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Use the show mpls lsp ingress extensive command to look at the LSPs on the ingress router to see what has happened. First, look at LSP R1-to-R6, which has the highest priority of the three LSPs: aviva@R7# show mpls lsp ingress extensive Ingress LSP: 3 sessions ... 10.0.0.6 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up, ActiveRoute: 1, LSPname: R1-to-R6 ActivePath: (primary) LoadBalance: Random Encoding type: Packet, Switching type: Packet, GPID: IPv4 *Primary State: Up Priorities: 2 2 Bandwidth: 90Mbps SmartOptimizeTimer: 180 Computed ERO (S [L] denotes strict [loose] hops): (CSPF metric: 20) 10.1.13.2 S 10.1.36.2 S Received RRO (ProtectionFlag 1=Available 2=InUse 4=B/W 8=Node 10=SoftPreempt): 10.1.13.2 10.1.36.2 5 Oct 14 10:51:20 Selected as active path 4 Oct 14 10:51:20 Record Route: 10.1.13.2 10.1.36.2 3 Oct 14 10:51:20 Up 2 Oct 14 10:51:20 Originate Call 1 Oct 14 10:51:20 CSPF: computation result accepted Created: Fri Oct 14 10:51:20 2005 Total 3 displayed, Up 2, Down 1 RSVP has set up this LSP with the requested bandwidth of 90 Mbps, routing it through 10.1.13.2 (R3) on interface so-0/0/2. Next, look at the medium-priority LSP, R1-to-R4: aviva@R7# show mpls lsp ingress extensive Ingress LSP: 3 sessions ... 10.0.0.4 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up, ActiveRoute: 0, LSPname: R1-to-R4 ActivePath: (primary) LoadBalance: Random Encoding type: Packet, Switching type: Packet, GPID: IPv4 *Primary State: Up Priorities: 4 4 Bandwidth: 90Mbps SmartOptimizeTimer: 180 Computed ERO (S [L] denotes strict [loose] hops): (CSPF metric: 20) 10.1.12.2 S 10.1.24.2 S Received RRO (ProtectionFlag 1=Available 2=InUse 4=B/W 8=Node 10=SoftPreempt): 10.1.12.2 10.1.24.2 15 Oct 14 10:51:20 Selected as active path 14 Oct 14 10:51:20 Record Route: 10.1.12.2 10.1.24.2 13 Oct 14 10:51:20 Up 12 Oct 14 10:51:20 Originate Call 11 Oct 14 10:51:20 Clear Call 10 Oct 14 10:51:20 CSPF: computation result accepted 542 | Chapter 14: MPLS This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
9 Oct 14 10:51:20 Deselected as active 8 Oct 14 10:51:20 Requested bandwidth unavailable 7 Oct 14 10:51:20 Session preempted 6 Oct 14 10:51:20 Down 5 Oct 14 10:43:13 Selected as active path 4 Oct 14 10:43:13 Record Route: 10.1.13.2 10.1.34.2 3 Oct 14 10:43:13 Up 2 Oct 14 10:43:13 Originate Call 1 Oct 14 10:43:13 CSPF: computation result accepted Created: Fri Oct 14 10:43:12 2005 ... Total 3 displayed, Up 2, Down 1 Line 4 of the LSP history shows the original route of the LSP, through 10.1.13.2 (out of interface so-0/0/2). When you configure the higher-priority R1-to-R6 LSP, RSVP preempted LSP R1-to-R4 because of insufficient bandwidth (shown in lines 7 and 8 of this history). However, the LSP was reestablished later (reflected in lines 13 and 14), when RSVP determined it could route the LSP through 10.1.12.2, out of interface so-0/0/0. Finally, look at the lowest-priority LSP, R1-to-R5-low, which is now down: aviva@R7# show mpls lsp ingress extensive Ingress LSP: 3 sessions ... 10.0.0.5 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Dn, ActiveRoute: 0, LSPname: R1-to-R5-low ActivePath: (none) LoadBalance: Random Encoding type: Packet, Switching type: Packet, GPID: IPv4 Primary State: Dn Priorities: 7 7 Bandwidth: 80Mbps SmartOptimizeTimer: 180 Will be enqueued for recomputation in 24 second(s). 16 Oct 14 10:52:18 CSPF failed: no route toward 10.0.0.5[3 times] 15 Oct 14 10:51:20 Clear Call 14 Oct 14 10:51:20 Deselected as active 13 Oct 14 10:51:20 Requested bandwidth unavailable 12 Oct 14 10:51:20 Session preempted 11 Oct 14 10:51:20 Down 10 Oct 14 10:39:39 Record Route: 10.1.12.2 10.1.26.2 10.1.56.1 9 Oct 14 10:39:39 Up 8 Oct 14 10:39:39 Originate Call Created: Fri Oct 14 10:35:55 2005 ... Total 3 displayed, Up 2, Down 1 Lines 12 and 13 show that the LSP was preempted by a higher-priority one because not enough bandwidth was available for all the LSPs. Line 16 indicates that CSPF made three attempts to calculate a path for the LSP but was unable to compute one, which means that RSVP could not establish the LSP. This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Prioritizing LSPs | 543
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JUNOS Cookbook
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JUNOS Cookbook Aviva Garrett Beijin
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Table of Contents Foreword . . . .
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3. IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8.5 Creating Static Routes 263 8.6
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13.5 Adjusting Local Preference Val
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Foreword The early days at Juniper
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Throughout 1997 and early 1998, all
