People with Disabilities in India: From Commitment to Outcomes

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Table 6.3: Coverage rates of disability pensions by total HH population and HH with PWD, 2004/05 % of all HH receiving disability pension Implied % of PWD receiving disability pension Median annual benefits among HH receiving (Rs) J&K 0.2 6.7 3,600 HP 1.1 42.9 2,266 Punjab 0.3 17.2 1,560 Uttaranchal 0.2 8.7 250 Haryana 0.8 37.2 2,819 Rajasthan 0.5 20.0 2,400 Uttar Pradesh 0.3 14.4 1,531 Bihar 0.2 8.8 1,473 West Bengal 0.1 4.3 6,000 Jharkhand 0.2 12.0 1,200 Orissa 0.8 28.8 1,054 Chattisgarh 0.3 14.9 1,436 MP 0.5 21.4 1,681 Gujarat 0.0 0.0 Maharashtra 0.1 6.2 1,713 Andhra Pradesh 0.1 5.6 633 Karnataka 0.8 44.9 2,273 Kerala 0.6 22.2 966 Tamil Nadu 0.1 3.8 1,575 All India 0.3 14.1 1,781 Source: Ajwad (2006), Bank staff estimates, based on NCAER national HD survey in 2004/05. 6.14. While coverage of disability social pensions is quite impressive in a number of states, the distributional pattern of coverage across wealth and social groups is more neutral, indicating considerable spending on the non-poor. In addition, as the richest, Brahmin and OBC households receive notably higher benefits than the poor and SC/ST households, the incidence of actual benefit receipts reports by households indicates real challenges in targeting. While the poorest quintile of households receive somewhat higher share of total benefits than their share in population, this is also true for the richest quintile, but not for example for the second poorest quintile. Equally, both SC and ST households capture notably less of total benefits than their population share. -113-
Table 6.4: Coverage of disability social pensions by wealth, location and social category, 2004/05 % of households receiving benefits from NDP Median benefits among households (Rs annual) Share of total benefits capture by group (%) Poorest 0.4 1,713 25.5 Q2 0.3 1,494 17.8 Q3 0.3 1,605 20.6 Q4 0.3 1,539 12.5 Richest 0.3 2,771 23.5 Rural 0.3 1,856 89.1 Urban 0.1 1,335 10.9 Brahmin 0.2 1,868 3.1 OBC 0.3 1,860 49.0 SC 0.3 1,615 21.6 ST 0.2 1,601 5.0 Other 0.2 1,827 21.2 All India 0.3 1,781 100 Source: Ajwad (2006), Bank staff estimates, based on NCAER national HD survey in 2004/05. 6.15. The obvious question is why such a distributional pattern of benefits emerges given the generally poorer status of households with disabled members (discussed in Chapter 1). The short answer is that more work is needed to understand the constraints to the poor and SC/ST households with disabled members getting better access to benefits. However, qualitative work and a recent study from Rajasthan give an indication that the perceived complexity of the applications process (including certification as eligible disabled) among potential applicants is a barrier to expanding coverage. Looking at Figure 6.1, the main deterrent to applying for social pensions among those potentially eligible for disability pension is “process too complicated”, which put off about half of potential applicants in the 8 districts of Rajasthan surveyed, with almost a further 10 percent citing “don’t know how” as the reason for not applying. There is not quantitative evidence from other states which could allow to generalize form this finding, but field visits for this report find that the complexity factor is a recurring theme of potential applicants. The other aspect in several states is that there is a degree of fiscal rationing in aggregate numbers of disability social pensioners, and that the distributional results indicate that the better off manage to access the program at the expense of others. Figure 6.1: Main deterrents to application for social pensions by type of pension, Rajasthan, 2006 100 Potential beneficiaries - main deterrents 80 60 40 20 0 OAP DWP DIS Other Too complicated Don't know how Not eligible Benefit too little Too costly Source: Dutta (2007) based on 8 district social pensions survey, Rajasthan. 6.16. As seen in previous sections, the UP and TN survey explored knowledge of entitlements among PWD. To access the disability social pension or unemployment allowance, it is necessary -114-
Page 1 and 2:
PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN INDIA:
Page 3 and 4:
Abbreviations and Acronyms ADL ANM
Page 5 and 6:
Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8:
Figure 5.3: Employment rates of PWD
Page 9 and 10:
Box 5.4: A Jobs Fair Bringing Emplo
Page 11 and 12:
NGOs, both quantitative and qualita
Page 13 and 14:
Out of school rates for CWD are hig
Page 15 and 16:
needs to respond more proactively t
