biological diversity and tropical forests in tunisia - PART

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B. Fauca Ousselat is importact in terms of biological diversity because it is a nesticg locatioc for egyptiac vultures, peregrices, acd booted eagles. Macy other raptors and other acimal species occur oc Djebel Oasselat (see Sectioc 4, Goavernorat of ~airouac). A large marble quarry exists on the south side of the mouctain. Grazicg is so intense that by late summer little remains ic the herb layer. Ic the prime raptor cesting areas, human disturbance would be detrimectal to cesticg success. 3.4.3.6. Djebel Serdj 35'56' N 9'33' E Djebel Serdj is ore of the maic ridges of the Tanisiac Dorsal. It lies 90 km cortheast of Dj. Semmama, 20 km southeast of Siliaca and 60 km corthwest of Kairouac. A t the highest peak the altitude is 1357 m. A. Vegetation The vegetatio~ is particalarly rich oc Dj. Serdj. At the summit is e meadow associatioc of herbs acd shrabs (ORSTOM 1962) characterized by: Pracus prostrata IJA Cectaarea incaca C. lagascae Trifoliam cherleri Poa balbosa * Acthoxacthum odoratum Acdrosace maxima * Horcacgia petraea * Geraniam lucidum Ophrys lutea subfusca = Southerc l i m i t of geographical range Thymas algeriecsi s Te~crium poliam Armeria plantagicea Vicia ocobrychioides Acthy llis vulceraria Alyssum montacum Sideritis iccaca txetaca Acthemis pucctata Tulipa silvestris T. a,~stralis Oc corth facicg rock crests is ac associatio~ characterized by: rNA Draba hispacicus Alyssum montanum HO rnaga petraea Sedum sp. Ic moist, shaded rocky areas, additional species are four.d, sach as: Saxif raga tridactylites Arabis auriculata S. carpetana A. tucetana ORSTOK (1962) also described an association characteristic of high platea~s of the Tucisiac Dorsal dominated by Baple~r~m spjcos:m acd
Astragalis fortanesii ssp. numidicds. Along permacect streams the vegetatioe tecds to be composed of: Pop~lus alba Ranunczlus macrophylla Fraxinus angustifolia Vitis vicifera Ulmus campestris Carex remota Rubus ulmifolius Poa trivialis Rosa sp. Equisetum maximam Nerium oleacder Hedioscladium nodiflorum Clycera fluitacs On the upper slopes there are a little over 1,000 cork oak growicg far south of the normal racge. There are also stands of the rare maple tree growirg ic association with (ORSTOM 1962, Peterkec acd Radford 1969 Qaercus ilex rCA Sorbus aria Rosa poazici Crataegas azarolus Rac~cc~lus ficaria )!elacdrisn divaricatam Brassica gravicae Vicia ocobrychioides vNA Viola mzcbyaca Gcracism robertiacam purpureum Tamus conmznis Rabss almifolizs Delphlcium emarginatsm Lamiam locgifloriim cumidicum Scrophalaria laevigata r Arabis verca Festaca ovica Armeria plactagicea Some of the lower slopes have holm oak dominated vegetatioc similar to that of Dj. Eargoa (see followirg sectioc) and others have vegetatioc typical of dry, degraded maritime to continental aleppo pice associatiocs with marne acd humus acc;lmalatiocs as described for Dj. Mansozr. There are also about 1,500 ha of Maktar cypress Capressus semvervirecs ssp. cumidica nixed with aleppo pice ic the ravines. Faaca of the regioc is listed ic Section 4 (~ouvercorat of ~iliana). Of special icterest is ac extroardicary populatioc of bats ic or? of the caves (~ssi, pers. comm.). C. Influences The forests are managed and exploited in a manner that is not detrimental to the overall vegetatioc cover. However, exploitatioc acd grazing ic some areas appears to have allowed serious erosioc to start. The rare maple tree mocspessalacum and cork oak are ic such low numbers that exploitatioc without serfous regeneratior efforts wmld threatec their coctinued presecce. 3.43. Djebel Bargou 36'04 * 9 9'36 ' E Kortheast of Dj. Serdj acd 20 km east of Siliaca is Djebel Sargoz. The summit altit~de is 1268 m acd the slgpes are moderate to steep. A racge of cliffs approximately 10 - 53 m high, rearo th? crest at Zchila, has several irteresticg caves acd ledges.
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL F
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Preface Exec2tjve Sxmmary BIOLOGICA
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List of Figures: LISTS OF FIGURES A
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EIOLOCICAL DIVERSITY AXD TROPICAL F
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Vast areas are domicated by steppe
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Effective pollctioc coctrol legisla
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2. BACKGROUND INFOREATIOC ON TUNISI
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Table 1. Climate and Bioclimate Dat
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Important factors influencing the r
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have been made of medicinal plants
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forage plants that have Graminees :
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2.4 FAUNA Currently, about 75 speci
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All of the large mammals of Tunisia
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3. PRIMARY ECOSYSTENS OF TUFISIA 3.
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Urban wastes (sewage) also alter co
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combination of surface waters produ
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Raf Raf is highly cultivated, excep
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B. Fauna Rhodophyceae (red algae) L
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Mean annuah temperatures along this
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3.1.4. Culf of Cabes: Rass Kaboudia
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B. Fauna -- Mamnals. Although there
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Little grsbe Great crested grebe Bl
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Figure 5 Locations of Islands of Tu
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A. Vegetation Wuch of Galite is cov
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Duricg the cesticg season it is con
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species appearing at this stage inc
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factors increase predation on uplan
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B. Fauna Kuriate is one of the thre
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Fishermen construct long barricades
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A. Vegetation Most of Jerba has bee
Page 61 and 62: 3.3. WETLANDS In this docamect the
Page 63 and 64: 3.3.1 . Harkne Lakes and Lagoons 3.