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Preface1 Over the past decade, netw
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Organization As the name suggests,
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Constant width Used for code sectio
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 Router Configur
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You can use a number of operational
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The show command displays the items
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Each listed completion is the confi
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command on the left side of the pip
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The > tells you that you are in ope
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} } } root@# commit root@router1# e
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For the initial router configuratio
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At this point in configuring the ro
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1.4 Displaying the Commands to Recr
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Discussion It is generally good pra
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is often the first thing to check w
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In this example, the error is in th
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To track down what changed in the c
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Solution Use the following command
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login { class superuser-local { per
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If PIM is not yet configured, merge
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You can also save it to a file in y
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These files are also compressed. av
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You see that the running configurat
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Solution The rollback configuration
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See Also Recipe 1.17 1.19 Backing U
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ad1 11513 MB IBM-DARA-212000 AH0AHG
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J-series filesystems on a device co
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1.22 Installing a Different Softwar
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Use the request system software add
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support site (http://www.juniper.ne
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JUNOS 7.0 was released in the fourt
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Some of the main processes are MGD,
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switching board (the SSB), and two
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1.28 Gathering Information Before C
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The apply-groups statement causes t
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} } } address 10.0.16.1/24; Finally
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The commit synchronize command comm
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modules/ packages/ proc/ root/ sbin
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At this point, you can also upgrade
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lets them gain access to the router
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client/server systems—the RADIUS
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You need to enable FTP only if you
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use of the root account. Logging in
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A slight twist to this recipe is to
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Also, you will not be able to commi
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Solution Set all plain-text passwor
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Discussion When you want users to b
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individual user accounts with passw
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ead-only Can perform all actions in
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If you try to enter a command that
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aviva@router1# set class operator-p
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If you use a centralized server, it
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aviva@RouterF# set term ssh-telnet
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statement in the configuration, whi
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een idle, and what they are doing.
