People with Disabilities in India: From Commitment to Outcomes

Figure 5.3: Employment rates of PWD and general population by gender and location, early
2000s..................................................................................................................................... 85
Figure 5.4: PWD and non-PWD employment ratio, early 1980s and 2000s................................. 86
Figure 5.5: Employment rates by disability type and severity, 2002 ............................................ 86
Figure 5.6: Early 1990s; Figure 5.7: Early 2000s.......................................................................... 87
Figure 5.8: Employment rates over the life cycle for PWD (LHS) and for non-PWD (RHS) ...... 88
Figure 6.1: Main deterrents to application for social pensions by type of pension, Rajasthan, 2006
............................................................................................................................................ 114
Figure 6.2: Coverage of health, life and pension insurance, 2004 .............................................. 116
Figure 6.3: Disability inflow rates for contributory pension members in India and selected Latin
American Countries, 2000-2002......................................................................................... 117
Figure 7.1: Share of PWD HHs not aware of entitlements ......................................................... 129
Figure 7.2: Governmental Structure for Policy and Implementation of Programs for the Disabled
in India................................................................................................................................ 133
Figure 7.3: Top Difficulties in Applying for PWD benefits and services, UP and TN, 2005..... 136
List of Tables
Table 1.1: Disability rates from census and survey sources, early 2000s. ...................................... 7
Table 1.2: Disability Prevalence rates by country and disability question method, various years 10
Table 1.3: PWD and general population social characteristics, 2002 ........................................... 13
Table 1.4: Non-income indicators for households with and without PWD, UP and TN, 2005..... 14
Table 1.5: Reported extent of disability among PWD, 2002......................................................... 16
Table 2.1: Acceptance that children with disabilities should always attend special (top) and
regular (bottom) schools, by disability type, UP and TN, 2005 ........................................... 24
Table 2.2: Positive perceptions of capacity of women with disabilities to have and care for
children, UP and TN, 2005 (%) ............................................................................................ 26
Table 2.3 Government officials and education and health workers had the highest rates of
negative attitudes towards PWD in Orissa ........................................................................... 28
Table 3.1: Causes of Visual Disabilities (for Individuals with Single Disability (i.e Visual Only)
.............................................................................................................................................. 35
Table 3.2: Causes of Hearing and Speech Disabilities - 2002....................................................... 35
Table 3.4: Causes of Locomotor Disability - 2002 ....................................................................... 36
Table 3.5: Causes of Mental Disability - 2002.............................................................................. 36
Table 3.6: Proportion of road deaths by types of user and location .............................................. 37
Table 3.7: Place of Incident for Burns and Injuries by Sex for PWD – 2002 ............................... 37
Table 3.8: Cataract Surgeries under the National Blindness Control Programme ....................... 40
Table 3.9: Coverage of National Institutes for PWD by Type of Services .................................. 44
Table 3.10: Probability of PWD seeking health treatment, 2002.................................................. 47
Table 3.11: Type of Service Accessed and Reasons for Not Using Services by PWD, UP & TN 48
Table 3.12: Disabled Individuals’ Access to Aids and Appliances.............................................. 48
Table 3.13: Results on Probabilities of Accessing Aids and Appliances ...................................... 49
Table 4.1: CWD education attendance and attainment by severity, 2002..................................... 63
Table 4.2: Share of CWD attending regular and special schools, 2002 ........................................ 65
Table 4.3: Children missing school to care for disabled family members, UP and TN, 2005 ...... 66
Table 4.4: Attitudes of teachers and classmates of CWD in UP and TN were positive................ 73
Table 4.5: There is low awareness of possibilities for aids, appliance and stipends and very low
shares of beneficiaries in rural UP and TN........................................................................... 77
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