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12.3 Viewing the OSPF Link-State Database Problem You want to look at the router’s link-state database to make sure that all the OSPF routers know about each other. Solution Use the show ospf database command to view the contents of the link-state database: aviva@RouterG> show ospf database OSPF link state database, area 0.0.0.0 Type ID Adv Rtr Seq Age Opt Cksum Len Router 192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 0x800000d0 986 0x2 0xebd2 60 Router 192.168.18.1 192.168.18.1 0x80000083 986 0x2 0xbd4a 60 Router *192.168.19.1 192.168.19.1 0x8000009f 656 0x2 0x46a5 60 Network *10.0.0.1 192.168.19.1 0x80000010 56 0x2 0x9b2e 32 Network *10.0.1.2 192.168.19.1 0x80000030 356 0x2 0x5353 32 Network 10.0.2.1 192.168.18.1 0x80000005 1454 0x2 0x993b 32 <strong>Discussion</strong> OSPF routers exchange LSAs that describe that router’s view of the network topology, and the routers store the LSAs in a link-state database. The SPF algorithm then runs on the link-state database to create the OSPF routing table, which contains the shortest path to each destination. Use the show ospf database command to look at the OSPF LSAs in the link-state database. Table 12-1 explains the different types OSPF LSAs. Table 12-1. OSPF LSA types Type Name Description 1 Router All routers originate these LSAs, flooding them within a single area, to describe the state and cost of router interfaces within the area. 2 Network DRs originate these LSAs, flooding them within a single area, to describe all routers attached to the network, including the DR. 3 Summary (network) ABRs originate a single Summary LSA for each known interarea destination, flooding them within a single domain. Type 3 Summary LSAs are sent when the destination is an IP network. 4 Summary (ASBR) ABRs originate a single Summary LSA for each known interarea destination, flooding them within a single domain. Type 4 summary LSAs are sent when the destination is an ASBR. 5 AS External ASBRs originate these LSAs to describe destinations external to the OSPF domain (AS). 7 NSSA External NSSA ASBRs originate these LSAs, flooding them within the NSSA, to describe destinations in the other parts of the OSPF domain. In the command output in this recipe, the database has three Router (Type 1) and three Network (Type 2) LSAs. The lines with an asterisk in the ID are database 390 | Chapter 12: OSPF This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
entries that originated from the local router. The router also knows about its two neighbors, 192.168.17.1 and 192.168.18.1, and about the subnetwork that connects these two neighbors (10.0.2.1). If you check on the other two routers in the area, you see that they have identical databases: aviva@RouterJ> show ospf database OSPF link state database, area 0.0.0.0 Type ID Adv Rtr Seq Age Opt Cksum Len Router *192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 0x8000010a 170 0x2 0x760e 60 Router 192.168.18.1 192.168.18.1 0x800000ae 377 0x2 0x6775 60 Router 192.168.19.1 192.168.19.1 0x80000007 372 0x2 0xdf32 48 Network 10.0.0.1 192.168.19.1 0x80000002 372 0x2 0xb720 32 Network 10.0.1.2 192.168.19.1 0x80000002 378 0x2 0xaf25 32 Network 10.0.2.1 192.168.18.1 0x8000002a 481 0x2 0x4f60 32 aviva@RouterH> show ospf database OSPF link state database, area 0.0.0.0 Type ID Adv Rtr Seq Age Opt Cksum Len Router 192.168.17.1 192.168.17.1 0x8000010a 45 0x2 0x760e 60 Router *192.168.18.1 192.168.18.1 0x800000ae 250 0x2 0x6775 60 Router 192.168.19.1 192.168.19.1 0x80000007 247 0x2 0xdf32 48 Network 10.0.0.1 192.168.19.1 0x80000002 247 0x2 0xb720 32 Network 10.0.1.2 192.168.19.1 0x80000002 251 0x2 0xaf25 32 Network *10.0.2.1 192.168.18.1 0x8000002a 354 0x2 0x4f60 32 The only thing different is which LSAs are marked as originated from the router. Use the following version of the show ospf database command to get a quick summary of the entries LSA database: aviva@RouterG> show ospf database summary Area 0.0.0.0: 3 Router LSAs 3 Network LSAs Externals: Interface fe-0/0/1.0: Interface fe-1/0/0.0: 12.4 Configuring OSPF for IPv6 Problem You want to use OSPF on an IPv6 network. Solution The configuration for OSPFv3 is the same as for OSPFv2, the IPv4 version of OSPF, except that you use set ospf3 commands instead of set ospf commands: [edit protocols] aviva@RouterJ# set ospf3 area 0.0.0.0 interface fe-1/0/0.0 aviva@RouterJ# set ospf3 area 0.0.0.0 interface lo0.0 passive This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Configuring OSPF for IPv6 | 391
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JUNOS Cookbook
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JUNOS Cookbook Aviva Garrett Beijin
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Table of Contents Foreword . . . .
