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Ireland and the Making of Britain Scotch-Gaelic is in the main Irish written phonetically So Mr. according to the rules of English orthography. MacFarlane of Killinvir may be regarded as the somewhat recent Homer or Andronicus of Scotch-Gaelic literature. Dr. Johnson's dictum that "there are not in the language five hundred lines that can be proved to be a hundred years old" was strictly true as applied to Scotch- Gaelic. Scotch-Gaelic in his day had no more literary value than the Yorks or Northumbrian dialect of English. The vast and valuable literature of the Gaels both of Ireland and Scotland was enshrined in the classical Irish tongue. Hume says that the name of Earse, or Irish, given by the low country Scots to the language of the Scottish Highlanders, is a certain proof of the traditional opinion, delivered from father to son, that the latter people came originally from Ireland. Bedell's Irish version of the Scriptures was circulated in Scotland with a glossary from 1690 to 1767, and Bishop Carswell's version of Knox's Prayer-book (1567) is pure Irish. FRENCH SPEECH AND INFLUENCE. There are those among the historians of Scotland who profess to note the birth of English influence in that land following the marriage of Malcolm Canmore (1057-93) with Margaret, the expelled Anglo-Saxon princess. In this case the eyes see what they want to see. Such English influence as the welcome given to Margaret precipitated was a tenuous influence and it died a speedy death. In truth English influence at that time was a thing that was almost non- existent. England as a nation had been almost blotted out by the Danes. Danes and English went down in common ruin under the French heel. In the centuries that 320
Appendices followed the influence of Anglo-Saxon civilization, if such a civilization may be said to have existed, would find its fittest comparison with the influence of negro civilization under the slave-owners of the southern parts of the United States. It is absolutely no exaggeration to say that the English people living in England under French rule occupied a lower status during the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth centuries, than the negro slave population in the southern states of America occupied during the seventeenth and eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. As Macaulay puts it : "So strong an association is estab- lished in most minds between the greatness of a sovereign and the greatness of the tiation which -he rules, that almost every historian of England has expatiated with a sentiment of exultation on the power and splendor of her foreign masters (the French kings of England) and has lamented the decay of that power and splendor as a calamity to our country. This is, in truth, as absurd as it would be in a Haytian negro of our time to dwell with national pride on the greatness of Lewis the Four- teenth, and to speak of Blenheim and Ramilies with patriotic regret and shame. The Conqueror and his descendants to the fourth generation were not Englishmen ; most of them were born in France ; they spent the greater part of their lives in France ; their ordinary speech was French; almost every high place in their gift was filled by a Frenchman ; every acquisition which they made on the Continent estranged them more and more from the population of our island. One of the ablest among them indeed attempted to win the hearts of his English subjects by espousing an English princess. But by many of his barons this marriage was regarded as a marriage 22 321
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IRELAND AND THE MAKING OF BRITAIN 1
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CONTENTS IPTER ?AGE PREFACE ix I. T
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Contents CHAPTER PAGE XIII. IRISH P
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CHAPTER IV "HIGH SCHOLARS OF THE WE
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CHAPTER V INSULA SANCTORUM ET DOCTO
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CHAPTER VI LAY SCHOOLS AND SCHOOLS
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CHAPTER VIII WESTERN CIVILIZATION'S
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CHAPTER IX THE IRISH KINGDOM OF SCO
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CHAPTER X COLUMCILLE, APOSTLE OF SC
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4JU- A Ireland and the Making of Br
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CHAPTER XVI ROMAN AND IRISH MISSION
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CHAPTER XVII FIRST STEPS OF THE ENG
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CHAPTER XVIII FRUITS OF THE IRISH A
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CHAPTER XX CENTERS OF IRISH INFLUEN
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CHAPTER XXI IRISH TUTELAGE OF ENGLA
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Page 362 and 363: Alliaco, Cardinal, 191. Alphabet, R
Page 364 and 365: Books in Ireland, 38-40. Bosa, 222.
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Page 384 and 385: founds hospital at St. Ursanne, 18.
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(TEACHERS' Reference Library WILLOW
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