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Mike would be logged out: mike@rout
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Encryption, which is the encoding o
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networks, it does not scale well. A
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} } [edit interfaces] es-3/0/0 { #
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have to set up an IKE SA and a fire
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Here’s what the relevant portions
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Finally, configure the domain’s I
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Configure the security gateway rout
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[edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0]
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Then, configure the IPSec tunnel to
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Issuer: Organization: mycompany, Co
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Alternate subject: RouterB.mycompan
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 SNMP4 4.0 Intro
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juniperMIB, which is the top node o
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Juniper Networks provides several d
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4.2 Setting Router Information for
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Table 4-1. SNMP trap categories Key
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Solution You can add a term to the
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You might want to give access to al
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aviva@router1> show snmp mib get "j
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4.9 Collecting Router Operational I
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CPU utilization: User 0 percent Bac
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Table 4-2. System logging severity
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Discussion RMON is an SNMP specific
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See Also RFC 2819, Remote Network M
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nms1 sha/3des nonvolatile active Gr
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Again, this recipe is somewhat invo
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Finally, configure which traps the
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} notify chassis-notification-list
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Some are the same as those used by
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Solution Use the following commands
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5.2 Limiting the Messages Collected
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Discussion The default maximum size
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no longer need. Here, we logged RIP
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Discussion This configuration redir
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This command causes all messages se
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Apr 29 22:55:16 router xntpd[4977]:
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The traceoption flags indicate the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NTP6 6.0 Introd
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6.2 Setting the Time Zone Problem Y
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Engine boots, the ntpdate utility r
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You can also have all the routers s
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6.6 Checking NTP Status Problem You
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 Router Interfac
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under the name of the interface and
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Solution Use the show interfaces co
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the physical interface. It allows y
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Solution The show interfaces extens
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Broadcast packets 0 [0] Multicast p
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Input packets : 5 Output packets: 5
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1.0.12.2/30 so-1/0/0 Mars 1.0.0.1/3
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To remove an extra IP address, use
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Discussion For MPLS traffic to tran
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Flags: None Addresses, Flags: Is-Pr
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Solution Configure the router’s m
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On an M-series or a T-series router
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You can confirm the presence of the
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Protocol inet6, MTU: 1500 Flags: Is
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Solution Use the Virtual Router Red
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Solution There are three steps to s
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7.16 Configuring T1 Interfaces Prob
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Run the loopback test, which sends
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7.18 Setting Up a BERT Test on a T1
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You can configure an error rate to
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Discussion Synchronous Optical Netw
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SEF 22 182 OK LOS 22 1 OK LOF 22 1
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Use the show aps command to check t
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type of ATM PIC, the configuration
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gre up ipip up lo0 up up lo0.0 up u
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Solution Add the new interface to t
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While this does what you want, it m
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When a single routing protocol prov
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IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses that co
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8.1 Viewing the Routes in the Routi
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oute is learned from a dynamic rout
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} } family iso { address 49.0020.19
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8.2 Viewing Routes to a Particular
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8.3 Viewing Routes Learned from a S
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ff00::/8 perm 0 mdsc 53 1 ff02::1/1
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The actual forwarding tables that t
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and the traffic to these networks i
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Attacker A B Target Real source add
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Check the firewall filter counts wi
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Solution Create a routing policy th
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Discussion Martian addresses are pr
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Solution After configuring both OSP
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To verify the preference change, lo
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Peer supports Refresh capability (2
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This recipe shows how to enable gra
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Because the policy and filter condi
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then accept; } } } protocols { ospf
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The first command in the recipe def
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[edit] aviva@router1# set protocols
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Table 9-4. Actions that change rout
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(called longest-match lookup), so t
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aviva@router1# set term 2 then reje
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See Also IANA, http://www.iana.org/
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the community string from the route
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used to verify that the router is m
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} } Discussion } } Placing firewall
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Table 9-5. Header match conditions
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counterintuitive. However, understa
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protocol-except tcp; } then { count
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protocol tcp; destination-port [ te
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Firewall filter terms are evaluated
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9.12 Using a Firewall Filter to Cou
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04:58:41 pfe A t1-0/0/3.0 TCP 10.0.
