biological diversity and tropical forests in tunisia - PART

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Rodects : Hystrix cristata NA Elephactalus rozeti NA Ctecodactylas gundi NA Gerbillus campestris G. nanus WA G. simoci G. gerbillus , G. pyramidum Pachyuromys daprasi NA Merioces shawi H. crassas M. libycus Psammomys obesus Mus rnasculus Rattus rattas R . alcxacd ricus Jaculas jaculus Bats: Rhicolophus mehelyi R. euryale My~tis blythioxygcathzs Eptesicas seroticus isabellicus Plecotas austricacas aegypticus - Crested porcupice Elephant Shrew Gundi Gerbils Shaw's jird Libyac jird Sard rat Hosse mosse black rat palm rat Lesser Egyptiac jerboa Birds. A great variety of migratory and wictericg birds occur at Dj. Bou Hedma acd are listed ic Section 4 (~o~~vercorat of Sidi BOL id). Sadectary birds icclude a number of cesticg raptors acd passerice species (~ir. For. 1980) such as: Short-toed eagle Peregrice Blue rock thrash Locg- legged bzzzard Kest re1 Rock dove Borellie s eagle Lancer falcoc Mosrcicg wheatear Colder eagle Little swift Black wheatear Egyptiac v~ltare Crag martin Rock sparrow Grazicg has had a stmcg influecce on the species c~mpositix of Boa Hedma. The most dwamic grazed species (~choenenberger 1376 ) are: Aristada ciliata Periploca laevigata A. obtusa Lycium arabiczm Cenchrss ciliaris Rhus tripartit~m Koricacdia arvensis Acacia raddiaca while species like Acabasis oropediorum acd Cymr.ocarpos decacder are so severely affected by grazicg that regeceratioc ceases. Part of Dj. BO.J Hedrna and the adjacect steppe have beec established as a catiocal park. Abo~t 3,660 ha are klly protected ard ar- addi tloral 12,828 ha are reg~lated as a bsffer zoce (IUCB 1987). A~imal reictrod;ctioc acd other park macagemect placs are be5 re implernected (~ectio~ 5.4.4).
3.4.5. Douirat !4ouctaics Ic southerc Tunisia, alocg the eastern border of the Gracd Erg is a long chair of low mo~ctaics acd high plateaus. The Douirat moxtaics are orierted K-S ard racge in altitude from 300 - 600 m. Due to the iccreased altit~des, the mouctains are slightly cooler and receive more raic than the surroacdi~g desert, but the annual precipitatioc fs still only 200 - 300 mrn. Vegetatioc. Plact associations in the northern. part of the Douirat mouctaics differ from those of the south ic that the apper slopes from Katmata to Dj. Rhar el Jami (NM of ~ataouine) are vegetated by degraded Junipens phoenicea garrigues. Juniper is scarce on most of the mozctaics ard may soon disappear completely. Other species of the assocjatioc (ORSTOE 1962) icclude scattered : Ceratocia siliqaa Rhas tripartitam Olea earopaea oleaster Periploca laevigata Pistacia atlantjca Calycotome villosa acd, nore commorly, thermophiles acd calcicoles: acd other species, sach as: Tescriam polium Phagnalon saxitile Rosmaricus officicalis Cistiis libacotis Globiilaria alypum Fumaca thymifolia Thymus capitatus Gynnocarpos decarder T. hirtus Heliacthemum kahiricum Coris monspeliecsis H. ruficor~m Atractylis serratuloides Stipa parviflora Gecista microcephala Herriaria foctacesii Or the lower slopes acd on the moxtains to the south, the vegetatioc grozps irdicate fbrther degradatioc. The associatior of Arthrophytum scoparian acd Artemisia herba-alba, Stipa tecacissima variart also cortairs: Tetrapogor villosus Percisetum elatum Hyparrheria hirta Farsetia aegyptiaca Moricacdia arvecsis Ac overexploitation of the esparto grass ard other vegetatioc has reszlted in a vegetatioc stage characterized by the abardacce of: Gymcocarpos decarder Helianthemirm kahiricun Herciaria f r~ticosa A tractylis serratuloides Anabasis articulata oropediorum This vegetatior stage represects ac irreversible desertificatjor process (Le Hoseros 1959 ir ORSTOM 1962). which seems to accelerate xder dem~graphic presszre .
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL F
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Preface Exec2tjve Sxmmary BIOLOGICA
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List of Figures: LISTS OF FIGURES A
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EIOLOCICAL DIVERSITY AXD TROPICAL F
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Vast areas are domicated by steppe
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Effective pollctioc coctrol legisla
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2. BACKGROUND INFOREATIOC ON TUNISI
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Table 1. Climate and Bioclimate Dat
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Important factors influencing the r
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have been made of medicinal plants
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forage plants that have Graminees :
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2.4 FAUNA Currently, about 75 speci
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All of the large mammals of Tunisia
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3. PRIMARY ECOSYSTENS OF TUFISIA 3.
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Urban wastes (sewage) also alter co
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combination of surface waters produ
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Raf Raf is highly cultivated, excep
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B. Fauna Rhodophyceae (red algae) L
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Mean annuah temperatures along this
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3.1.4. Culf of Cabes: Rass Kaboudia
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B. Fauna -- Mamnals. Although there
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Little grsbe Great crested grebe Bl
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Figure 5 Locations of Islands of Tu
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A. Vegetation Wuch of Galite is cov
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Duricg the cesticg season it is con
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species appearing at this stage inc
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factors increase predation on uplan
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B. Fauna Kuriate is one of the thre
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Fishermen construct long barricades
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A. Vegetation Most of Jerba has bee
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3.3. WETLANDS In this docamect the
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3.3.1 . Harkne Lakes and Lagoons 3.
