biological diversity and tropical forests in tunisia - PART

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Near Kebili, oases occur caturally or have been created in areas previozsly vegetated by the association of: B. Faiica Retama raetam Arthrophytum schmittiacum var. schmittianum Suaeda vermiculata Mammals foznd ic the oases reflect the presence of ictersive cultivatioc and humac disturbarce. Rattus rattus and macy other small rodects (gerbils, mice, etc.) occur, but the ocly large mammals are wild boars, which occasiocally damage crops. Predators, such as jackals, fox acd wild csts sometimes vectsre into the oases, but they are very secretive ecd oftec ocly remajc for a short period of time. Cases I s provide 6c excellect resticg for a variety of migraticg birds acd nzcy seiectzry species rest at the oases or ecter to feed and drick. Fish occ;r ratir~lly, acd have beec ictroduced, ir macy ~f the oases. The types of f:sh ir.cl.~de: Aphaczs 9arS;s acticorii Eezichrornis Gambusi a Astatotilapia Ti lapia (~arotherodoc) ks previously mectioced, the primary humar. icfluecce or oasis ecosy stens is i ctecsive czl tivatioc acd irrigatioc. Wells drj lled to irrigtite rev croplards have reduced water flows ic some areas ard resulted ic the aessicatioc or depradatior of some oases. Duricg the spring, migratirg birds are oftec captured with snares ic the oases (~r~mmet 19~7). !'lacy oases are threateced by the effects of desertifi catjoc. Wicd blowr. sacd can be trapped by the palm trees acd moving dunes cac cover an oasis destroyicg the ecosystem. The Forestry Directorate has implemented protectioc measures at more than 50 oases, including planticg 1,700 ha of wicdbreaks to protect some of the more economically importact acd ichabited areas.
4. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DATA BY GOUVERNORAT Tucisia is divided into 21 governmental units, or gouverrorats. Ic this section, summaries are given of the major ecosystems; specific sites, flora and fauna of icterest; and factors influencing biological divers3ty in each gouvercorat. Specific sites are cross referenced to sections where more detailed informatio~ can be found. The headings 'Medicinal Placts' acd 'Genetic Resource Placts' refer to Sectfoc 2.3.1. The lists given are not complete, and sometimes the relative lecgths may correspocd more to rescarch and reporticg intensity thac to comparative differecces ic bi.olog5cal diversity betweec gouvercorats. The summaries are irtecded to give baselice data ard highlight ecvirocmectal coccErcs, which car be used in preparicg Ecvironmectal Assessmects for projects targeted ic the various gouvernorats. The summaries are also intended to facilitate the selectioc of priority areas for species or ecosystez specific cocservation projects. The goJvercorats are presented ir. the following arder: BEJA JERDOUSA LE KEF SILIANA EI ZERTE KABEUL TUNIS ZAGHOUP.!J KAIROUAK KASSERIKE SIDI BOU ZID KAHDI A 1,IONASTIR SOUSSS SFAX GABES CAFSA KEBILI KEDENINE TfiTAOUI1:E POZEUT?
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL F
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Preface Exec2tjve Sxmmary BIOLOGICA
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List of Figures: LISTS OF FIGURES A
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EIOLOCICAL DIVERSITY AXD TROPICAL F
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Vast areas are domicated by steppe
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Effective pollctioc coctrol legisla
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2. BACKGROUND INFOREATIOC ON TUNISI
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Table 1. Climate and Bioclimate Dat
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Important factors influencing the r
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have been made of medicinal plants
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forage plants that have Graminees :
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2.4 FAUNA Currently, about 75 speci
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All of the large mammals of Tunisia
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3. PRIMARY ECOSYSTENS OF TUFISIA 3.
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Urban wastes (sewage) also alter co
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combination of surface waters produ
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Raf Raf is highly cultivated, excep
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B. Fauna Rhodophyceae (red algae) L
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Mean annuah temperatures along this
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3.1.4. Culf of Cabes: Rass Kaboudia
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B. Fauna -- Mamnals. Although there
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Little grsbe Great crested grebe Bl
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Figure 5 Locations of Islands of Tu
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A. Vegetation Wuch of Galite is cov
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Duricg the cesticg season it is con
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species appearing at this stage inc
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factors increase predation on uplan
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B. Fauna Kuriate is one of the thre
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Fishermen construct long barricades
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A. Vegetation Most of Jerba has bee
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3.3. WETLANDS In this docamect the
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3.3.1 . Harkne Lakes and Lagoons 3.
