biological diversity and tropical forests in tunisia - PART

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Figure 16 Parks and Reserves of Tunisia Zembra N.P. Ichkeul N.P. Chambi N.P. Bou Hedma N .P. Bou Kornine N.P. El Feidja Reserve Hamada - Sidi Toui Proposed N.P. Galite Reserve Lake Tunis Protected Wetland Ain Baccouch Reserve Mhibes Reserve Kechem el Kelb Reserve Orbata Reserve Dar Chichou Reserve Jenein - Oued Ouni Proposed Biosphere Reserve
One of the goals of the catiocal park pzogram is to have a pa-b repzesecticg each of the major ecosystems ic Tucisia. There are cu-~ectly 5 catiocal pa~ks, 2 pzoposed parks, acd 3 pzotected Feserves (figxe 16). Non-govexnent,al sowces have recomrnecded the establishmeet of additiocal protected areas at 19 othe:. locatiocs (IUCN l987), iccladicg the Da- Fatma bog, 2 lagoocs, 12 sebkhets acd chotts, 3 coastal a2eas acd K,-iate 5slar.d. The facca and flora of most of the catiocal pazks and reserves are discussed ic sectioc 3. A good dizectory of the natiocal pa~ks acd reserves was produced by the IUCN (1987). 5.4.1. Zembra Natiocal Park acd Biosphere Reserve 4030 ha The islacds of Zenbra and Zembl-etta we-e desigcated Tucisiavs first catiocal park ic 1977 by decree NO. 77-340. The ecosystem is described ic Sectior 3.: .2. A hotel acd Sucgalows were cocstzccted or Zemb-a acd iip to 200 people were p:esect daily ic the sumex befo-e 1979. The islards became a military base ic :979 acd all to~rism acd catiocal park nacagemect was halted (IUCC :967). Fron the :360s to 1976 the~e was a na-i time reseal-ch cente- OE Zenb-a, but it has beer. occupied by the Marice Nztiocale since :979. Some limited ~eseaxh has beec cocducted in recect yeaxi acd there are pxp3sals t3 -e-establish guided tos-s acd limited stags ox the islar2. 1-!ilita-y coctrol red~ces the detrinectal effects oe the ecosystem caused by toirists acd fishernee, but the military persoecel themselves may be disrcpticg the ecvirocmect. Prima-y needs of Zembra rational park a x ccrre~tly the re-delegatioc of macagemeet to the Forest7 Directorate acd the assigcmect of adequate park persoccel. 5.4.2. Ichkeul National Park acd B2osphere Reserve 10,775 ha Ltike Ichkeiil (~ectioc 3.3.1 .I ) acd Djebel Ichkeul (~ectlor 3.4.: .6) were established as a catiocal pa~k by Lav l!o. 80-1608 ic Decernbe: 19e0. Ichkeiil :!.P. is the ocly site ic the world to have the triple disticctjoc of beicg declared a biosphere reserve (1977), iccluded oe the list of Wetlacds of Icterxatj ocal Importacce (~amsaz Cocvectioc) and as a World Heritage site (: 980). Ac ecomuse.im (icfornation cecter) has beec cocstmcted oc Dj. Ichkeul with assistacce from the British l4usezm acd the WF. The miisem is irtecded to ed~cate the p.iblic about this very impo-tact ecosystem acd to prmote secsible tozistic iise acd awarecess ox the pa-t of local yesidects. The lake is the sicgle mst imp3-tact wetlacd for bi-ds ir Ir'3rth kf-ica, yet it is cu-rectly threatered by 6 dam p-ojects on the rfve~s tnat pxvide Ichkeil ~ i t h fresh wat~?. A -edoctioc ir f~eshwate- :r.pi;t wo-ld res-lt ir irc-eased saltwate- irp~t th~o3gh Oued Tirja. Chacges ic
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL F
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Preface Exec2tjve Sxmmary BIOLOGICA
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List of Figures: LISTS OF FIGURES A
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EIOLOCICAL DIVERSITY AXD TROPICAL F
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Vast areas are domicated by steppe
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Effective pollctioc coctrol legisla
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2. BACKGROUND INFOREATIOC ON TUNISI
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Table 1. Climate and Bioclimate Dat
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Important factors influencing the r
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have been made of medicinal plants
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forage plants that have Graminees :
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2.4 FAUNA Currently, about 75 speci
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All of the large mammals of Tunisia
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3. PRIMARY ECOSYSTENS OF TUFISIA 3.
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Urban wastes (sewage) also alter co
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combination of surface waters produ
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Raf Raf is highly cultivated, excep
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B. Fauna Rhodophyceae (red algae) L
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Mean annuah temperatures along this
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3.1.4. Culf of Cabes: Rass Kaboudia
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B. Fauna -- Mamnals. Although there
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Little grsbe Great crested grebe Bl
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Figure 5 Locations of Islands of Tu
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A. Vegetation Wuch of Galite is cov
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Duricg the cesticg season it is con
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species appearing at this stage inc
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factors increase predation on uplan
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B. Fauna Kuriate is one of the thre
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Fishermen construct long barricades
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A. Vegetation Most of Jerba has bee
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3.3. WETLANDS In this docamect the
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3.3.1 . Harkne Lakes and Lagoons 3.