Page 65 and 66: the number of species (zouali 1975)
Page 67 and 68: Honey buzzard Black kite Egyptian v
Page 69 and 70: B. Fauna Mammals. Red fox, jackal,
Page 71 and 72: center and the lake edge is highly
Page 73 and 74: 3.3.1.6. Thyna Salt Ponds Just sout
Page 75 and 76: 3.3.2. Sebkhets and Chotts Sebkhets
Page 77 and 78: A. Fauna Ic the south and west part
Page 79 and 80: - Birds. Two rare species of duck h
Page 81 and 82: The high numbers .of pochard and co
Page 83 and 84: A. Fauna Whet there is water, the e
Page 85 and 86: winter there. Waterfowl observed in
Page 87 and 88: wetlands have been selected as repr
Page 89 and 90: A. Vegetation Alocg the pools, the
Page 91 and 92: There are five maic mocctaic system
Page 93 and 94: The ~roumirie/~ogods are composed o
Page 95 and 96: Much of the Krournirie/~ogods has b
Page 97 and 98: Undergrowth in the zen oak stands c
Page 99 and 100: C. Irflcerces Decse forest cover no
Page 101 and 102: B. Fauca To the west of Tabarka is
Page 103 and 104: A. Vegetation The mountaic is domin
Page 105 and 106: sparse, acd the rkemaq is mixed wit
Page 107 and 108: 3.4. Tucisiac Dorsal The Tanisian D
Page 109 and 110: B. Fauca -- Mammals. Fama of Djebel
Page 111: B. Fauca Mammals living or. Dj. Mrh
Page 115 and 116: A. Vegetatioc Dj. Hansour is fairly
Page 117 and 118: B. Fauna Fauna of special interest
Page 119 and 120: C. Icfluecces The mouctaic slopes a
Page 121 and 122: 3.4.3.13. Djebel Sidi Abder Rahmane
Page 123 and 124: 3.4.4. Mouctairs of the High Steppe
Page 125 and 126: A. Vegetation A t the sammit of Bou
Page 127 and 128: 3.4.5. Douirat !4ouctaics Ic southe
Page 129 and 130: 3.5. STEPPES The term steppe is oft
Page 131 and 132: Irfluences. The imp~cts of humar ac
Page 133 and 134: Ic the southeeat, heavier soils res
Page 135 and 136: C. Influecces Nost of the inland ar
Page 137 and 138: A t the base of Djebel Bou Hedma, t
Page 139 and 140: A. Vegetation Vegetatioc associatio
Page 141 and 142: .3.6. GRAND EASTERN ERG: SAHARA Alo
Page 143 and 144: 3.7. OASES There are abait 60,000,0
Page 145 and 146: 4. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DATA BY GOU
Page 147 and 148: - Cecetic Resource Placts: Ceratoci
Page 149 and 150: Medicical Placts: Asphodelis cerasi
Page 151 and 152: Birds: Le Kef (~orticsed ) t White
Page 153 and 154: D. SILIANA &jar Bmqstems: High Tell
Page 155 and 156: Area: 350,000 ha E. BIZERTE Major E
Page 157 and 158: Area: 290,000 ha F. NABEUL Major Ec
Page 159 and 160: Gancet Grey heror. Little egret t W
Page 161 and 162: Tucis (~ortinued) Xammals (foucd at
Page 163 and 164:
Area: 375,000 ha Ha jor Ecosystems:
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Area: 665,000 ha I. KAIROUAN Major
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Area: 800,000 ha J. KASSERINE Major
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Figure 13 Birds of the '~asserice C
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- Birds: See Figure 14 Sidi Bou Zid
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Area: 280,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
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Area: 235,000 ha N. SOUSSE Major Ec
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Area : 770,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
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Area: 695,000 ha P. GABES Major Eco
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Little grebe Great crested grebe Bl
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Area: 705,000 ha Najor Ecosystems:
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Area: 2,035,000 ha R. KEBILI Major
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Area: 845,000 ha S. MEDENINE Major
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Area: 3,600,000 ha T. TATAOUIME Naj
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Area: 610,000 ha U. TOZEUR Major Ec
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Arid Regiocs Institute (Icstitute d
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Law No. 58-105, 1958: Oc slopes > 2
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One of the goals of the catiocal pa
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5.4.9. Lake ~unfs Prbtected Vetland
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6. SU!
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4. Mouataies: A. Boi Korcire G.P.:
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, PART I1
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C. Querc~s cacariecsis (Zen oak) c.
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3. STATUS OF TUNISIAN FORESTS Ocly
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4. FOREST PROTECTION A cuxect polic
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LITERATURE CITED Acdrec, L. acd 14.
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Hollis, C. 1986. The modelling acd
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Vnr. Dijk et. al. 1986. Wictering w
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ANNEX 1 RARE, VERY RARE AND ENDEMIC
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Annex 1 (~onttnued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Ancex 1 (~octtcued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (~onticued) Species Status
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Acnex 2 (Cocticued) Comnor Kane: Sc
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Conmoc Name: Red-breasted merganser
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Connoc Came: Aiidoaic ' s gdl Slecd
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Conmoc Nane: Moustached warbler Aqu
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ANNEX 4 HEILICENHAFEM CRITERIA (~e~
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