Page 17 and 18:
government strategies for promoting
Page 19 and 20:
Safety Net Schemes 33. Safety nets
Page 21 and 22:
40. In early 2006, a National Polic
Page 23 and 24:
should move to implement the Act’
Page 25 and 26:
54. Addressing current and future p
Page 27 and 28:
disability SHGs, which has been sho
Page 29 and 30:
have comparative advantage is putti
Page 31 and 32:
extent of individual functioning du
Page 33 and 34:
converting income into well-being o
Page 35 and 36:
21. In light of the challenges that
Page 37 and 38:
not be explained by this. The major
Page 39 and 40:
Table 1.2: Disability Prevalence ra
Page 41 and 42:
The share of disability impact due
Page 43 and 44:
• It is also important to recall
Page 45 and 46:
1.17. A second issue with obvious i
Page 47 and 48:
Figure 1.9: Employment rates of PWD
Page 49 and 50:
Box 1.2: Census questions on disabi
Page 51 and 52:
Box 2.1: Disability in Indian mytho
Page 53 and 54:
• overall, there is low acceptanc
Page 55 and 56:
Table 2.2: Positive perceptions of
Page 57 and 58:
different areas, as for example the
Page 59 and 60:
governmental sectors drive home the
Page 61 and 62:
Box 2.4: Raising awareness and chan
Page 63 and 64:
• onset of mental disabilities is
Page 65 and 66:
3.9. Locomotor disability is the ca
Page 67 and 68:
B. Prevention of Disability 3.15. A
Page 69 and 70:
3.20. The NBCP, like other vertical
Page 71 and 72:
almost three times more likely to h
Page 73 and 74:
PWDs. The scheme operates in 11 cen
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 3.4: Proportion of disabled
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.11: Type of Service Accesse
Page 79 and 80:
Urban 1.46 North 1.40 South 1.10 Ea
Page 81 and 82:
Box 3.1: WHO’s “Ten Question Pl
Page 83 and 84:
3.51. (f) Financial barriers to acc
Page 85 and 86:
including for road accidents, and e
Page 87 and 88:
A. Indian and International Policy
Page 89 and 90:
4.9. A specific feature of SSA is a
Page 91 and 92: • significant gender differential
Page 93 and 94: Out of school rates for CWD are hig
Page 95 and 96: Only around 5 percent of children w
Page 97 and 98: 4.30. (b) Financial performance of
Page 99 and 100: only factor contributing to both po
Page 101 and 102: The numbers of CWD identified by SS
Page 103 and 104: IE training options. The impacts of
Page 105 and 106: part of the authorities to increase
Page 107 and 108: well beyond the needs of CWD alone.
Page 109 and 110: performance in the schooling system
Page 111 and 112: DLROs has contributed to West Benga
Page 113 and 114: CHAPTER 5: EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS WI
Page 115 and 116: atios, while others such as J&K, Bi
Page 117 and 118: Figure 5.8: Employment rates over t
Page 119 and 120: • the relative wages of PWD to no
Page 121 and 122: of age and disability status. Multi
Page 123 and 124: 5.23. For males in the survey, a de
Page 125 and 126: equirement of specific post identif
Page 127 and 128: 5.34. Nonetheless, there has been u
Page 129 and 130: consistent with survey findings. Na
Page 131 and 132: exchanges are in any event servicin
Page 133 and 134: Source: NHFDC website reporting cum
Page 135 and 136: Box 5.5: Good practice in NGO skill
Page 137 and 138: D. Conclusions and recommendations
Page 139 and 140: is set. In the case of SGSY, the gu
Page 141: Table 6.2: States/UTs with unemploy
Page 145 and 146: Table 6.6: Contributions and benefi
Page 147 and 148: 6.24. Easily the largest scheme for
Page 149 and 150: 6.35. While the design of the insur
Page 151 and 152: people. The transfer under NOAPS wa
Page 153 and 154: 7.4 (a) The Persons with Disabiliti
Page 155 and 156: 7.8 (ii) Sectoral policy issues in
Page 157 and 158: • in the area of education, the p
Page 159 and 160: awareness raising about disability
Page 161 and 162: more formal institutions in disabil
Page 163 and 164: 7.28 There is little detailed analy
Page 165 and 166: Table 7.2: Institutions providing b
Page 167 and 168: systematically related to the numbe
Page 169 and 170: • collaboration between NGOs and
Page 171 and 172: moving to improved outcomes for PWD
Page 173 and 174: CHAPTER 8: ACCESS FOR PEOPLE WITH D
Page 175 and 176: Box 8.1: International and regional
Page 177 and 178: The comparison of institutional arr
Page 179 and 180: laudable, there are concerns that m
Page 181 and 182: ANNEX 1: COMPARING THE INCOMPARABLE
Page 183 and 184: of prevalence estimates across the
Page 185 and 186: person will be treated as having
show all

People with Disabilities in India: From Commitment to Outcomes

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?