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3. IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8.5 Creating Static Routes 263 8.6
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13.5 Adjusting Local Preference Val
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Foreword The early days at Juniper
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Throughout 1997 and early 1998, all
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Preface1 Over the past decade, netw
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Organization As the name suggests,
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Constant width Used for code sectio
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 Router Configur
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You can use a number of operational
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The show command displays the items
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Each listed completion is the confi
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command on the left side of the pip
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The > tells you that you are in ope
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} } } root@# commit root@router1# e
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For the initial router configuratio
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At this point in configuring the ro
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1.4 Displaying the Commands to Recr
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Discussion It is generally good pra
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is often the first thing to check w
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In this example, the error is in th
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To track down what changed in the c
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Solution Use the following command
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login { class superuser-local { per
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If PIM is not yet configured, merge
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You can also save it to a file in y
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These files are also compressed. av
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You see that the running configurat
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Solution The rollback configuration
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See Also Recipe 1.17 1.19 Backing U
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ad1 11513 MB IBM-DARA-212000 AH0AHG
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J-series filesystems on a device co
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1.22 Installing a Different Softwar
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Use the request system software add
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support site (http://www.juniper.ne
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JUNOS 7.0 was released in the fourt
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Some of the main processes are MGD,
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switching board (the SSB), and two
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1.28 Gathering Information Before C
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The apply-groups statement causes t
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} } } address 10.0.16.1/24; Finally
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The commit synchronize command comm
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modules/ packages/ proc/ root/ sbin
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At this point, you can also upgrade
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lets them gain access to the router
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client/server systems—the RADIUS
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You need to enable FTP only if you
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use of the root account. Logging in
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A slight twist to this recipe is to
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Also, you will not be able to commi
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Solution Set all plain-text passwor
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Discussion When you want users to b
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individual user accounts with passw
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ead-only Can perform all actions in
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If you try to enter a command that
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aviva@router1# set class operator-p
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If you use a centralized server, it
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aviva@RouterF# set term ssh-telnet
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statement in the configuration, whi
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een idle, and what they are doing.
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Mike would be logged out: mike@rout
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Encryption, which is the encoding o
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networks, it does not scale well. A
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} } [edit interfaces] es-3/0/0 { #
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have to set up an IKE SA and a fire
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Here’s what the relevant portions
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Finally, configure the domain’s I
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Configure the security gateway rout
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[edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0]
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Then, configure the IPSec tunnel to
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Issuer: Organization: mycompany, Co
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Alternate subject: RouterB.mycompan
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 SNMP4 4.0 Intro
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juniperMIB, which is the top node o
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Juniper Networks provides several d
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4.2 Setting Router Information for
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Table 4-1. SNMP trap categories Key
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Solution You can add a term to the
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You might want to give access to al
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aviva@router1> show snmp mib get "j
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4.9 Collecting Router Operational I
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CPU utilization: User 0 percent Bac
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Table 4-2. System logging severity
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Discussion RMON is an SNMP specific
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See Also RFC 2819, Remote Network M
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nms1 sha/3des nonvolatile active Gr
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Again, this recipe is somewhat invo
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Finally, configure which traps the
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} notify chassis-notification-list
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Some are the same as those used by
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Solution Use the following commands
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5.2 Limiting the Messages Collected
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Discussion The default maximum size
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no longer need. Here, we logged RIP
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Discussion This configuration redir
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This command causes all messages se
