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Figure 3.5 The fruits of Albizia adianthifolia. (www.plantzafrica.com/plantab/albiziadian.htm) The fruit is a thin pod with a conspicuous margin and veins. As the pod dehisces and opens up, the margins often persist as the centre parts falls off. The seeds are flat and brown (Lewis et al., 2005). Distribution It usually occurs in moist tropical areas such as forests, as well as in areas that are transitional to woodland. Geographically, it is distributed from the northern parts of the Eastern Cape in South Africa, throughout the tropical countries up into Senegal in the west and Ethiopia in the east of Africa. It also occurs on Madagascar (Krige, 2007). Conservation status Although this species is not threatened at the moment, over-exploitation and the ring-barking of trees for the medicinally important bark are becoming more and more common (Krige, 2007). Medicinal uses Aqueous lotions made from a pounded bark and roots are used for eczema and other itchy skin complaints. Roots pounded in a small amount of water are used to make drops for inflammation of the eyes. The bark is used to make love charm emetics, and enemas are administered to pregnant women to clear their urine. It can 27
e powdered and taken as a snuff for treating headaches. The bark is, furthermore, used to treat bronchitis in Maputo. The Vhavenda use the leaves and roots for stomachache, toothache, dysentery, haemmorhoids and as purgatives; and roots for improving memory and for inflammation of the eyes (Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk, 1962). Data from ethnobotanical survey The bark is boiled and the resulting water is prepared as an enema to be taken for sores on the body (Gumede 2007, pers. comm.). Chemical content Its pods contain 3.5% of tannin. Large amounts of histamine (+2 mg/g dry tissue) were found in the bark, roots, trunk and branches. Acetylhistamine and imidazole acetic acid and other minor imidazole compounds were also detected in the bark (Hutchings et.al. 1996). 3.2.4 Scientific name : Baccharoides adoensis (= Vernonia adoensis) Isawumi, Zulu name : Inyathelo El-Ghazaly & B. Nord Common name : The English name could not be found. Figure 3.6 A flowering Baccharoides adoensis. (www.sntc.org.sz/flora/photo.asp?phid=z329) 28
Page 1 and 2: Antimicrobial activity testing of t
Page 3 and 4: 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Plants used
Page 5 and 6: Appendix I: Research questionnaire
Page 7 and 8: 2.5 Sensitivity table of MDR Gram p
Page 9 and 10: 2n diploid Abbreviations ATCC Ameri
Page 11 and 12: Dedication My sincere thanks and gr
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Plants have
Page 16 and 17: legislation in South Africa, which
Page 18 and 19: 1.1 OBJECTIVES The objectives of th
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.1 Plants that were collecte
Page 22 and 23: Scientific names Zulu names Parts u
Page 24 and 25: Surname Gender Place Age-range M. D
Page 26 and 27: Antibiotics Escherichia coli U16403
Page 28 and 29: Dragendorff’s reagent Ethanol (Fe
Page 30 and 31: The plates were observed for the pr
Page 32 and 33: 2.6.4 Anthraquinones Dried plant ma
Page 34 and 35: 3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 ETHNOBOT
Page 36 and 37: 3.2.1 Scientific name : Acanthosper
Page 38 and 39: Medicinal uses The Acorus calamus i
Page 42 and 43: Botanical description Baccharoides
Page 44 and 45: Data from ethnobotanical survey The
Page 46 and 47: 3.2.7 Scientific name : Hypoxis hem
Page 48 and 49: 3.2.8 Scientific name : Faurea sali
Page 50 and 51: emerge from the crown and bear a si
Page 52 and 53: Conservation status The species is
Page 54 and 55: 3.2.12 Scientific name : Lippia jav
Page 56 and 57: 3.2.13 Scientific name : Pentanisia
Page 58 and 59: Botanical description The marula is
Page 60 and 61: The lobed discolorous leaves, the m
Page 62 and 63: Figure 3.21 The leaves of Trichilia
Page 64 and 65: 3.2.17 Scientific name : Warburgia
Page 66 and 67: 3.2.18 Scientific name : Ziziphus m
Page 68 and 69: According to the interviews that we
Page 70 and 71: CHAPTER 4 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY 4.
Page 72 and 73: factor in selecting resistant micro
Page 74 and 75: present in a cow’s udder or equip
Page 76 and 77: haemolysins, leukocidin, and perhap
Page 78 and 79: 4.4.2 Disc diffusion results The di
Page 80 and 81: Table 4.15 Comparison of results ob
Page 82 and 83: PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA Dis
Page 86 and 87: PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA4790
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result ECU164
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The use of American Type Culture Co
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mentioned strain which were Acantho
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In this study it was found that Aco
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 5 PHYTOCHE
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cleansers. They are used in Ayurved
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Plant species Alkaloids Flavonoids
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Trichilia dregeana in this study wh
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Rf =Distance moved by the compound/
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Figure 6.5 The TLC plate (left) and
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6.3 DISCUSSION The bio-autoautograp
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the results obtained from the agar
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e at least effective as forest guar
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Brain, K.R., Turner T.D., 1975. The
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Howard, P.L., 2003. Women and Plant
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McGaw, L.J., Jager, A.K., van Stade
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Portillo, A., Vila, R., Freixa, B.,
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Van Vuuren, S., 2007. The antimicro
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APPENDIX I: Research Questionnaire
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___________________________________
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APPENDIX II: Antimicrobial activity
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a + 2 Average Calculation of result
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Sensitivity of different bacteria a
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Table 4.7 Results of sensitivity of
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MIC results in mg/ml ATTC CULTURES
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Table 4.12 Minimum inhibitory conce
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