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the number of species (zouali 1975)
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Honey buzzard Black kite Egyptian v
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B. Fauna Mammals. Red fox, jackal,
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center and the lake edge is highly
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3.3.1.6. Thyna Salt Ponds Just sout
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3.3.2. Sebkhets and Chotts Sebkhets
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A. Fauna Ic the south and west part
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- Birds. Two rare species of duck h
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The high numbers .of pochard and co
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A. Fauna Whet there is water, the e
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winter there. Waterfowl observed in
Page 87 and 88:
wetlands have been selected as repr
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A. Vegetation Alocg the pools, the
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There are five maic mocctaic system
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The ~roumirie/~ogods are composed o
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Much of the Krournirie/~ogods has b
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Undergrowth in the zen oak stands c
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C. Irflcerces Decse forest cover no
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B. Fauca To the west of Tabarka is
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A. Vegetation The mountaic is domin
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sparse, acd the rkemaq is mixed wit
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3.4. Tucisiac Dorsal The Tanisian D
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B. Fauca -- Mammals. Fama of Djebel
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B. Fauca Mammals living or. Dj. Mrh
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Astragalis fortanesii ssp. numidicd
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A. Vegetatioc Dj. Hansour is fairly
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B. Fauna Fauna of special interest
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C. Icfluecces The mouctaic slopes a
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3.4.3.13. Djebel Sidi Abder Rahmane
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3.4.4. Mouctairs of the High Steppe
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A. Vegetation A t the sammit of Bou
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3.4.5. Douirat !4ouctaics Ic southe
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3.5. STEPPES The term steppe is oft
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Irfluences. The imp~cts of humar ac
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Ic the southeeat, heavier soils res
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C. Influecces Nost of the inland ar
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A t the base of Djebel Bou Hedma, t
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A. Vegetation Vegetatioc associatio
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.3.6. GRAND EASTERN ERG: SAHARA Alo
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3.7. OASES There are abait 60,000,0
Page 145 and 146: 4. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DATA BY GOU
Page 147 and 148: - Cecetic Resource Placts: Ceratoci
Page 149 and 150: Medicical Placts: Asphodelis cerasi
Page 151 and 152: Birds: Le Kef (~orticsed ) t White
Page 153 and 154: D. SILIANA &jar Bmqstems: High Tell
Page 155 and 156: Area: 350,000 ha E. BIZERTE Major E
Page 157 and 158: Area: 290,000 ha F. NABEUL Major Ec
Page 159 and 160: Gancet Grey heror. Little egret t W
Page 161 and 162: Tucis (~ortinued) Xammals (foucd at
Page 163 and 164: Area: 375,000 ha Ha jor Ecosystems:
Page 165 and 166: Area: 665,000 ha I. KAIROUAN Major
Page 167 and 168: Area: 800,000 ha J. KASSERINE Major
Page 169 and 170: Figure 13 Birds of the '~asserice C
Page 171 and 172: - Birds: See Figure 14 Sidi Bou Zid
Page 173 and 174: Area: 280,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
Page 175 and 176: Area: 235,000 ha N. SOUSSE Major Ec
Page 177 and 178: Area : 770,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
Page 179 and 180: Area: 695,000 ha P. GABES Major Eco
Page 181 and 182: Little grebe Great crested grebe Bl
Page 183 and 184: Area: 705,000 ha Najor Ecosystems:
Page 185 and 186: Area: 2,035,000 ha R. KEBILI Major
Page 187 and 188: Area: 845,000 ha S. MEDENINE Major
Page 189 and 190: Area: 3,600,000 ha T. TATAOUIME Naj
Page 191 and 192: Area: 610,000 ha U. TOZEUR Major Ec
Page 193 and 194: Arid Regiocs Institute (Icstitute d
Page 195: Law No. 58-105, 1958: Oc slopes > 2
Page 200 and 201: 5.4.9. Lake ~unfs Prbtected Vetland
Page 202 and 203: 6. SU!
Page 204 and 205: 4. Mouataies: A. Boi Korcire G.P.:
Page 206 and 207: , PART I1
Page 208 and 209: C. Querc~s cacariecsis (Zen oak) c.
Page 210 and 211: 3. STATUS OF TUNISIAN FORESTS Ocly
Page 212 and 213: 4. FOREST PROTECTION A cuxect polic
Page 214 and 215: LITERATURE CITED Acdrec, L. acd 14.
Page 216 and 217: Hollis, C. 1986. The modelling acd
Page 218 and 219: Vnr. Dijk et. al. 1986. Wictering w
Page 220 and 221: ANNEX 1 RARE, VERY RARE AND ENDEMIC
Page 222 and 223: Annex 1 (~onttnued) Species Status
Page 224 and 225: Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
Page 226 and 227: Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
Page 228 and 229: Ancex 1 (~octtcued) Species Status
Page 230 and 231: Annex 1 (~onticued) Species Status
Page 232 and 233: Acnex 2 (Cocticued) Comnor Kane: Sc
Page 234 and 235: Conmoc Name: Red-breasted merganser
Page 236 and 237: Connoc Came: Aiidoaic ' s gdl Slecd
Page 238 and 239: Conmoc Nane: Moustached warbler Aqu
Page 240 and 241: ANNEX 4 HEILICENHAFEM CRITERIA (~e~
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