e at least effective as forest guards and could draw on conservation or forest guard support where necessary. It is recommended that the preparation <strong>of</strong> the extracts resemble the methods <strong>of</strong> preparation which are used by the people. In that way more positive results can be found. It is also recommended that further work be done on the isolation and the identification <strong>of</strong> the most effective antimicrobial compounds responsible for the inhibition <strong>of</strong> the micro-organisms tested. This study lends thus some support to traditional knowledge and may serve as a basis for selecting the most active medicinal plants to use in traditional medicine practices in the future. 101
REFERENCES Acocks, J.P.H., 1988. Veld types <strong>of</strong> South Africa, Edition 3. Memoirs <strong>of</strong> botanical survey <strong>of</strong> South Africa No 57. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria. Adamu, H.M., Abayeh, O.J., Agho, M.O., Abdulahi, A.L., Uba, A., Dukku, H.U., Wufem, B.M., 2004. An ethnobotanical survey <strong>of</strong> Bauchi State herbal plants and their antimicrobial activity. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ethnopharmacology 99: 1-4. Akerreta, S., Cavero, R.Y., Calvo, M.I., 2007. First comprehensive contribution to medical ethnobotany <strong>of</strong> western Pyrenees. Journal <strong>of</strong> Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 3: 26. Ambrosius, P., 2003. How the Barberton daisy got its name. Journal <strong>of</strong> Veld and Flora 89(1): 30. Aymerich, S., Gonzy-Treboul, G. Steinmets, M., 1986. 5’-Noncoding region sac R is the target <strong>of</strong> all identified regulation affecting the levansucrase gene in Bacillus subtilis. Journal <strong>of</strong> Bacteriology 166: 993-998. Banquar, S.R., 1995. The role <strong>of</strong> traditional medicine in rural environment. In: Issaq, S., (editor), Traditional medicine in Africa, East Africa Educational Publishers Ltd., Nairobi, pp. 141-142. Benson, J., Margulis, L., 2002. The Gunnera manitica - Nostoc symbiosis: Is the red stipulate tissue symbiogenetic? Biology and Environment: proceeding <strong>of</strong> the Royal Irish Academy 102b: 45-48. Bergman, B., Johansson, C., Söderbäck, E., 1992. Tansley Review No. 42: the Nostoc – Gunnera symbiosis. New Phytologist 122: 379–400. Bohlmann, F., Zdero, C., King, R.M., Robinson, H., 1980. New sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents from Fitchia speciosa. Phytochemistry 19: 1141-1143. 102
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Antimicrobial activity testing of t
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3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Plants used
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Appendix I: Research questionnaire
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2.5 Sensitivity table of MDR Gram p
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2n diploid Abbreviations ATCC Ameri
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Dedication My sincere thanks and gr
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Plants have
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legislation in South Africa, which
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1.1 OBJECTIVES The objectives of th
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Table 2.1 Plants that were collecte
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Scientific names Zulu names Parts u
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Surname Gender Place Age-range M. D
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Antibiotics Escherichia coli U16403
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Dragendorff’s reagent Ethanol (Fe
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The plates were observed for the pr
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2.6.4 Anthraquinones Dried plant ma
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3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 ETHNOBOT
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3.2.1 Scientific name : Acanthosper
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Medicinal uses The Acorus calamus i
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Figure 3.5 The fruits of Albizia ad
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Botanical description Baccharoides
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Data from ethnobotanical survey The
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3.2.7 Scientific name : Hypoxis hem
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3.2.8 Scientific name : Faurea sali
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emerge from the crown and bear a si
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Conservation status The species is
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3.2.12 Scientific name : Lippia jav
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3.2.13 Scientific name : Pentanisia
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Botanical description The marula is
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The lobed discolorous leaves, the m
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Figure 3.21 The leaves of Trichilia
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