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the number of species (zouali 1975)
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Honey buzzard Black kite Egyptian v
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B. Fauna Mammals. Red fox, jackal,
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center and the lake edge is highly
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3.3.1.6. Thyna Salt Ponds Just sout
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3.3.2. Sebkhets and Chotts Sebkhets
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A. Fauna Ic the south and west part
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- Birds. Two rare species of duck h
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The high numbers .of pochard and co
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A. Fauna Whet there is water, the e
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winter there. Waterfowl observed in
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wetlands have been selected as repr
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A. Vegetation Alocg the pools, the
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There are five maic mocctaic system
Page 93 and 94: The ~roumirie/~ogods are composed o
Page 95 and 96: Much of the Krournirie/~ogods has b
Page 97 and 98: Undergrowth in the zen oak stands c
Page 99 and 100: C. Irflcerces Decse forest cover no
Page 101 and 102: B. Fauca To the west of Tabarka is
Page 103 and 104: A. Vegetation The mountaic is domin
Page 105 and 106: sparse, acd the rkemaq is mixed wit
Page 107 and 108: 3.4. Tucisiac Dorsal The Tanisian D
Page 109 and 110: B. Fauca -- Mammals. Fama of Djebel
Page 111 and 112: B. Fauca Mammals living or. Dj. Mrh
Page 113 and 114: Astragalis fortanesii ssp. numidicd
Page 115 and 116: A. Vegetatioc Dj. Hansour is fairly
Page 117 and 118: B. Fauna Fauna of special interest
Page 119 and 120: C. Icfluecces The mouctaic slopes a
Page 121 and 122: 3.4.3.13. Djebel Sidi Abder Rahmane
Page 123 and 124: 3.4.4. Mouctairs of the High Steppe
Page 125 and 126: A. Vegetation A t the sammit of Bou
Page 127 and 128: 3.4.5. Douirat !4ouctaics Ic southe
Page 129 and 130: 3.5. STEPPES The term steppe is oft
Page 131 and 132: Irfluences. The imp~cts of humar ac
Page 133 and 134: Ic the southeeat, heavier soils res
Page 135 and 136: C. Influecces Nost of the inland ar
Page 137 and 138: A t the base of Djebel Bou Hedma, t
Page 139 and 140: A. Vegetation Vegetatioc associatio
Page 141 and 142: .3.6. GRAND EASTERN ERG: SAHARA Alo
Page 143: 3.7. OASES There are abait 60,000,0
Page 147 and 148: - Cecetic Resource Placts: Ceratoci
Page 149 and 150: Medicical Placts: Asphodelis cerasi
Page 151 and 152: Birds: Le Kef (~orticsed ) t White
Page 153 and 154: D. SILIANA &jar Bmqstems: High Tell
Page 155 and 156: Area: 350,000 ha E. BIZERTE Major E
Page 157 and 158: Area: 290,000 ha F. NABEUL Major Ec
Page 159 and 160: Gancet Grey heror. Little egret t W
Page 161 and 162: Tucis (~ortinued) Xammals (foucd at
Page 163 and 164: Area: 375,000 ha Ha jor Ecosystems:
Page 165 and 166: Area: 665,000 ha I. KAIROUAN Major
Page 167 and 168: Area: 800,000 ha J. KASSERINE Major
Page 169 and 170: Figure 13 Birds of the '~asserice C
Page 171 and 172: - Birds: See Figure 14 Sidi Bou Zid
Page 173 and 174: Area: 280,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
Page 175 and 176: Area: 235,000 ha N. SOUSSE Major Ec
Page 177 and 178: Area : 770,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
Page 179 and 180: Area: 695,000 ha P. GABES Major Eco
Page 181 and 182: Little grebe Great crested grebe Bl
Page 183 and 184: Area: 705,000 ha Najor Ecosystems:
Page 185 and 186: Area: 2,035,000 ha R. KEBILI Major
Page 187 and 188: Area: 845,000 ha S. MEDENINE Major
Page 189 and 190: Area: 3,600,000 ha T. TATAOUIME Naj
Page 191 and 192: Area: 610,000 ha U. TOZEUR Major Ec
Page 193 and 194: Arid Regiocs Institute (Icstitute d
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Law No. 58-105, 1958: Oc slopes > 2
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One of the goals of the catiocal pa
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5.4.9. Lake ~unfs Prbtected Vetland
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6. SU!
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4. Mouataies: A. Boi Korcire G.P.:
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, PART I1
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C. Querc~s cacariecsis (Zen oak) c.
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3. STATUS OF TUNISIAN FORESTS Ocly
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4. FOREST PROTECTION A cuxect polic
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LITERATURE CITED Acdrec, L. acd 14.
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Hollis, C. 1986. The modelling acd
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Vnr. Dijk et. al. 1986. Wictering w
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ANNEX 1 RARE, VERY RARE AND ENDEMIC
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Annex 1 (~onttnued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Ancex 1 (~octtcued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (~onticued) Species Status
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Acnex 2 (Cocticued) Comnor Kane: Sc
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Conmoc Name: Red-breasted merganser
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Connoc Came: Aiidoaic ' s gdl Slecd
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Conmoc Nane: Moustached warbler Aqu
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ANNEX 4 HEILICENHAFEM CRITERIA (~e~
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