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which traffic is more important and
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The next term allows TCP traffic: [
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Routing Engine, you want to make su
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from { source-address { 10.0.8.0/24
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9.16 Rate-Limiting Traffic Flow to
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list of IP addresses in one place i
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lished TCP connections and you sudd
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By default, the JUNOS software impl
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} } } neighbor fe-0/0/0.0; neighbor
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10.0.0.0/24 *[Direct/0] 2w4d 23:05:
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The routing policy you set up is a
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so the inbound metrics are 1. The m
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can use it in the authentication-ke
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10.6 Sending Version 1 Update Messa
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Mar 31 10:11:13 Group beta-rip-grou
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Chapter 11 CHAPTER 11 IS-IS11 11.0
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oundary. This means that the IS-IS
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might be useful when migrating two
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Interface System L State Hold (secs
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RouterA.02-00 0x59 0xeda9 632 L1 L2
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The next four lines show the IP pre
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configuring the preference statemen
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11.5 Configuring a Level 1-Only Rou
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11.6 Controlling DIS Election Probl
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key, or password, for each interfac
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} } from protocol static; then acce
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Again, we expect the metric to chan
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RouterA Level 2 RouterB Level 2 Rou
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Increasing the IS-IS cost of Router
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11.12 Moving IS-IS Traffic off a Ro
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11.14 Tracing IS-IS Protocol Traffi
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Using some of the other flags, you
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OSPF views routers as nodes, which
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Area 0.0.0.0 RouterG lo0:192.168.19
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Another common problem in establish
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The route entries starting with [OS
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entries that originated from the lo
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OSPF network. Route 192.168.18.1:0.
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Checking on RouterA at the other en
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192.168.19.1/32 *[Direct/0] 3d 01:5
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The routers in the stub area no lon
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Router 192.168.16.1 192.168.16.1 0x
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Solution You configure MD5 authenti
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Use the show ospf interface detail
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With the default metric, traffic fr
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12.12 Improving OSPF Convergence Ti
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This output shows two BFD sessions
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aviva@RouterG# commit aviva@RouterG
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Jun 14 22:00:26 CHANGE 192.168.17.1
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Jun 13 16:55:20 IP Route added with
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list of ASs to see whether a route
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E Route was originally learned from
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Then configure an EBGP session to t
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NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
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Next is information about routes le
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Looking at the remote peer router,
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* 10.0.31.0/24 Self I * 172.19.121.
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aviva@RouterE> show bgp summary Gro
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to 10.0.31.1 via t1-0/0/3.0 10.0.29
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lem with BGP itself. When the TCP s
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13.4 Adjusting the Next-Hop Attribu
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The first configuration in this rec
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13.7 Prepending AS Numbers to the A
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13.8 Filtering BGP Routes Based on
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Translated, this match looks for fo
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Type: External State: Established F
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This recipe configures MD5 authenti
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oute reflector system has a set of
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10.0.24.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:18:38, l
