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Table 2.1 Plants that were collected and tested for antimicrobial activity. Scientific Name Zulu name Parts used Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) O. K Kuntze Umgwaqeni Leaves, stem 7 Voucher no. Interviewee NSM2 Nkwanyana Acorus calamus L. Kalumuzi Stem Specimen from Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W. F. Wight Baccharoides adoensis (Sch. Bip. Ex Walp.) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B. Nord. Clerodendrum hirsutum (Hchst.) H. Pearson Combretum erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond. Faurea saligna Harv. Gerbera ambigua (Cass.) Sch. Bip. Gunnera perpensa L. Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. Hypoxis hemerocallidea muthi market 2007, pers. comm Zondo 2007, pers. comm Usolo Bark NSM26 Gumede 2007, Inyathelo Leaves, stem Umathanjana Leaves, stem pers. comm. NSM28 Dindi 2007, Specimen from muthi market pers. comm. Umdubu Stem NSM22 Zondo 2007, pers. comm. Isigqalaba Bark NSM29 Mhlongo 2007, Uhlambihlosha na pers. comm. Leaves NSM9 Mhlongo 2007, pers. comm. Ugobho Corm NSM30 Ngema 2007, pers. comm. Unsukumbili Leaves NSM17 Dindi 2007, pers. comm. Ilabatheka Corm NSM1 Ngema 2007, pers. comm.
Scientific Name Zulu name Parts Lippia javanica (Burm. f.) Spreng Pentanisia prunelloides (Klotzsch ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst Solanum aculeastrum Dun Trichilia dregeana Sond. Warburgia salutaris (Bertol. f.) Chiov used Umsuzwane Leaves, stem Icishamlilo Roots Specimen from 8 Voucher no. Interviewee NSM10 Mhlongo 2007, muthi market pers. comm. Dindi 2007, pers. comm. Umganu Bark NSM18 Mhlongo 2007, pers. comm. Intuma Roots NSM14 Mathenjwa 2007, pers. comm. Umkhuhlu Leaves NSM13 Mhlongo 2007, pers. comm. Isibhaha Leaves NSM31 Lithuli 2007, pers. comm. Ziziphus mucronata Umlahlankosi Leaves NSM12 Gcabashe 2007, pers.comm. Table 2.2 Plants that were not tested for antimicrobial activity. Scientific names Zulu names Parts used Interviewee Achyropsis avicularis (E. Ibohlololo Leaves Myeza 2007, Mey. Ex Moq.) Cooke & Wright pers. comm. Aizoon canariense L. Umadinsane Leaves Gumede 2007, pers. comm. Bherkheya sp. Ushwawu Leaves Dindi 2007, pers. comm. Blumea alata (D. Don) Ugodide Roots Msimang DC 2007, pers. comm. Calilepis laureda DC. Impila Roots Luthuli 2007, pers. comm.
Page 1 and 2: Antimicrobial activity testing of t
Page 3 and 4: 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Plants used
Page 5 and 6: Appendix I: Research questionnaire
Page 7 and 8: 2.5 Sensitivity table of MDR Gram p
Page 9 and 10: 2n diploid Abbreviations ATCC Ameri
Page 11 and 12: Dedication My sincere thanks and gr
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Plants have
Page 16 and 17: legislation in South Africa, which
Page 18 and 19: 1.1 OBJECTIVES The objectives of th
Page 22 and 23: Scientific names Zulu names Parts u
Page 24 and 25: Surname Gender Place Age-range M. D
Page 26 and 27: Antibiotics Escherichia coli U16403
Page 28 and 29: Dragendorff’s reagent Ethanol (Fe
Page 30 and 31: The plates were observed for the pr
Page 32 and 33: 2.6.4 Anthraquinones Dried plant ma
Page 34 and 35: 3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 ETHNOBOT
Page 36 and 37: 3.2.1 Scientific name : Acanthosper
Page 38 and 39: Medicinal uses The Acorus calamus i
Page 40 and 41: Figure 3.5 The fruits of Albizia ad
Page 42 and 43: Botanical description Baccharoides
Page 44 and 45: Data from ethnobotanical survey The
Page 46 and 47: 3.2.7 Scientific name : Hypoxis hem
Page 48 and 49: 3.2.8 Scientific name : Faurea sali
Page 50 and 51: emerge from the crown and bear a si
Page 52 and 53: Conservation status The species is
Page 54 and 55: 3.2.12 Scientific name : Lippia jav
Page 56 and 57: 3.2.13 Scientific name : Pentanisia
Page 58 and 59: Botanical description The marula is
Page 60 and 61: The lobed discolorous leaves, the m
Page 62 and 63: Figure 3.21 The leaves of Trichilia
Page 64 and 65: 3.2.17 Scientific name : Warburgia
Page 66 and 67: 3.2.18 Scientific name : Ziziphus m
Page 68 and 69: According to the interviews that we
Page 70 and 71:
CHAPTER 4 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY 4.
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factor in selecting resistant micro
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present in a cow’s udder or equip
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haemolysins, leukocidin, and perhap
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4.4.2 Disc diffusion results The di
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Table 4.15 Comparison of results ob
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA Dis
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA4790
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result ECU164
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The use of American Type Culture Co
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mentioned strain which were Acantho
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In this study it was found that Aco
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 5 PHYTOCHE
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cleansers. They are used in Ayurved
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Plant species Alkaloids Flavonoids
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Trichilia dregeana in this study wh
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Rf =Distance moved by the compound/
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Figure 6.5 The TLC plate (left) and
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6.3 DISCUSSION The bio-autoautograp
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the results obtained from the agar
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e at least effective as forest guar
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Brain, K.R., Turner T.D., 1975. The
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Howard, P.L., 2003. Women and Plant
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McGaw, L.J., Jager, A.K., van Stade
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Portillo, A., Vila, R., Freixa, B.,
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Van Vuuren, S., 2007. The antimicro
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APPENDIX I: Research Questionnaire
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___________________________________
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APPENDIX II: Antimicrobial activity
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a + 2 Average Calculation of result
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Sensitivity of different bacteria a
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Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Table 4.7 Results of sensitivity of
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Page 146 and 147:
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MIC results in mg/ml ATTC CULTURES
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Table 4.12 Minimum inhibitory conce
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Page 158:
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