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the number of species (zouali 1975)
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Honey buzzard Black kite Egyptian v
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B. Fauna Mammals. Red fox, jackal,
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center and the lake edge is highly
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3.3.1.6. Thyna Salt Ponds Just sout
Page 75 and 76: 3.3.2. Sebkhets and Chotts Sebkhets
Page 77 and 78: A. Fauna Ic the south and west part
Page 79 and 80: - Birds. Two rare species of duck h
Page 81 and 82: The high numbers .of pochard and co
Page 83 and 84: A. Fauna Whet there is water, the e
Page 85 and 86: winter there. Waterfowl observed in
Page 87 and 88: wetlands have been selected as repr
Page 89 and 90: A. Vegetation Alocg the pools, the
Page 91 and 92: There are five maic mocctaic system
Page 93 and 94: The ~roumirie/~ogods are composed o
Page 95 and 96: Much of the Krournirie/~ogods has b
Page 97 and 98: Undergrowth in the zen oak stands c
Page 99 and 100: C. Irflcerces Decse forest cover no
Page 101 and 102: B. Fauca To the west of Tabarka is
Page 103 and 104: A. Vegetation The mountaic is domin
Page 105 and 106: sparse, acd the rkemaq is mixed wit
Page 107 and 108: 3.4. Tucisiac Dorsal The Tanisian D
Page 109 and 110: B. Fauca -- Mammals. Fama of Djebel
Page 111 and 112: B. Fauca Mammals living or. Dj. Mrh
Page 113 and 114: Astragalis fortanesii ssp. numidicd
Page 115 and 116: A. Vegetatioc Dj. Hansour is fairly
Page 117 and 118: B. Fauna Fauna of special interest
Page 119 and 120: C. Icfluecces The mouctaic slopes a
Page 121 and 122: 3.4.3.13. Djebel Sidi Abder Rahmane
Page 123 and 124: 3.4.4. Mouctairs of the High Steppe
Page 125: A. Vegetation A t the sammit of Bou
Page 129 and 130: 3.5. STEPPES The term steppe is oft
Page 131 and 132: Irfluences. The imp~cts of humar ac
Page 133 and 134: Ic the southeeat, heavier soils res
Page 135 and 136: C. Influecces Nost of the inland ar
Page 137 and 138: A t the base of Djebel Bou Hedma, t
Page 139 and 140: A. Vegetation Vegetatioc associatio
Page 141 and 142: .3.6. GRAND EASTERN ERG: SAHARA Alo
Page 143 and 144: 3.7. OASES There are abait 60,000,0
Page 145 and 146: 4. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DATA BY GOU
Page 147 and 148: - Cecetic Resource Placts: Ceratoci
Page 149 and 150: Medicical Placts: Asphodelis cerasi
Page 151 and 152: Birds: Le Kef (~orticsed ) t White
Page 153 and 154: D. SILIANA &jar Bmqstems: High Tell
Page 155 and 156: Area: 350,000 ha E. BIZERTE Major E
Page 157 and 158: Area: 290,000 ha F. NABEUL Major Ec
Page 159 and 160: Gancet Grey heror. Little egret t W
Page 161 and 162: Tucis (~ortinued) Xammals (foucd at
Page 163 and 164: Area: 375,000 ha Ha jor Ecosystems:
Page 165 and 166: Area: 665,000 ha I. KAIROUAN Major
Page 167 and 168: Area: 800,000 ha J. KASSERINE Major
Page 169 and 170: Figure 13 Birds of the '~asserice C
Page 171 and 172: - Birds: See Figure 14 Sidi Bou Zid
Page 173 and 174: Area: 280,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
Page 175 and 176: Area: 235,000 ha N. SOUSSE Major Ec
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Area : 770,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
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Area: 695,000 ha P. GABES Major Eco
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Little grebe Great crested grebe Bl
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Area: 705,000 ha Najor Ecosystems:
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Area: 2,035,000 ha R. KEBILI Major
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Area: 845,000 ha S. MEDENINE Major
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Area: 3,600,000 ha T. TATAOUIME Naj
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Area: 610,000 ha U. TOZEUR Major Ec
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Arid Regiocs Institute (Icstitute d
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Law No. 58-105, 1958: Oc slopes > 2
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One of the goals of the catiocal pa
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5.4.9. Lake ~unfs Prbtected Vetland
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6. SU!
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4. Mouataies: A. Boi Korcire G.P.:
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, PART I1
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C. Querc~s cacariecsis (Zen oak) c.
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3. STATUS OF TUNISIAN FORESTS Ocly
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4. FOREST PROTECTION A cuxect polic
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LITERATURE CITED Acdrec, L. acd 14.
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Hollis, C. 1986. The modelling acd
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Vnr. Dijk et. al. 1986. Wictering w
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ANNEX 1 RARE, VERY RARE AND ENDEMIC
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Annex 1 (~onttnued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Ancex 1 (~octtcued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (~onticued) Species Status
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Acnex 2 (Cocticued) Comnor Kane: Sc
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Conmoc Name: Red-breasted merganser
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Connoc Came: Aiidoaic ' s gdl Slecd
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Conmoc Nane: Moustached warbler Aqu
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ANNEX 4 HEILICENHAFEM CRITERIA (~e~
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