biological diversity and tropical forests in tunisia - PART

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nediterranean Figure 8 Mountain Ranges of Tunisia Kroumirie Hogods High Tell Tunisian Dorsal Mountains of the High Steppe Douirat
The ~roumirie/~ogods are composed of limestone, sandstone and clay from in the oligocene era. Dominant soils are moderately acidic and often leached. Forest soils are heavy, hydromorphic and fairly rich tn well decomposed humus (ONUPAA 1985). Poorer soils in unforested areas are finer and lighter sandy-limes. Secondary aoils include heavy vertiaols and hydromorphs at bases of slopes and brown calcareoiis soils. Vegetation. A vast forest of Zen oak Quercus canariensis and cork oak Quercus suber once covered the Kroumirke/Mogods. Smaller forests of& afares kermes oak & coccifera and Pinus pinaster alao grew. Clearing -9 and cultivation in the lower valleys has reduced the extensiveness of the forests, but the Kroumirie/Mogods are etill the most forested regions of Tunisia. Cork oak forest predominates, stretching from the Algerian border, throughout the Kroumirie and fnto the Mogods. The variations in altitude, soil and climate encompassed by the range of the cork oak forests results in a diversity of associated vegetation types. Cuenot and Schoenenberger (1965) described the primary associations acd variants of the vegetation primary associatior or the higher mountains understory of various proportiors of: Erica arborea Cytisus triflorus Calycotome villosa Cist~s salviifolias ir cortherc Turisia. The consists of cork oak with an Viburnum ticus Rubus ulmifolius Myrtus commuris On lower moantains and slopes the understory coctaics many of the above species, but the more humid shrub types are replaced. There is also a greatly differing herb layer. Commoc associatiocs are indicated by: Erica arborea Pistacia lertiscus Calycotome villosa Myrtus commu~is Cistus salviifolius Phillyrea argustifolis media C. monspeliensis and a common variant that occurs on drier slopes is kndicated by the presecce of Lavandula stoechas and: Erica scoparia Genfsta aspalathoides Halimium halimifolium TA G. ulckna In the Mogods, cork oak forests are often mixed wtth kermes oak, which becomes the dominant species in many locations. A common association includes the oaks and: Pistacia lentiscus Erica arborea Myrtus comrnunis Viburrum tinus Rubus ulmifolius
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BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND TROPICAL F
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Preface Exec2tjve Sxmmary BIOLOGICA
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List of Figures: LISTS OF FIGURES A
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EIOLOCICAL DIVERSITY AXD TROPICAL F
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Vast areas are domicated by steppe
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Effective pollctioc coctrol legisla
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2. BACKGROUND INFOREATIOC ON TUNISI
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Table 1. Climate and Bioclimate Dat
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Important factors influencing the r
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have been made of medicinal plants
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forage plants that have Graminees :
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2.4 FAUNA Currently, about 75 speci
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All of the large mammals of Tunisia
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3. PRIMARY ECOSYSTENS OF TUFISIA 3.
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Urban wastes (sewage) also alter co
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combination of surface waters produ
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Raf Raf is highly cultivated, excep
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B. Fauna Rhodophyceae (red algae) L
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Mean annuah temperatures along this
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3.1.4. Culf of Cabes: Rass Kaboudia
Page 41 and 42: B. Fauna -- Mamnals. Although there
Page 43 and 44: Little grsbe Great crested grebe Bl
Page 45 and 46: Figure 5 Locations of Islands of Tu
Page 47 and 48: A. Vegetation Wuch of Galite is cov
Page 49 and 50: Duricg the cesticg season it is con
Page 51 and 52: species appearing at this stage inc
Page 53 and 54: factors increase predation on uplan
Page 55 and 56: B. Fauna Kuriate is one of the thre
Page 57 and 58: Fishermen construct long barricades
Page 59 and 60: A. Vegetation Most of Jerba has bee
Page 61 and 62: 3.3. WETLANDS In this docamect the
Page 63 and 64: 3.3.1 . Harkne Lakes and Lagoons 3.
