People with Disabilities in India: From Commitment to Outcomes

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Table 5.1: Sectoral composition of PWD and general employment, early 1990s and early 2000s88 Table 5.2: Current Activity Status among Working Age Persons, rural UP and TN .................... 89 Table 5.3: Employment and wage rates of PWD relative to non-PWD by location, gender and severity, UP and TN, 2005 ................................................................................................... 90 Table 5.4: The Working Age Employed: Work Hours and Days in rural TN and UP, 2005........ 90 Table 5.5: Missed work by adult HH members of PWD due to caring, UP and TN, 2005........... 91 Table 5.6: Probabilities of being employed among PWD by various characteristics, 2002.......... 93 Table 5.7: The marginal effect of disability on employment probability is high for men, lower for women and higher for those with more severe disabilities................................................... 93 Table 5.8: Reserved posts for PWD identified and filled, early 2000s ......................................... 96 Table 5.9: PWD placed by employment exchanges are very low and placement rates have halved over the past decade (in thousands) .................................................................................... 101 Table 5.10: Beneficiaries sanctioned and disbursements, NHFDC schemes, 1997-March 2005 103 Table 6.1: Proportion of PWD beneficiaries under SGSY, 1999-2004....................................... 110 Table 6.2: States/UTs with unemployment allowance (Rs), 2004 .............................................. 112 Table 6.3: Coverage rates of disability pensions by total HH population and HH with PWD, 2004/05 ............................................................................................................................... 113 Table 6.4: Coverage of disability social pensions by wealth, location and social category, 2004/05 ............................................................................................................................................ 114 Table 6.5: Awareness of disability certification and cash benefits, rural UP and TN, 2005....... 115 Table 6.6: Contributions and benefit targets for mandated disability insurance in India............ 116 Table 7.1: Awareness of the PWD Act is very low and lower among PWD households than others ............................................................................................................................................ 128 Table 7.2: Institutions providing benefits and services to PWD in rural UP and TN, 2005 ....... 136 Table A.1: Disability definitions in the Census and the NSS...................................................... 155 List of Boxes Box 1.1: Different approaches to asking about disability in census and surveys.......................... 11 Box 1.2: Census questions on disability designed by UN Washington Group on Disability Statistics ........................................................................................................................... 20 Box 2.1: Disability in Indian mythology and Bollywood movies................................................. 22 Box 2.2: Development organisations successfully taking up disability issues at community level - Vikas Jyot Trust, Vadodara .............................................................................................. 29 Box 2.3: Changing attitudes of young people through dance........................................................ 30 Box 2.4: Raising awareness and changing attitudes to leprosy..................................................... 32 Box 3.1: WHO’s “Ten Question Plus” Screening Instrument....................................................... 52 Box 4.1: International policy development on education of children with disabilities ................. 59 Box 4.2: National Action Plan for Inclusion in Education of Children and Youth with Disabilities .......................................................................................................................................... 60 Box 4.3: Main models of public educational financing, with different impacts on CWD and IE: 68 Box 4.4: Teacher attitudes to inclusive education in Mumbai ...................................................... 73 Box 4.5: Training on IE for regular and special educators............................................................ 75 Box 4.6: Service delivery modes for CSN in IED......................................................................... 76 Box 5.1: International Experience with Quotas for PWD employment ........................................ 97 Box 5.2: National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC) is setting an example in the public sector ..................................................................................................................... 98 Box 5.3: TITAN India shows that employing disabled people makes good business sense......... 99 viii
Box 5.4: A Jobs Fair Bringing Employers and Disabled people Together for Mutual Benefits. 102 Box 5.5: Good practice in NGO skills training and employment promotion for people with disabilities: ..................................................................................................................... 106 Box 5.6: Knowing your Market: DISHA .................................................................................... 107 Box 7.1: Key entitlements and commitments under the PWD Act, 1995 ................................... 127 Box 7.2: Good Practice in State-level Disability Policy-The case of Chhattisgarh .................... 131 Box 7.3: Innovations in Karnataka by the Disability Commissioner’s Office ............................ 135 Box 7.4: Disability For a in Tamil Nadu.................................................................................... 138 Box 7.5: ADD India and the sangham approach to PWD SHGs................................................. 141 Box 8.1: International and regional standards on promoting access for people with disabilities 146 Box 8.2: A Tale of Two Cities in One: Indraprastha Project and Delhi Metro........................... 149 ix
