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Untersuchung des Chemokins MIP-3 β/CCL19 mean CCL 19 concentration showed a pronounced impact on cell migration, which indicates the presents of a functional chemotactic protein. This function of CCL19 might play an important role in secondary damages in spinal cord injuries (SCI). A study from Pineau and Lacroix (2007) on rodent models revealed that cytokine production is time dependent. CNS resident cells, including neurons, synthesized cytokines (IL-1, TNF, IL-6, and leukemia inhibitory factor) between 3 and 24 hours post SCI and some infiltrating leukocytes were responsible for the cytokine production 12 hours after the trauma. This would suggest that neural cells are responsible for the initial inflammatory response following SCI but, the recruitment of additional immune cells is responsible for the maintenance of inflammation (Pineau and Lacroix 2007). Additional studies would be necessary to determine the time at which CCL19 becomes a major inflammatory mediator. Kwon et al. observed in his study that IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, tau, S100b and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were elevated depending on severity of the initial injury. Evaluating this group of inflammatory cytokines a biochemical model was developed enabling to predict the ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) grade in 89% of their subjects. It was found that the pattern of protein expression within the CSF over the first few days following injury were strong indicators of neurologic outcome and thus, are now a focus of therapeutic research for SCI (Kwon et al. 2010). Using CCL19 CSF concentration as a prognostic marker could be also a precious tool in the research of SCI in dogs, which should be followed up in further studies. In conclusion CCL19 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SRMA/ MUO, possibly perpetuating an autoimmune reaction and may also be involved with the secondary wave of spinal cord injuries (SCI) in IVDD. The marked chemotactic activity for mononuclear cells leads to the assumption that this chemokine could be associated with the migration of mononuclear cells into the subarachnoid space of dogs. CCL19 concentration therefore, may serve as a prognostic indicator in SCI, be a precious biomarker for developing new treatment schemes and for verifying the success of treatment. 50
Untersuchung des Chemokins MIP-3 β/CCL19 5. References BARBER, R.M., S.J. SCHATZBERG, J.J. CORNEVEAUX, A.N. ALLEN, B.F. PORTER, J.J. PRUZIN, S.R. PLATT, M. KENT u. M.J. HUENTELMAN (2011): Identification of risk loci for necrotizing meningoencephalitis in Pug dogs. J. Hered. 102, 40-46 BAR-OR, A. (2008): The Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis. Semin. Neurology 28, 29-45 BOEKHOFF, T., C. FLIESHARDT, E. M. ENSINGER, M. FORK, S. KRAMER and A. TIPOLD (2012): Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging characteristics: evaluation of prognostic value in the dog as a translational model for spinal cord injury. J. Spinal. Disord. Tech. 25, 81-87 CHRISMAN, C. L. (1992): Cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Vet. Clin. North Am. Small Anim. Pract. 22, 781-810 CIZINAUSKAS, S., A. JAGGY u. A. TIPOLD (2000): Long-term treatment of dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis: clinical, laboratory and therapeutic results. J. Small Anim. Pract. 41, 295–301 COLUMBA- CABEZAS, S., B. SERAFINI, E. AMBROSINI u. F. ALOISI (2003): Lymphoid chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 are expressed in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for the maintenance of chronic neuroinflammation. Brain Pathol. 13 , 38-51 51
Page 1 and 2: Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
Page 3 and 4: Meinen Eltern
Page 5 and 6: Inhaltsverzeichnis INHALTSVERZEICHN
Page 7 and 8: Einleitung Kapitel 1 Einleitung Ent
Page 9 and 10: Literaturübersicht Kapitel 2 Liter
Page 11 and 12: Literaturübersicht erhöhtem Gesam
Page 13 and 14: Literaturübersicht der Entwicklung
Page 15 and 16: Literaturübersicht Häufig wird ei
Page 17 and 18: Literaturübersicht besitzen Patien
Page 19 and 20: Literaturübersicht Sie können Obe
Page 21 and 22: Material und Methoden Kapitel 3 Mat
Page 23 and 24: Material und Methoden - Tischzentri
Page 25 and 26: Material und Methoden 3.3. Methode
Page 27 and 28: Material und Methoden Abb. 1: Prinz
Page 29 and 30: Material und Methoden wurde jeweils
Page 31 and 32: Untersuchung des Chemokins MIP-3 β
Page 49: Untersuchung des Chemokins MIP-3 β
Page 59 and 60: Falldarstellung Kapitel 5 Falldarst
Page 61 and 62: Falldarstellung the central nervous
Page 63 and 64: Falldarstellung set at a rate of 49
Page 65 and 66: Falldarstellung Fig. 3 Fig. 1, Fig.
Page 67 and 68: Falldarstellung present, the evalua
Page 69 and 70: Falldarstellung bacterial growth (D
Page 71 and 72: Falldarstellung high risk of brain
Page 73 and 74: Falldarstellung However, at the ini
Page 75 and 76: Falldarstellung Adjunctive glucocor
Page 77 and 78: Falldarstellung Versed®; Roche Eto
Page 79 and 80: Falldarstellung in: A. LAJTHA, A. G
Page 81 and 82: Falldarstellung KING, N. (2010): Br
Page 83 and 84: Falldarstellung PLATT, S.R., u. N.
Page 85 and 86: Falldarstellung VITE, C.H. (2005):
Page 87 and 88: Übergreifende Diskussion Organismu
Page 89 and 90: Übergreifende Diskussion Neutrophi
Page 91 and 92: Übergreifende Diskussion Rückenma
Page 93 and 94: Zusammenfassung Kapitel 7 Zusammenf
Page 95 and 96: Zusammenfassung In dieser Studie ko
Page 97 and 98: Summary Increased intrathecal chemo
Page 99 and 100: Abkürzungsverzeichnis Kapitel 9 Ab
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Abkürzungsverzeichnis SRMA Std. T
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Literaturverzeichnis BAUMGÄRTNER,
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Literaturverzeichnis CHERUBINI, G.
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Literaturverzeichnis DE LAHUNTA, A.
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Literaturverzeichnis FUCHS, C., S.
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Literaturverzeichnis JEFFERY, N.D.
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Literaturverzeichnis KLOPP, L.S., J
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Literaturverzeichnis MADDISON, J.E.
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Literaturverzeichnis PASHENKOV, M.,
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Literaturverzeichnis SCHATZBERG, S.
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Literaturverzeichnis SERAFINI, B.,
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Literaturverzeichnis TALARICO, L.R.
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Literaturverzeichnis UCHIDA, K., T.
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Anhang Kapitel 12 Anhang Materialvo
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Anhang E: TMB Substrat: Das benöt
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Anhang 9. Die Flüssigkeit, welche
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Anhang 4. Anschließend wird das ve
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Anhang 1. Anzahl der Hunde, Diagnos
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Anhang 2. Anzahl der Hunde, Diagnos
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Anhang Lfd. Nr. Diagnose Grad Vorst
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Danksagung Kapitel 13 Danksagung Me
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