People with Disabilities in India: From Commitment to Outcomes

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Acknowledgements This report was prepared by Philip O’Keefe (Team Leader) based on background papers by a team composed of Venkatesh Sundararaman, Anupriya Chaddha, and N.K. Jangira (Education); Maitreyi B. Das, Madhumita Puri and Namita Jacob (Health); Sophie Mitra and Usha Sambamoorthi (Employment); Meenu Bhambani (Policies and Institutions); Alana Officer (NGOs); Robert Palacios (Social Insurance); Jeff Hammer (Framework), and Sarabjit Singh (Access). Much of the data analysis of both NSS and other surveys was carried out by Corinne Siaens, whose work in particular provided the basis for the socio-economic profile of people with disabilities. Initial data set-up was done by Mehtab Azam. The report has also benefited from a survey and qualitative work carried out in late 2005 in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu by AC Nielsen/ORG-MARG by a team led by Sumit Kumar. The team benefited from the guidance of officials from the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, including Ashish Khanna, Additional Secretary, former Joint Secretary, Smt. Jayati Chandra, the JS for disability issues, Mr. G.N. Pegu, and Mr. Ashish Kumar, Deputy DG, as well as Smt. Uma Thuli, former Chief Commissioner for Disabilities. There was also guidance provided by an inter-ministerial Technical Advisory Group set up for the work, chaired by MoSJE and consisting of representatives from the Ministries of Health, Labor, Human Resource Development, and Rural Development, as well as an NGO representative. In addition, Mr. Keshav Desiraju from the Ministry of Human Resource Development supported the team’s work. Officials in various states – in particular in Rajasthan, Karnataka, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh, and Tamil Nadu - were also helpful in meeting with team members and providing information. The team is also grateful for guidance and insights received from the following people: Javed Abidi and his staff (NCPEDP); Mithu and Sathi Alur, and their colleagues at the Spastic Society of India, Mumbai; Kevan Moll (VSO); Samir Ghosh (Independent disability consultant); Geeta Sharma (Unnati); Shruti Mohapatra (Swabhiman); Ashok and Asha Hans (SMMRI); participants in the Kolkata Inclusive Education consultation, and in the Mumbai workshop on Disability and Disaster Management, both in November 2005; Sanjeev Sachdeva and Anjlee Agarwal (Samarthya); Bhushan Punani (Blind Persons’ Association); Harsh Mander; and staff of Action- Aid New Delhi. The report was prepared under the overall guidance of Mansoora Rashid (Sector Manager for Social Protection, SASHD), Julian Schweitzer (Sector Director, SASHD) and Michael Carter (Country Manager for India). The team also benefited from useful inputs from peer reviewers, Daniel Mont (Disability and Development Unit, World Bank), Barbara Harriss-White (Oxford University), Lant Pritchett (SASSD), and Jonathan Gruber (MIT), and the comments of Fayez Omar (SASIN), Judith Heumann, Pia Rockhold and Jeanine Braithwaite (Disability and Development Unit), and Dipak Dasgupta (SASPR). Karthika Nair and Gertrude Cooper provided excellent team assistance throughout the work. ii
Abbreviations and Acronyms ADL ANM AP CAPART CBR CDC CPWD CSN CWD DALYs DC DIET DISE DMHP DPEP DPO DRC EPFO EPS FICCI GOI IADL IAY ICDS ICIDH IDD IED IEDC J&K LIC MDG MDT MHRD MI MP MR MSJE MSS Activities of Daily Living Auxiliary Nurse-midwives Andhra Pradesh Council for the Advancement of People’s Action in Rural Technology Community Based Rehabilitation Centers for Disease Control Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities Children with Special Needs Children with Disabilities Disability-adjusted Life Years Defined Contribution District Institute for Education Training District Information System for Education District Mental Health Programme District Primary Education Programme Disabled Persons Organization District Rehabilitation Center Employees’ Provident Fund Organization Employees’ Pension Scheme Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry Government of India Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Indira Avaz Yogana Integrated Child Development Services International Classification of Impairments, Disability and Handicaps Iodine Deficiency Disorders Integrated Education of the Disabled Integrated Education of Disabled Children Jammu and Kashmir Life Insurance Corporation of India Millennium Development Goal Multi Drug Therapy Ministry of Human Resource Development Mental Illness Madhya Pradesh Mental Retardation Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment Mahila Swasthya Sanghas iii
Page 1: PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN INDIA:
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Page 7 and 8: Figure 5.3: Employment rates of PWD
Page 9 and 10: Box 5.4: A Jobs Fair Bringing Emplo
Page 11 and 12: NGOs, both quantitative and qualita
Page 13 and 14: Out of school rates for CWD are hig
Page 15 and 16: needs to respond more proactively t
Page 17 and 18: government strategies for promoting
Page 19 and 20: Safety Net Schemes 33. Safety nets
Page 21 and 22: 40. In early 2006, a National Polic
Page 23 and 24: should move to implement the Act’
Page 25 and 26: 54. Addressing current and future p
Page 27 and 28: disability SHGs, which has been sho
Page 29 and 30: have comparative advantage is putti
Page 31 and 32: extent of individual functioning du
Page 33 and 34: converting income into well-being o
Page 35 and 36: 21. In light of the challenges that
Page 37 and 38: not be explained by this. The major
Page 39 and 40: Table 1.2: Disability Prevalence ra
Page 41 and 42: The share of disability impact due
Page 43 and 44: • It is also important to recall
Page 45 and 46: 1.17. A second issue with obvious i
Page 47 and 48: Figure 1.9: Employment rates of PWD
Page 49 and 50: Box 1.2: Census questions on disabi
Page 51 and 52: Box 2.1: Disability in Indian mytho
Page 53 and 54:
• overall, there is low acceptanc
Page 55 and 56:
Table 2.2: Positive perceptions of
Page 57 and 58:
different areas, as for example the
Page 59 and 60:
governmental sectors drive home the
Page 61 and 62:
Box 2.4: Raising awareness and chan
Page 63 and 64:
• onset of mental disabilities is
Page 65 and 66:
3.9. Locomotor disability is the ca
Page 67 and 68:
B. Prevention of Disability 3.15. A
Page 69 and 70:
3.20. The NBCP, like other vertical
Page 71 and 72:
almost three times more likely to h
Page 73 and 74:
PWDs. The scheme operates in 11 cen
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 3.4: Proportion of disabled
Page 77 and 78:
Table 3.11: Type of Service Accesse
Page 79 and 80:
Urban 1.46 North 1.40 South 1.10 Ea
Page 81 and 82:
Box 3.1: WHO’s “Ten Question Pl
Page 83 and 84:
3.51. (f) Financial barriers to acc
Page 85 and 86:
including for road accidents, and e
Page 87 and 88:
A. Indian and International Policy
Page 89 and 90:
4.9. A specific feature of SSA is a
Page 91 and 92:
• significant gender differential
Page 93 and 94:
Out of school rates for CWD are hig
Page 95 and 96:
Only around 5 percent of children w
Page 97 and 98:
4.30. (b) Financial performance of
Page 99 and 100:
only factor contributing to both po
Page 101 and 102:
The numbers of CWD identified by SS
Page 103 and 104:
IE training options. The impacts of
Page 105 and 106:
part of the authorities to increase
Page 107 and 108:
well beyond the needs of CWD alone.
Page 109 and 110:
performance in the schooling system
Page 111 and 112:
DLROs has contributed to West Benga
Page 113 and 114:
CHAPTER 5: EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONS WI
Page 115 and 116:
atios, while others such as J&K, Bi
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 5.8: Employment rates over t
Page 119 and 120:
• the relative wages of PWD to no
Page 121 and 122:
of age and disability status. Multi
Page 123 and 124:
5.23. For males in the survey, a de
Page 125 and 126:
equirement of specific post identif
Page 127 and 128:
5.34. Nonetheless, there has been u
Page 129 and 130:
consistent with survey findings. Na
Page 131 and 132:
exchanges are in any event servicin
Page 133 and 134:
Source: NHFDC website reporting cum
Page 135 and 136:
Box 5.5: Good practice in NGO skill
Page 137 and 138:
D. Conclusions and recommendations
Page 139 and 140:
is set. In the case of SGSY, the gu
Page 141 and 142:
Table 6.2: States/UTs with unemploy
Page 143 and 144:
Table 6.4: Coverage of disability s
Page 145 and 146:
Table 6.6: Contributions and benefi
Page 147 and 148:
6.24. Easily the largest scheme for
Page 149 and 150:
6.35. While the design of the insur
Page 151 and 152:
people. The transfer under NOAPS wa
Page 153 and 154:
7.4 (a) The Persons with Disabiliti
Page 155 and 156:
7.8 (ii) Sectoral policy issues in
Page 157 and 158:
• in the area of education, the p
Page 159 and 160:
awareness raising about disability
Page 161 and 162:
more formal institutions in disabil
Page 163 and 164:
7.28 There is little detailed analy
Page 165 and 166:
Table 7.2: Institutions providing b
Page 167 and 168:
systematically related to the numbe
Page 169 and 170:
• collaboration between NGOs and
Page 171 and 172:
moving to improved outcomes for PWD
Page 173 and 174:
CHAPTER 8: ACCESS FOR PEOPLE WITH D
Page 175 and 176:
Box 8.1: International and regional
Page 177 and 178:
The comparison of institutional arr
Page 179 and 180:
laudable, there are concerns that m
Page 181 and 182:
ANNEX 1: COMPARING THE INCOMPARABLE
Page 183 and 184:
of prevalence estimates across the
Page 185 and 186:
person will be treated as having
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