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Ireland and the Making of Britain the vicinity of river, lake or sea they had also fleets of vessels at their disposal. Ships would come in laden with foreign merchandise and foreign visitors and students and they would bring with them the news of great! events that were happening in foreign lands, of an earth- quake in Italy, of happenings in the Orkneys or in the valley of the Loire, of the progress of Irish foundations abroad, and of the sacred places in Palestine. There were horses and sheep and cattle, and farming operations were conducted on a great scale. There were crowds of monks and students in the streets, carrying great books, waxen tablets, and leather satchels, and from the cells of the masters came the hum of animated discussion or the voice of one speaking with authority. New buildings of wood or stone were being erected, round towers were slowly arising or a sculptor worked on the panels of a high granite cross, with the eager students around him watching. Now and then the crowds would grow silent and make a passage as some "high scholar of the western world" or "apostle of Erin" passed through them, a noble ascetic with long hair falling on his shoulders and painted eyelids, a figure clad in white homespun, one perhaps that had turned his back on the throne of Ireland and had thrown down the sword to take up the cultivation of the Scriptures and classic letters. Or a gayer group might appear on the scene, luxurious in raiment, young, hila- rious, care-free; these too the crowds would regard with interest and deference they were the offspring of the great reigning families of Leinster, of Munster, of Con- naught or Meath or Ulster, the tanist perhaps to the highking amongst them, youths without a physical blemish and therefore of kingly potentiality, some the heirs of royal clans that had been honored in Eire before the 50
"High Scholars of the Western World" Christian era. University life in these great Irish centers was free from the excesses that were habitual in pagan Athens, but there was the same plenitude of high spirits, of eager ambition, of thirst after new knowledge, of reverence for great learning and lofty character, of fierce joy in intellectual conflict that marked generous youth in Athens and Rome as in the medieval universities that succeeded the establishment of those in Ireland. 1 iSee Healy, Ireland's Ancient Schools and Scholars; Burton, History of Scotland, I, 254 seq.; Joyce, Social History, I, Ch. XI, 417 seq.; Skene, Celtic Scotland, II, 75, 419-63; Reeves, Life of St. Columba, Adamnan, passim; Stokes, Anecdota Oxoniensia, Ser. 5, passim.
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IRELAND AND THE MAKING OF BRITAIN 1
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CONTENTS IPTER ?AGE PREFACE ix I. T
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Contents CHAPTER PAGE XIII. IRISH P
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THIS PREFACE book grew into being a
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Preface nations is almost without a
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Preface ever broke the law and trad
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CHAPTER IX THE IRISH KINGDOM OF SCO
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CHAPTER X COLUMCILLE, APOSTLE OF SC
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Ireland and the Making 3. THE FACTS
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4JU- A Ireland and the Making of Br
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CHAPTER XVI ROMAN AND IRISH MISSION
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CHAPTER XVII FIRST STEPS OF THE ENG
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CHAPTER XVIII FRUITS OF THE IRISH A
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Ireland and the Making 4. FURSA OF
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CHAPTER XX CENTERS OF IRISH INFLUEN
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Ireland and the Making of Perrone.
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CHAPTER XXI IRISH TUTELAGE OF ENGLA
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CHAPTER XXII CURRENT OF IRISH CIVIL
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IN APPENDIX B THE IRISH PROVINCE OF
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APPENDIX C THE HIGH MONARCHS OF IRE
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THERE APPENDIX D IRISH KINGS OF SCO
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Alliaco, Cardinal, 191. Alphabet, R
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Books in Ireland, 38-40. Bosa, 222.
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Chronicles of Stephen, cited, 326.
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Danes, crushed by Irish at Clontarf
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Eochaidh Muighmeadhoin, 164. Eoghan
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Green, John Richard, Letters of, 86
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Christian, 110-113; civilization of
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Lactantius, known to Irish, 39, 300
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Molurg in Lismore, 155. Mon. Germ.
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Quadrivium, 37. Quellen u. Untersuc
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expulsion of English from, 325- 326
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founds hospital at St. Ursanne, 18.
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(TEACHERS' Reference Library WILLOW
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