biological diversity and tropical forests in tunisia - PART

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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTS IN TUNISIA Prepared by Sc~tt I). Poscer The Washicetor D.C. acd Tsris Offices of the Ageccy fbr Ictercati oral Develapmert
Preface Exec2tjve Sxmmary BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL FORESTS IN TU?!ISIA <strong>PART</strong> I : EIOLOCICAL DIVERSITY TABLE OF CO?lTEYlTS Page: 2 . Sackgroc~d Ir.f3rnatioc oc Tccisja ............................ 2 2 . . Tt. E Co~crry ........................................ 2 -. - L.L. C1:xte ........................................ 2 2.3. Flora ................................................. 5 2 7 . . Gec~tic Reso~rces ............................ 6 2.7.2. Species ic Need of Protectior ................ 10 2.3.3. Prctectioc Agencies .......................... 11 2 4 . 9a;ra ................................................. 12 2.7. Yamrels ...................................... 12 2.1.2. ?irds ........................................ 14 2.4. X~cticg ...................................... 75 2 4 . . Faza Protecrioc ............................. 15 3 . Prizary Zcssystens of T.xisia ................................ 16 3 ... Coastrl Zoces ......................................... 16 3.1.1. Corsl Coast .................................. 18 3.7.2. C. ilf of P~cis ................................ 21 3.3. G~2f of Hammarnet ............................. 25 3.1.L. G~lf of Cabes ................................ 28 3.2. 1slar.d~ ............................................... 33 3.2.1. Galite ....................................... 35 3.2.2. Zembra ....................................... 38 3.2.3. Kxriate ...................................... 43 3.2.4. Kerkeccah .................................... 44 3.2.5. Kceiss ....................................... 46 3.2.6. Jerba ........................................ 47 3.3. k!etlacds .............................................. 50 3.3.1. !%rice Lakes acd Lagoons ...................... 52 3.3.2. Sebkhets acd Chotts ........................... 64 3.3.7. Rivers acd Reservoirs ........................ 74 3.3.r. Other Freshwater Uetlacds .................... 75 7.L. .lo-rtei r.s ............................................. 80 3 . L ... Kro-nirj e/!lagods ............................. 80 3.L.2. !!:gh "ell .................................... 92 3.1.3. T.;r.S sf.ar. Dorsal .............................. 95 3.4.4. T'3 .;rta S.rs ~f the High Steppe ................. :I2 3.1.5. Do-Srat 116 ...................................... i i i
Page 1: BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL F
Page 5 and 6: List of Figures: LISTS OF FIGURES A
Page 7 and 8: EIOLOCICAL DIVERSITY AXD TROPICAL F
Page 9 and 10: Vast areas are domicated by steppe
Page 11 and 12: Effective pollctioc coctrol legisla
Page 13 and 14: 2. BACKGROUND INFOREATIOC ON TUNISI
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Climate and Bioclimate Dat
Page 17 and 18: Important factors influencing the r
Page 19 and 20: have been made of medicinal plants
Page 21 and 22: forage plants that have Graminees :
Page 23 and 24: 2.4 FAUNA Currently, about 75 speci
Page 25 and 26: All of the large mammals of Tunisia
Page 27 and 28: 3. PRIMARY ECOSYSTENS OF TUFISIA 3.
Page 29 and 30: Urban wastes (sewage) also alter co
Page 31 and 32: combination of surface waters produ
Page 33 and 34: Raf Raf is highly cultivated, excep
Page 35 and 36: B. Fauna Rhodophyceae (red algae) L
Page 37 and 38: Mean annuah temperatures along this
Page 39 and 40: 3.1.4. Culf of Cabes: Rass Kaboudia
Page 41 and 42: B. Fauna -- Mamnals. Although there
Page 43 and 44: Little grsbe Great crested grebe Bl
Page 45 and 46: Figure 5 Locations of Islands of Tu
Page 47 and 48: A. Vegetation Wuch of Galite is cov
Page 49 and 50: Duricg the cesticg season it is con
Page 51 and 52: species appearing at this stage inc
Page 53 and 54:
factors increase predation on uplan
Page 55 and 56:
B. Fauna Kuriate is one of the thre
Page 57 and 58:
Fishermen construct long barricades
Page 59 and 60:
A. Vegetation Most of Jerba has bee
Page 61 and 62:
3.3. WETLANDS In this docamect the
Page 63 and 64:
3.3.1 . Harkne Lakes and Lagoons 3.