Page 1 and 2: PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN INDIA:
Page 3 and 4: Abbreviations and Acronyms ADL ANM
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7: Figure 5.3: Employment rates of PWD
Page 11 and 12: NGOs, both quantitative and qualita
Page 13 and 14: Out of school rates for CWD are hig
Page 15 and 16: needs to respond more proactively t
Page 17 and 18: government strategies for promoting
Page 19 and 20: Safety Net Schemes 33. Safety nets
Page 21 and 22: 40. In early 2006, a National Polic
Page 23 and 24: should move to implement the Act’
Page 25 and 26: 54. Addressing current and future p
Page 27 and 28: disability SHGs, which has been sho
Page 29 and 30: have comparative advantage is putti
Page 31 and 32: extent of individual functioning du
Page 33 and 34: converting income into well-being o
Page 35 and 36: 21. In light of the challenges that
Page 37 and 38: not be explained by this. The major
Page 39 and 40: Table 1.2: Disability Prevalence ra
Page 41 and 42: The share of disability impact due
Page 43 and 44: • It is also important to recall
Page 45 and 46: 1.17. A second issue with obvious i
Page 47 and 48: Figure 1.9: Employment rates of PWD
Page 49 and 50: Box 1.2: Census questions on disabi
Page 51 and 52: Box 2.1: Disability in Indian mytho
Page 53 and 54: • overall, there is low acceptanc
Page 55 and 56: Table 2.2: Positive perceptions of
Page 57 and 58: different areas, as for example the
Page 59 and 60:
governmental sectors drive home the
Page 61 and 62:
Box 2.4: Raising awareness and chan
Page 63 and 64:
• onset of mental disabilities is
Page 65 and 66:
3.9. Locomotor disability is the ca
Page 67 and 68:
B. Prevention of Disability 3.15. A
Page 69 and 70:
3.20. The NBCP, like other vertical
Page 71 and 72:
almost three times more likely to h
Page 73 and 74:
PWDs. The scheme operates in 11 cen
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 3.4: Proportion of disabled
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.11: Type of Service Accesse
Page 79 and 80:
Urban 1.46 North 1.40 South 1.10 Ea
Page 81 and 82:
Box 3.1: WHO’s “Ten Question Pl
Page 83 and 84:
3.51. (f) Financial barriers to acc
Page 85 and 86:
including for road accidents, and e
Page 87 and 88:
A. Indian and International Policy
Page 89 and 90:
4.9. A specific feature of SSA is a
Page 91 and 92:
• significant gender differential
Page 93 and 94:
Out of school rates for CWD are hig
Page 95 and 96:
Only around 5 percent of children w
Page 97 and 98:
4.30. (b) Financial performance of
Page 99 and 100:
only factor contributing to both po
Page 101 and 102:
The numbers of CWD identified by SS
Page 103 and 104:
IE training options. The impacts of
Page 105 and 106:
part of the authorities to increase
Page 107 and 108:
well beyond the needs of CWD alone.
Page 109 and 110:
performance in the schooling system
Page 111 and 112:
DLROs has contributed to West Benga
Page 113 and 114:
CHAPTER 5: EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS WI
Page 115 and 116:
atios, while others such as J&K, Bi
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 5.8: Employment rates over t
Page 119 and 120:
• the relative wages of PWD to no
Page 121 and 122:
of age and disability status. Multi
Page 123 and 124:
5.23. For males in the survey, a de
Page 125 and 126:
equirement of specific post identif
Page 127 and 128:
5.34. Nonetheless, there has been u
Page 129 and 130:
consistent with survey findings. Na
Page 131 and 132:
exchanges are in any event servicin
Page 133 and 134:
Source: NHFDC website reporting cum
Page 135 and 136:
Box 5.5: Good practice in NGO skill
Page 137 and 138:
D. Conclusions and recommendations
Page 139 and 140:
is set. In the case of SGSY, the gu
Page 141 and 142:
Table 6.2: States/UTs with unemploy
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Table 6.4: Coverage of disability s
Page 145 and 146:
Table 6.6: Contributions and benefi
Page 147 and 148:
6.24. Easily the largest scheme for
Page 149 and 150:
6.35. While the design of the insur
Page 151 and 152:
people. The transfer under NOAPS wa
Page 153 and 154:
7.4 (a) The Persons with Disabiliti
Page 155 and 156:
7.8 (ii) Sectoral policy issues in
Page 157 and 158:
• in the area of education, the p
Page 159 and 160:
awareness raising about disability
Page 161 and 162:
more formal institutions in disabil
Page 163 and 164:
7.28 There is little detailed analy
Page 165 and 166:
Table 7.2: Institutions providing b
Page 167 and 168:
systematically related to the numbe
Page 169 and 170:
• collaboration between NGOs and
Page 171 and 172:
moving to improved outcomes for PWD
Page 173 and 174:
CHAPTER 8: ACCESS FOR PEOPLE WITH D
Page 175 and 176:
Box 8.1: International and regional
Page 177 and 178:
The comparison of institutional arr
Page 179 and 180:
laudable, there are concerns that m
Page 181 and 182:
ANNEX 1: COMPARING THE INCOMPARABLE
Page 183 and 184:
of prevalence estimates across the
Page 185 and 186:
person will be treated as having
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People with Disabilities in India: From Commitment to Outcomes

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