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Ireland and the Making of Britain man," a Saxon, who smote a monk of his household and cut his girdle with a spear. Aidan, the Irish king in Scotland, fought the English and defeated them at Lethredh, c. 590, losing two of his sons and three hundred men. Adamnan tells us that on the night of the battle Colum- cille suddenly said to his minister Diarmuid, "Ring the bell." The brethren startled by the sound proceeded quickly to the church with the holy prelate himself at their head. Then he began on bended knees to say to them: "Let us pray now earnestly to the Lord for this people and King Aidan, for they are engaging in battle at this moment." Then after a short time he went out to the oratory and looking up to heaven said: "The bar- barians are falling now and to Aidan is given the victory a sad one tho it be." 1 On another occasion a reference to "marauding savages" (barbari bellatores) indicates the presence of English in the neighborhood. 2 A century after the reputed landing of Hengist and Horsa had to pass before the Angles colonized Northum- bria. Spreading westward and northward the English tribes at last came in contact with the Irish Scots of Cale- donia, and some of the native Anglian rulers fleeing from fratricidal strife found refuge with other English abo- rigines in lona and Ireland. So Englishman and Irishman began to meet in peaceful intercourse, the one the unredeemed and primeval savage, the other the represen- tative of an immemorial civilization and of the highest culture and purest Christianity of his age. Such contact with civilization was necessary if the English native was to be raised from his secular degradaiFordun (Scotichr. iii, 29) Identifies this battle, described as the battle of Miathi in Adamnan (I, viii), with the battle of Wodenysburgh, mentioned by the Saxon Chronicle at 591, and places it near Chester. Ussher and Chalmers identify it with the battle of Lethrigh, recorded by Tighnernach in 591 (Reeves' Adamnan, 34). 2Adamnan*s Vita Columbae (ed., Reeves) I, xxxv. 202
Reclaiming the English Tribes tion. He himself provided conclusive proof that of himself the barbarian could do nothing, and left to himself was likely to remain a barbarian to the end of time. On this very point some illuminating words have been uttered: ''How far human nature is capable by its own efforts of perfecting and developing itself we need not seek far for an example. If such an experiment will satisfy anyone, that experiment was tried here under the most favorable conditions. A century and a half elapsed from their (our Saxon forefathers') first settlement in this island before the first sound of the gospel was heard among them. What is the result? What steps have they taken on the roads of progress and improvement? What advancement in letters; what dawnings of science; what emancipation from the ancient paganism? Have they built up themselves? Have they built up a nation? Is there any improvement of any kind whatsoever at the end of 150 years more than there was at the beginning? None, rather the reverse. Their paganism has grown coarser, deeper, darker; their political confusions and convulsions more hopeless; their tendencies more savage and restless; their culture is an absolute blank. That any nation or any man can by his own efforts erect 'himself above himself/ is the veriest delusion that ever imposed itself on the brain of the thoughtless and unwary. For whatever the Anglo-Saxons have since become they are indebted to an influence external to themselves. Had it not been for Christianity they must have remained for- ever in this ancient barbarism, making no improvement but sinking deeper into confusion frdm age to age. It brought them not only higher hopes but literature, arts and science in its train." 1 1 Preface to Works of Giraldus Cambrensis, Rolls Series, IV, edited by J. S. Brewer. 203
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IRELAND AND THE MAKING OF BRITAIN 1
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CONTENTS IPTER ?AGE PREFACE ix I. T
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Contents CHAPTER PAGE XIII. IRISH P
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CHAPTER V INSULA SANCTORUM ET DOCTO
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CHAPTER XXII CURRENT OF IRISH CIVIL
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APPENDIX C THE HIGH MONARCHS OF IRE
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Alliaco, Cardinal, 191. Alphabet, R
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Books in Ireland, 38-40. Bosa, 222.
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(TEACHERS' Reference Library WILLOW
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