Page 65 and 66:
the number of species (zouali 1975)
Page 67 and 68:
Honey buzzard Black kite Egyptian v
Page 69 and 70:
B. Fauna Mammals. Red fox, jackal,
Page 71 and 72:
center and the lake edge is highly
Page 73 and 74:
3.3.1.6. Thyna Salt Ponds Just sout
Page 75 and 76:
3.3.2. Sebkhets and Chotts Sebkhets
Page 77 and 78:
A. Fauna Ic the south and west part
Page 79 and 80:
- Birds. Two rare species of duck h
Page 81 and 82:
The high numbers .of pochard and co
Page 83 and 84:
A. Fauna Whet there is water, the e
Page 85 and 86:
winter there. Waterfowl observed in
Page 87 and 88:
wetlands have been selected as repr
Page 89 and 90:
A. Vegetation Alocg the pools, the
Page 91 and 92:
There are five maic mocctaic system
Page 93 and 94:
The ~roumirie/~ogods are composed o
Page 95 and 96:
Much of the Krournirie/~ogods has b
Page 97 and 98:
Undergrowth in the zen oak stands c
Page 99 and 100:
C. Irflcerces Decse forest cover no
Page 101 and 102:
B. Fauca To the west of Tabarka is
Page 103 and 104:
A. Vegetation The mountaic is domin
Page 105 and 106:
sparse, acd the rkemaq is mixed wit
Page 107 and 108:
3.4. Tucisiac Dorsal The Tanisian D
Page 109 and 110:
B. Fauca -- Mammals. Fama of Djebel
Page 111 and 112:
B. Fauca Mammals living or. Dj. Mrh
Page 113 and 114:
Astragalis fortanesii ssp. numidicd
Page 115 and 116:
A. Vegetatioc Dj. Hansour is fairly
Page 117 and 118:
B. Fauna Fauna of special interest
Page 119 and 120:
C. Icfluecces The mouctaic slopes a
Page 121 and 122:
3.4.3.13. Djebel Sidi Abder Rahmane
Page 123 and 124:
3.4.4. Mouctairs of the High Steppe
Page 125 and 126:
A. Vegetation A t the sammit of Bou
Page 127 and 128:
3.4.5. Douirat !4ouctaics Ic southe
Page 129 and 130:
3.5. STEPPES The term steppe is oft
Page 131 and 132:
Irfluences. The imp~cts of humar ac
Page 133 and 134:
Ic the southeeat, heavier soils res
Page 135 and 136:
C. Influecces Nost of the inland ar
Page 137 and 138:
A t the base of Djebel Bou Hedma, t
Page 139 and 140:
A. Vegetation Vegetatioc associatio
Page 141 and 142:
.3.6. GRAND EASTERN ERG: SAHARA Alo
Page 143 and 144:
3.7. OASES There are abait 60,000,0
Page 145 and 146:
4. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DATA BY GOU
Page 147 and 148:
- Cecetic Resource Placts: Ceratoci
Page 149 and 150:
Medicical Placts: Asphodelis cerasi
Page 151 and 152:
Birds: Le Kef (~orticsed ) t White
Page 153 and 154:
D. SILIANA &jar Bmqstems: High Tell
Page 155 and 156:
Area: 350,000 ha E. BIZERTE Major E
Page 157 and 158:
Area: 290,000 ha F. NABEUL Major Ec
Page 159 and 160:
Gancet Grey heror. Little egret t W
Page 161 and 162:
Tucis (~ortinued) Xammals (foucd at
Page 163 and 164:
Area: 375,000 ha Ha jor Ecosystems:
Page 165 and 166:
Area: 665,000 ha I. KAIROUAN Major
Page 167 and 168:
Area: 800,000 ha J. KASSERINE Major
Page 169 and 170:
Figure 13 Birds of the '~asserice C
Page 171 and 172:
- Birds: See Figure 14 Sidi Bou Zid
Page 173 and 174:
Area: 280,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
Page 175 and 176:
Area: 235,000 ha N. SOUSSE Major Ec
Page 177 and 178:
Area : 770,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
Page 179 and 180:
Area: 695,000 ha P. GABES Major Eco
Page 181 and 182:
Little grebe Great crested grebe Bl
Page 183 and 184:
Area: 705,000 ha Najor Ecosystems:
Page 185 and 186:
Area: 2,035,000 ha R. KEBILI Major
Page 187 and 188:
Area: 845,000 ha S. MEDENINE Major
Page 189 and 190:
Area: 3,600,000 ha T. TATAOUIME Naj
Page 191 and 192:
Area: 610,000 ha U. TOZEUR Major Ec
Page 193 and 194:
Arid Regiocs Institute (Icstitute d
Page 195 and 196:
Law No. 58-105, 1958: Oc slopes > 2
Page 197:
One of the goals of the catiocal pa
Page 200 and 201:
5.4.9. Lake ~unfs Prbtected Vetland
Page 202 and 203:
6. SU!
Page 204 and 205:
4. Mouataies: A. Boi Korcire G.P.:
Page 206 and 207:
, PART I1
Page 208 and 209:
C. Querc~s cacariecsis (Zen oak) c.
Page 210 and 211:
3. STATUS OF TUNISIAN FORESTS Ocly
Page 212 and 213:
4. FOREST PROTECTION A cuxect polic
Page 214 and 215:
LITERATURE CITED Acdrec, L. acd 14.
Page 216 and 217:
Hollis, C. 1986. The modelling acd
Page 218 and 219:
Vnr. Dijk et. al. 1986. Wictering w
Page 220 and 221:
ANNEX 1 RARE, VERY RARE AND ENDEMIC
Page 222 and 223:
Annex 1 (~onttnued) Species Status
Page 224 and 225:
Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
Page 226 and 227:
Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
Page 228 and 229:
Ancex 1 (~octtcued) Species Status
Page 230 and 231:
Annex 1 (~onticued) Species Status
Page 232 and 233:
Acnex 2 (Cocticued) Comnor Kane: Sc
Page 234 and 235:
Conmoc Name: Red-breasted merganser
Page 236 and 237:
Connoc Came: Aiidoaic ' s gdl Slecd
Page 238 and 239:
Conmoc Nane: Moustached warbler Aqu
Page 240 and 241:
ANNEX 4 HEILICENHAFEM CRITERIA (~e~
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