 Biological environment 4.1 Primar
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Figure 4.1.1. Monthly progressions
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Figure 4.2.1. Calanus spp. biomass
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69 Fish larvae are important compon
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Figure 4.2.4. Red dots indicate san
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focus should improve our understand
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The coastal zone of the assessment
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183 macroalgal species (excl. the b
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Table 4.3.1. Distribution of macroa
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Chaetomorpha capillaris Chaetomorph
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egistered in the area. A similar pa
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The sea ice algal production in the
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1990) and then north (mid-2000s) in
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September when they have reached a
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Salmon, Salmo salar Biology and dis
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tween 1 and 2.4 billion individuals
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It should be noted that the breedin
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66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W 60°W Arcti
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Knowledge on habitat use of the win
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Great shearwater, Puffinus gravis T
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Common eider, Somateria mollissima
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Figures 4.7.7. At-sea distribution
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Figure 4.7.9. Distribution and inte
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Figure 4.7.11. At-sea distribution
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The Iceland gull has a favourable c
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Figure 4.7.12. Distribution and int
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Murres spend very long time on the
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The puffins are migratory, but thei
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Figure 4.7.16. Density of whitetail
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sonal communication 1984) varied wi
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Numbers: The status of the walrus s
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tively impacted by disturbance from
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surround the eyes and line the oral
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Sensitivity: Non-whelping hooded se
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winter in reoccurring leads and pol
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Critical and important habitats: Th
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Figure 4.8.6. The main frequency ra
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tude breeding grounds and high lati
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Figure 4.8.7. Migration routes for
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long-finned squid (Loligo pealei) (
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Until recently the abundance of har
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Figure 4.8.9. Main summer and winte
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4.9.1 Pelagic hotspots The shelf ba
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5 Natural resource use 5.1 Commerci
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66°N 64°N 62°N 60°W Snow crab c
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Figure 5.1.4. Distribution and size
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Salmon, Salmo salar The fishery for
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Figure 5.2.2. Annual number of king
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2003/04-2007/08 the catch averaged
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66°N 64°N 62°N 66°N 64°N 62°N
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Figure 5.2.6. The West Greenland ca
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Figure 5.3.1. The number of cruise
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6.2 National nature protection legi
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formation see the IBA website (http
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glaucous gulls, great black-backed
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7.2 Conclusions on contaminant leve
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structures containing up to 10 ring
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The current warming trends are ofte
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species interactions. In the review
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8.5 Marine mammals and seabirds The
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9 Impact assessment David Boertmann
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10 Impacts of the potential routine
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Impact of seismic noise on zoo- and
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type or timing of vocalisations. In
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detailed studies on the effect of s
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Table 10.1.1. Overview of potential
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een eliminated on the grounds of en
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10.3 Development and production act
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hydrocarbon activities in Greenland
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parts of the shelf. Activities in t
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Seabird hunting is widespread and i
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There is a risk of reduced availabi
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General knowledge on the potential
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week period after the Exxon Valdez
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In general, species with distinct s
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A study of the density and distribu
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majority of the biomass. From a bio
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waters longer. The coastal fishery
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Seal pups are very sensitive to dir
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indicates that similar long-term im
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other parameters. It should be note
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Autumn (September-November) During
Page 229 and 230:
to oil spills and produced water. I
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12.2.1 Ecotoxicological Monitoring
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Andersen JB, Böcher J, Guttmann B,
Page 235 and 236:
Anon (2011b). Selvstyrets bekendtg
Page 237 and 238:
Blackwell SB, Lawson JW, Williams M
Page 239 and 240:
Born EW (2003). Reproduction in mal
Page 241 and 242:
Buch E, Nielsen MH, Pedersen SA (20
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Clark RC, Finley JS (1977). Effects
Page 245 and 246:
Dietz R, Heide-Jørgensen MP (1995)
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Falk K, Møller S (1997). Breeding
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Gjertz I, Kovacs KM, Lydersen C, Wi
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Hansen JLS, Hjorth M, Rasmussen MB,
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Heide-Jørgensen MP, Laidre KL (201
Page 255 and 256:
Horsted SA (2000). A review of the
Page 257 and 258:
Jonas RF (1974). Prospect for the e
Page 259 and 260:
Ketten DR, Lien J, Todd S (1993). B
Page 261 and 262:
Lick R, Piatkowski U (1998). Stomac
Page 263 and 264:
Melle W, Serigstad B, Ellertsen B (
Page 265 and 266:
Mosbech A, Danø R, Merkel FR, Sonn
Page 267 and 268:
Nielsen OK, Lyck E, Mikkelsen MH, H
Page 269 and 270:
Parry GD, Gason A (2006). The effec
Page 271 and 272:
Popper AN, Fewtrell J, Smith ME, Mc
Page 273 and 274:
Rivkin RB, Tian R, Anderson MR, Pay
Page 275 and 276:
Schaaning MT, Trannum HC, Øxnevad
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Simpson AC, Howell BR, Warren PJ (1
Page 279 and 280:
Taylor MK, Akeeagok S, Andriashek D
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Wegeberg S, Bangsholt J, Dolmer P,
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The Davis Strait - DCE - Nationalt Center for Miljø og Energi

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