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AS 65500 Sub-AS 65501 RouterF 192.1
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figure-of-merit value correlates to
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Once the routing policy is set up,
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change, the router will unsuppress
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See Also RFC 2439, BGP Route Flap D
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You see that the route to 192.168.1
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When setting up policies, also crea
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} See Also next-hop 192.0.2.1; acce
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Another restriction for multipath B
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This forwarding table is then copie
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BGP establishes the connection, fro
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Chapter 14a CHAPTER 14 MPLS14 14.0
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Layer 2 header MPLS header Layer 3
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RouterG 192.168.19.1 Ingress router
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The main difference between LDP and
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family to the t1-4/0/0 interface; o
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Also verify the MPLS-enabled interf
Page 515 and 516: The first line of the output shows
Page 517 and 518: aviva@RouterG> show configuration p
Page 519 and 520: via t1-4/0/0.0, Push 100000 192.168
Page 521 and 522: aviva@RouterG> show route forwardin
Page 523 and 524: This recipe shows how to configure
Page 525 and 526: Oct 5 19:25:52 Msg Hello (0x100), l
Page 527 and 528: aviva@R3# set rsvp interface fxp0.0
Page 529 and 530: fxp0 up up fxp0.0 up up inet 192.16
Page 531 and 532: aviva@R1> show rsvp interface RSVP
Page 533 and 534: y 13:31:06 the LSP was up and runni
Page 535 and 536: 10.0.0.6 10.0.0.1 Up 0 1 FF 3 - R1-
Page 537 and 538: Solution On the ingress router, loo
Page 539 and 540: for LSP signaling. On the egress an
Page 541 and 542: Discussion There are several ways t
Page 543 and 544: 14.9 Verifying that the RSVP-Signal
Page 545 and 546: 14.11 Protecting an LSP’s Path Pr
Page 547 and 548: RSVP RRO in the path calculation lo
Page 549 and 550: The configuration allocates 50 Mbps
Page 551 and 552: However, RSVP cannot establish the
Page 553 and 554: Solution Fast reroute reduces packe
Page 555 and 556: PATH sentto: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0)
Page 557 and 558: The RSVP interface status shows tha
Page 559 and 560: 14.13 Automatically Allocating Band
Page 561 and 562: Then examine the history of the LSP
Page 563 and 564: To understand how preemption works,
Page 565: 10.0.0.5 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up,
Page 569 and 570: The router knows how to reach its i
Page 571 and 572: 10.1.13.1/32 *[Local/0] 2d 20:39:51
Page 573 and 574: aviva@R1> clear log rsvp-trace-log
Page 575 and 576: PATH rcvfrom: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0
Page 577 and 578: The discussion of Layer 3 VPNs invo
Page 579 and 580: VPN, and routes announced by a remo
Page 581 and 582: The third and final step is to conf
Page 583 and 584: One last protocol that you need to
Page 585 and 586: All routes that are part of the VPN
Page 587 and 588: --- 192.168.13.1 ping statistics --
Page 589 and 590: 1 *[MPLS/0] 1d 18:03:41, metric 1 R
Page 591 and 592: 65500:3:10.0.31.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:
Page 593 and 594: emains private. When configuring th
Page 595 and 596: } } peer-as 65500; neighbor 10.0.1.
Page 597 and 598: The VPN2 routing table also knows n
Page 599 and 600: Just to make sure that prefixes are
Page 601 and 602: Multicast senders and receivers are
Page 603 and 604: You administratively configure the
Page 605 and 606: 10.0.21.2/24 RouterB 192.168.12.1 R
Page 607 and 608: IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 609 and 610: Again, verify the configured group
Page 611 and 612: willing to be an RP send RP Announc
Page 613 and 614: JUNOS routers perform the encapsula
Page 615 and 616: Now check the RP status on the rout
Page 617 and 618:
Also, make sure that the router’s
Page 619 and 620:
Check to see which RPs the various
Page 621 and 622:
The anycast PIM configuration is qu
Page 623 and 624:
Solution Specify the group address
Page 625 and 626:
The interfaces toward the multicast
Page 627 and 628:
Discussion Flags: sparse Upstream i
Page 629 and 630:
IGMP Query Response Interval: 10.0
Page 631 and 632:
If you are not sure that the domain
Page 633 and 634:
Discussion With PIM-SM, the RP in e
Page 635 and 636:
The full RIB group configuration lo
Page 637 and 638:
} address 192.168.19.1; # ping 224
Page 639 and 640:
Upstream interface: local Upstream
Page 641 and 642:
The first entry is for the source i
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 645:
The command in this recipe is a sim
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adjacencies (continued) IGPs and, 1
Page 650 and 651:
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) (cont
Page 652 and 653:
configure command (continued) exclu
Page 654 and 655:
dotted quad notation, 248 down arro
Page 656 and 657:
firewall filters (continued) loggin
Page 658 and 659:
IBGP (internal BGP) (continued) LOC
Page 660 and 661:
IP multicast (continued) limiting g
Page 662 and 663:
Level 1 systems (IS-IS) authenticat
Page 664 and 665:
martian addresses/prefixes (continu
Page 666 and 667:
O Object Identifier (see OID) OID (
Page 668 and 669:
plain-text passwords (continued) JU
Page 670 and 671:
RFC (Request for Comment) on BGP, 4
Page 672 and 673:
outing tables (continued) checking
Page 674 and 675:
set route-filter command, 296 set r
Page 676 and 677:
show ospf interface command, 386, 3
Page 678 and 679:
ssh command, 3, 89 SSM (Source-Spec
Page 680 and 681:
tracing (trace logging) (continued)
Page 683:
About the Author Aviva Garrett has
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