Discussion

13.5 Adjusting Local Preference Values 440
13.6 Removing Private AS Numbers from the AS Path 441
13.7 Prepending AS Numbers to the AS Path 443
13.8 Filtering BGP Routes Based on AS Paths 445
13.9 Restricting the Number of Routes Advertised
to a BGP Peer 448
13.10 Authenticating BGP Peers 450
13.11 Setting Up Route Reflectors 452
13.12 Mitigating Route Instabilities with Route Flap Damping 457
13.13 Adding a BGP Community to Routes 465
13.14 Load-Balancing BGP Traffic 471
13.15 Tracing BGP Protocol Traffic 475
14. MPLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
14.1 Configuring LSPs Using LDP as the Signaling Protocol 485
14.2 Viewing Information and LDP-Signaled LSPs
in the Routing Tables 493
14.3 Verifying that an LDP-Signaled LSP Is Carrying Traffic 497
14.4 Enabling LDP Authentication 498
14.5 Tracing LDP Operations 500
14.6 Setting Up RSVP-Signaled LSPs 502
14.7 Viewing Information About RSVP-Signaled LSPs
in the Routing Tables 513
14.8 Verifying Packet Labels 516
14.9 Verifying that the RSVP-Signaled LSP Is Carrying Traffic 519
14.10 Configuring RSVP Authentication 519
14.11 Protecting an LSP’s Path 521
14.12 Using Fast Reroute to Reduce Packet Loss Following a Link Failure 528
14.13 Automatically Allocating Bandwidth 535
14.14 Prioritizing LSPs 537
14.15 Allowing IGP Traffic to Use an LSP 544
14.16 Installing LSPs into the Unicast Routing Table 546
14.17 Tracing RSVP Operations 548
15. VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552
15.1 Setting Up a Simple Layer 3 VPN 555
15.2 Viewing the VPN Routing Tables 563
15.3 Adding a VPN for a Second Customer 568
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