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Apr 29 22:55:16 router xntpd[4977]:
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The traceoption flags indicate the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NTP6 6.0 Introd
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6.2 Setting the Time Zone Problem Y
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Engine boots, the ntpdate utility r
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You can also have all the routers s
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6.6 Checking NTP Status Problem You
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 Router Interfac
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under the name of the interface and
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Solution Use the show interfaces co
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the physical interface. It allows y
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Solution The show interfaces extens
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Broadcast packets 0 [0] Multicast p
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Input packets : 5 Output packets: 5
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1.0.12.2/30 so-1/0/0 Mars 1.0.0.1/3
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To remove an extra IP address, use
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Discussion For MPLS traffic to tran
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Flags: None Addresses, Flags: Is-Pr
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Solution Configure the router’s m
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On an M-series or a T-series router
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You can confirm the presence of the
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Protocol inet6, MTU: 1500 Flags: Is
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Solution Use the Virtual Router Red
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Solution There are three steps to s
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7.16 Configuring T1 Interfaces Prob
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Run the loopback test, which sends
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7.18 Setting Up a BERT Test on a T1
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You can configure an error rate to
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Discussion Synchronous Optical Netw
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SEF 22 182 OK LOS 22 1 OK LOF 22 1
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Use the show aps command to check t
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type of ATM PIC, the configuration
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gre up ipip up lo0 up up lo0.0 up u
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Solution Add the new interface to t
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While this does what you want, it m
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When a single routing protocol prov
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IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses that co
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8.1 Viewing the Routes in the Routi
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oute is learned from a dynamic rout
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} } family iso { address 49.0020.19
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8.2 Viewing Routes to a Particular
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8.3 Viewing Routes Learned from a S
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ff00::/8 perm 0 mdsc 53 1 ff02::1/1
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The actual forwarding tables that t
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and the traffic to these networks i
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Attacker A B Target Real source add
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Check the firewall filter counts wi
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Solution Create a routing policy th
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Discussion Martian addresses are pr
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Solution After configuring both OSP
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To verify the preference change, lo
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Peer supports Refresh capability (2
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This recipe shows how to enable gra
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Because the policy and filter condi
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then accept; } } } protocols { ospf
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The first command in the recipe def
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[edit] aviva@router1# set protocols
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Table 9-4. Actions that change rout
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(called longest-match lookup), so t
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aviva@router1# set term 2 then reje
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See Also IANA, http://www.iana.org/
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the community string from the route
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used to verify that the router is m
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} } Discussion } } Placing firewall
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Table 9-5. Header match conditions
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counterintuitive. However, understa
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protocol-except tcp; } then { count
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protocol tcp; destination-port [ te
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Firewall filter terms are evaluated
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9.12 Using a Firewall Filter to Cou
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04:58:41 pfe A t1-0/0/3.0 TCP 10.0.
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which traffic is more important and
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The next term allows TCP traffic: [
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Routing Engine, you want to make su
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from { source-address { 10.0.8.0/24
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9.16 Rate-Limiting Traffic Flow to
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list of IP addresses in one place i
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lished TCP connections and you sudd
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By default, the JUNOS software impl
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} } } neighbor fe-0/0/0.0; neighbor
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10.0.0.0/24 *[Direct/0] 2w4d 23:05:
Page 363 and 364: The routing policy you set up is a
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Page 369 and 370: 10.6 Sending Version 1 Update Messa
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Page 373 and 374: Chapter 11 CHAPTER 11 IS-IS11 11.0
Page 375 and 376: oundary. This means that the IS-IS
Page 377 and 378: might be useful when migrating two
Page 379 and 380: Interface System L State Hold (secs
Page 381 and 382: RouterA.02-00 0x59 0xeda9 632 L1 L2
Page 383 and 384: The next four lines show the IP pre
Page 385 and 386: configuring the preference statemen
Page 387 and 388: 11.5 Configuring a Level 1-Only Rou
Page 389 and 390: 11.6 Controlling DIS Election Probl
Page 391 and 392: key, or password, for each interfac
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Page 397 and 398: RouterA Level 2 RouterB Level 2 Rou
Page 399 and 400: Increasing the IS-IS cost of Router
Page 401 and 402: 11.12 Moving IS-IS Traffic off a Ro
Page 403 and 404: 11.14 Tracing IS-IS Protocol Traffi
Page 405 and 406: Using some of the other flags, you
Page 407 and 408: OSPF views routers as nodes, which
Page 409 and 410: Area 0.0.0.0 RouterG lo0:192.168.19
Page 411 and 412: Another common problem in establish
Page 413: The route entries starting with [OS
Page 417 and 418: OSPF network. Route 192.168.18.1:0.
