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4.13 Minimum inhibitory concentrations results for the hot water plant extracts. 143 4.14 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Bacillus subtilis. 65 4.15 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Klebsiella pneumonia. 67 4.16 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus. 68 4.17 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Escherichia coli. 69 4.18 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus (P5020). 71 4.19 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus (4790). 72 4.20 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus (T1266). 73 4.21 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Escherichia coli (1505s). 75 4.22 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Escherichia coli (U16406). 76 4.23 Comparison of results obtained for antibacterial testing against Escherichia coli (U16403). 77 4.24 Known antibacterial activities of the plant species tested in this study. 81 5.1 Phytochemical screening results. 88
2n diploid Abbreviations ATCC American Type Culture Collection CFU Colony Forming Units DMSO Dimethylsulfoxide EC Escherichia coli INT Iodonitro-tetrazolium KP Klebsiella pneumonia MDR Multi drug resistant MH Meuller-Hinton MIC Minimum inhibitory concentration SA Staphylococcus aureus TLC Thin Layer Chromatography
Page 1 and 2: Antimicrobial activity testing of t
Page 3 and 4: 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Plants used
Page 5 and 6: Appendix I: Research questionnaire
Page 7: 2.5 Sensitivity table of MDR Gram p
Page 11 and 12: Dedication My sincere thanks and gr
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Plants have
Page 16 and 17: legislation in South Africa, which
Page 18 and 19: 1.1 OBJECTIVES The objectives of th
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.1 Plants that were collecte
Page 22 and 23: Scientific names Zulu names Parts u
Page 24 and 25: Surname Gender Place Age-range M. D
Page 26 and 27: Antibiotics Escherichia coli U16403
Page 28 and 29: Dragendorff’s reagent Ethanol (Fe
Page 30 and 31: The plates were observed for the pr
Page 32 and 33: 2.6.4 Anthraquinones Dried plant ma
Page 34 and 35: 3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 ETHNOBOT
Page 36 and 37: 3.2.1 Scientific name : Acanthosper
Page 38 and 39: Medicinal uses The Acorus calamus i
Page 40 and 41: Figure 3.5 The fruits of Albizia ad
Page 42 and 43: Botanical description Baccharoides
Page 44 and 45: Data from ethnobotanical survey The
Page 46 and 47: 3.2.7 Scientific name : Hypoxis hem
Page 48 and 49: 3.2.8 Scientific name : Faurea sali
Page 50 and 51: emerge from the crown and bear a si
Page 52 and 53: Conservation status The species is
Page 54 and 55: 3.2.12 Scientific name : Lippia jav
Page 56 and 57: 3.2.13 Scientific name : Pentanisia
Page 58 and 59:
Botanical description The marula is
Page 60 and 61:
The lobed discolorous leaves, the m
Page 62 and 63:
Figure 3.21 The leaves of Trichilia
Page 64 and 65:
3.2.17 Scientific name : Warburgia
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3.2.18 Scientific name : Ziziphus m
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According to the interviews that we
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CHAPTER 4 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY 4.
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factor in selecting resistant micro
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present in a cow’s udder or equip
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haemolysins, leukocidin, and perhap
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4.4.2 Disc diffusion results The di
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Table 4.15 Comparison of results ob
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA Dis
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA4790
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result ECU164
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The use of American Type Culture Co
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mentioned strain which were Acantho
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In this study it was found that Aco
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 5 PHYTOCHE
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cleansers. They are used in Ayurved
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Plant species Alkaloids Flavonoids
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Trichilia dregeana in this study wh
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Rf =Distance moved by the compound/
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Figure 6.5 The TLC plate (left) and
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6.3 DISCUSSION The bio-autoautograp
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the results obtained from the agar
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e at least effective as forest guar
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Brain, K.R., Turner T.D., 1975. The
Page 118 and 119:
Howard, P.L., 2003. Women and Plant
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McGaw, L.J., Jager, A.K., van Stade
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Portillo, A., Vila, R., Freixa, B.,
Page 124 and 125:
Van Vuuren, S., 2007. The antimicro
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APPENDIX I: Research Questionnaire
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___________________________________
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APPENDIX II: Antimicrobial activity
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a + 2 Average Calculation of result
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Sensitivity of different bacteria a
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Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Table 4.7 Results of sensitivity of
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Page 146 and 147:
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MIC results in mg/ml ATTC CULTURES
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Table 4.12 Minimum inhibitory conce
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158:
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