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3.22 Flowering stage of Trichilia dregeana. 49 3.23 The leaves of Warbugia salutaris. 51 3.24 The flowers, leaves and mature tree of Ziziphus mucronata. 53 6.1 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Trichilia dregeana. 93 6.2 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Pentanisia prunelloides. 93 6.3 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Lippia javanica. 94 6.4 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Hypoxis hemerocallidea. 94 6.5 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Gunnera perpensa. 95 6.6 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Warbugia salutaris. 95 6.7 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Hypericum aethiopicum. 96 6.8 TLC plate and bio-autographic assay results plate of Combretum erythrophyllum. 96 List of tables 2.1 Plants that were collected and tested for antimicrobial activity. 7 2.2 Plants that were not tested for antimicrobial activity. 8 2.3 Profile of the participants. 9 2.4 Sensitivity table of MDR Gram negative bacteria against different antibiotics. 12
2.5 Sensitivity table of MDR Gram positive bacteria against different antibiotics. 13 3.1 The age range of passing on of the knowledge through generations. 55 4.1 Physical description of bacterial strains used. 64 4.2 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against acetone plant extracts. 117 4.3 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against methanol plant extracts. 119 4.4 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against cold water plant extracts. 121 4.5 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against hot water plant extracts. 124 4.6 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against acetone plant extracts. 126 4.7 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against methanol plant extracts. 129 4.8 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against cold water plant extracts. 131 4.9 Results of sensitivity of different bacteria against acetone plant extracts. 134 4.10 Minimum inhibitory concentrations results for the acetone plant extracts. 136 4.11 Minimum inhibitory concentrations results for the methanol plant extracts. 138 4.12 Minimum inhibitory concentrations results for the methanol plant extracts. 141
Page 1 and 2: Antimicrobial activity testing of t
Page 3 and 4: 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Plants used
Page 5: Appendix I: Research questionnaire
Page 9 and 10: 2n diploid Abbreviations ATCC Ameri
Page 11 and 12: Dedication My sincere thanks and gr
Page 14 and 15: CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Plants have
Page 16 and 17: legislation in South Africa, which
Page 18 and 19: 1.1 OBJECTIVES The objectives of th
Page 20 and 21: Table 2.1 Plants that were collecte
Page 22 and 23: Scientific names Zulu names Parts u
Page 24 and 25: Surname Gender Place Age-range M. D
Page 26 and 27: Antibiotics Escherichia coli U16403
Page 28 and 29: Dragendorff’s reagent Ethanol (Fe
Page 30 and 31: The plates were observed for the pr
Page 32 and 33: 2.6.4 Anthraquinones Dried plant ma
Page 34 and 35: 3.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 3 ETHNOBOT
Page 36 and 37: 3.2.1 Scientific name : Acanthosper
Page 38 and 39: Medicinal uses The Acorus calamus i
Page 40 and 41: Figure 3.5 The fruits of Albizia ad
Page 42 and 43: Botanical description Baccharoides
Page 44 and 45: Data from ethnobotanical survey The
Page 46 and 47: 3.2.7 Scientific name : Hypoxis hem
Page 48 and 49: 3.2.8 Scientific name : Faurea sali
Page 50 and 51: emerge from the crown and bear a si
Page 52 and 53: Conservation status The species is
Page 54 and 55: 3.2.12 Scientific name : Lippia jav
Page 56 and 57:
3.2.13 Scientific name : Pentanisia
Page 58 and 59:
Botanical description The marula is
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The lobed discolorous leaves, the m
Page 62 and 63:
Figure 3.21 The leaves of Trichilia
Page 64 and 65:
3.2.17 Scientific name : Warburgia
Page 66 and 67:
3.2.18 Scientific name : Ziziphus m
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According to the interviews that we
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CHAPTER 4 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY 4.
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factor in selecting resistant micro
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present in a cow’s udder or equip
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haemolysins, leukocidin, and perhap
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4.4.2 Disc diffusion results The di
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Table 4.15 Comparison of results ob
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA Dis
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result SA4790
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PLANT NAMES Agar well result ECU164
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The use of American Type Culture Co
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mentioned strain which were Acantho
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In this study it was found that Aco
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5.1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 5 PHYTOCHE
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cleansers. They are used in Ayurved
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Plant species Alkaloids Flavonoids
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Trichilia dregeana in this study wh
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Rf =Distance moved by the compound/
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Figure 6.5 The TLC plate (left) and
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6.3 DISCUSSION The bio-autoautograp
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the results obtained from the agar
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e at least effective as forest guar
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Brain, K.R., Turner T.D., 1975. The
Page 118 and 119:
Howard, P.L., 2003. Women and Plant
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McGaw, L.J., Jager, A.K., van Stade
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Portillo, A., Vila, R., Freixa, B.,
Page 124 and 125:
Van Vuuren, S., 2007. The antimicro
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APPENDIX I: Research Questionnaire
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___________________________________
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APPENDIX II: Antimicrobial activity
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a + 2 Average Calculation of result
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Sensitivity of different bacteria a
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Page 140 and 141:
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Table 4.7 Results of sensitivity of
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MIC results in mg/ml ATTC CULTURES
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Table 4.12 Minimum inhibitory conce
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