Page 65 and 66: the number of species (zouali 1975)
Page 67 and 68: Honey buzzard Black kite Egyptian v
Page 69 and 70: B. Fauna Mammals. Red fox, jackal,
Page 71 and 72: center and the lake edge is highly
Page 73 and 74: 3.3.1.6. Thyna Salt Ponds Just sout
Page 75 and 76: 3.3.2. Sebkhets and Chotts Sebkhets
Page 77 and 78: A. Fauna Ic the south and west part
Page 79 and 80: - Birds. Two rare species of duck h
Page 81 and 82: The high numbers .of pochard and co
Page 83 and 84: A. Fauna Whet there is water, the e
Page 85 and 86: winter there. Waterfowl observed in
Page 87 and 88: wetlands have been selected as repr
Page 89 and 90: A. Vegetation Alocg the pools, the
Page 91: There are five maic mocctaic system
Page 95 and 96: Much of the Krournirie/~ogods has b
Page 97 and 98: Undergrowth in the zen oak stands c
Page 99 and 100: C. Irflcerces Decse forest cover no
Page 101 and 102: B. Fauca To the west of Tabarka is
Page 103 and 104: A. Vegetation The mountaic is domin
Page 105 and 106: sparse, acd the rkemaq is mixed wit
Page 107 and 108: 3.4. Tucisiac Dorsal The Tanisian D
Page 109 and 110: B. Fauca -- Mammals. Fama of Djebel
Page 111 and 112: B. Fauca Mammals living or. Dj. Mrh
Page 113 and 114: Astragalis fortanesii ssp. numidicd
Page 115 and 116: A. Vegetatioc Dj. Hansour is fairly
Page 117 and 118: B. Fauna Fauna of special interest
Page 119 and 120: C. Icfluecces The mouctaic slopes a
Page 121 and 122: 3.4.3.13. Djebel Sidi Abder Rahmane
Page 123 and 124: 3.4.4. Mouctairs of the High Steppe
Page 125 and 126: A. Vegetation A t the sammit of Bou
Page 127 and 128: 3.4.5. Douirat !4ouctaics Ic southe
Page 129 and 130: 3.5. STEPPES The term steppe is oft
Page 131 and 132: Irfluences. The imp~cts of humar ac
Page 133 and 134: Ic the southeeat, heavier soils res
Page 135 and 136: C. Influecces Nost of the inland ar
Page 137 and 138: A t the base of Djebel Bou Hedma, t
Page 139 and 140: A. Vegetation Vegetatioc associatio
Page 141 and 142: .3.6. GRAND EASTERN ERG: SAHARA Alo
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3.7. OASES There are abait 60,000,0
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4. BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY DATA BY GOU
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- Cecetic Resource Placts: Ceratoci
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Medicical Placts: Asphodelis cerasi
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Birds: Le Kef (~orticsed ) t White
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D. SILIANA &jar Bmqstems: High Tell
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Area: 350,000 ha E. BIZERTE Major E
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Area: 290,000 ha F. NABEUL Major Ec
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Gancet Grey heror. Little egret t W
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Tucis (~ortinued) Xammals (foucd at
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Area: 375,000 ha Ha jor Ecosystems:
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Area: 665,000 ha I. KAIROUAN Major
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Area: 800,000 ha J. KASSERINE Major
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Figure 13 Birds of the '~asserice C
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- Birds: See Figure 14 Sidi Bou Zid
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Area: 280,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
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Area: 235,000 ha N. SOUSSE Major Ec
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Area : 770,000 ha Major Ecosystems:
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Area: 695,000 ha P. GABES Major Eco
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Little grebe Great crested grebe Bl
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Area: 705,000 ha Najor Ecosystems:
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Area: 2,035,000 ha R. KEBILI Major
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Area: 845,000 ha S. MEDENINE Major
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Area: 3,600,000 ha T. TATAOUIME Naj
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Area: 610,000 ha U. TOZEUR Major Ec
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Arid Regiocs Institute (Icstitute d
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Law No. 58-105, 1958: Oc slopes > 2
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One of the goals of the catiocal pa
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5.4.9. Lake ~unfs Prbtected Vetland
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6. SU!
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4. Mouataies: A. Boi Korcire G.P.:
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, PART I1
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C. Querc~s cacariecsis (Zen oak) c.
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3. STATUS OF TUNISIAN FORESTS Ocly
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4. FOREST PROTECTION A cuxect polic
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LITERATURE CITED Acdrec, L. acd 14.
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Hollis, C. 1986. The modelling acd
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Vnr. Dijk et. al. 1986. Wictering w
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ANNEX 1 RARE, VERY RARE AND ENDEMIC
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Annex 1 (~onttnued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (continued) Species Status
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Ancex 1 (~octtcued) Species Status
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Annex 1 (~onticued) Species Status
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Acnex 2 (Cocticued) Comnor Kane: Sc
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Conmoc Name: Red-breasted merganser
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Connoc Came: Aiidoaic ' s gdl Slecd
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Conmoc Nane: Moustached warbler Aqu
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ANNEX 4 HEILICENHAFEM CRITERIA (~e~
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