Page 419 and 420: Checking on RouterA at the other en
Page 421 and 422: 192.168.19.1/32 *[Direct/0] 3d 01:5
Page 423 and 424: The routers in the stub area no lon
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Page 427 and 428: Solution You configure MD5 authenti
Page 429 and 430: Use the show ospf interface detail
Page 431 and 432: With the default metric, traffic fr
Page 433 and 434: 12.12 Improving OSPF Convergence Ti
Page 435 and 436: This output shows two BFD sessions
Page 437 and 438: aviva@RouterG# commit aviva@RouterG
Page 439 and 440: Jun 14 22:00:26 CHANGE 192.168.17.1
Page 441 and 442: Jun 13 16:55:20 IP Route added with
Page 443 and 444: list of ASs to see whether a route
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Page 447 and 448: Then configure an EBGP session to t
Page 449 and 450: NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
Page 451 and 452: Next is information about routes le
Page 453 and 454: Looking at the remote peer router,
Page 455 and 456: * 10.0.31.0/24 Self I * 172.19.121.
Page 457 and 458: aviva@RouterE> show bgp summary Gro
Page 459 and 460: to 10.0.31.1 via t1-0/0/3.0 10.0.29
Page 461 and 462: lem with BGP itself. When the TCP s
Page 463 and 464: 13.4 Adjusting the Next-Hop Attribu
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The first configuration in this rec
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13.7 Prepending AS Numbers to the A
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13.8 Filtering BGP Routes Based on
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Translated, this match looks for fo
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Type: External State: Established F
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This recipe configures MD5 authenti
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oute reflector system has a set of
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10.0.24.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:18:38, l
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AS 65500 Sub-AS 65501 RouterF 192.1
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figure-of-merit value correlates to
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Once the routing policy is set up,
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change, the router will unsuppress
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See Also RFC 2439, BGP Route Flap D
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You see that the route to 192.168.1
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When setting up policies, also crea
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} See Also next-hop 192.0.2.1; acce
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Another restriction for multipath B
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This forwarding table is then copie
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BGP establishes the connection, fro
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Chapter 14a CHAPTER 14 MPLS14 14.0
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Layer 2 header MPLS header Layer 3
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RouterG 192.168.19.1 Ingress router
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The main difference between LDP and
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family to the t1-4/0/0 interface; o
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Also verify the MPLS-enabled interf
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The first line of the output shows
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aviva@RouterG> show configuration p
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via t1-4/0/0.0, Push 100000 192.168
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aviva@RouterG> show route forwardin
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This recipe shows how to configure
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Oct 5 19:25:52 Msg Hello (0x100), l
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aviva@R3# set rsvp interface fxp0.0
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fxp0 up up fxp0.0 up up inet 192.16
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aviva@R1> show rsvp interface RSVP
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y 13:31:06 the LSP was up and runni
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10.0.0.6 10.0.0.1 Up 0 1 FF 3 - R1-
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Solution On the ingress router, loo
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for LSP signaling. On the egress an
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Discussion There are several ways t
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14.9 Verifying that the RSVP-Signal
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14.11 Protecting an LSP’s Path Pr
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RSVP RRO in the path calculation lo
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The configuration allocates 50 Mbps
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However, RSVP cannot establish the
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Solution Fast reroute reduces packe
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PATH sentto: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0)
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The RSVP interface status shows tha
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14.13 Automatically Allocating Band
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Then examine the history of the LSP
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To understand how preemption works,
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10.0.0.5 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up,
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9 Oct 14 10:51:20 Deselected as act
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The router knows how to reach its i
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10.1.13.1/32 *[Local/0] 2d 20:39:51
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aviva@R1> clear log rsvp-trace-log
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PATH rcvfrom: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0
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The discussion of Layer 3 VPNs invo
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VPN, and routes announced by a remo
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The third and final step is to conf
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One last protocol that you need to
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All routes that are part of the VPN
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--- 192.168.13.1 ping statistics --
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1 *[MPLS/0] 1d 18:03:41, metric 1 R
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65500:3:10.0.31.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:
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emains private. When configuring th
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} } peer-as 65500; neighbor 10.0.1.
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The VPN2 routing table also knows n
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Just to make sure that prefixes are
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Multicast senders and receivers are
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You administratively configure the
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10.0.21.2/24 RouterB 192.168.12.1 R
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
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Again, verify the configured group
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willing to be an RP send RP Announc
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JUNOS routers perform the encapsula
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Now check the RP status on the rout
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Also, make sure that the router’s
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Check to see which RPs the various
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The anycast PIM configuration is qu
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Solution Specify the group address
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The interfaces toward the multicast
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Discussion Flags: sparse Upstream i
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IGMP Query Response Interval: 10.0
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If you are not sure that the domain
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Discussion With PIM-SM, the RP in e
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The full RIB group configuration lo
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} address 192.168.19.1; # ping 224
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Upstream interface: local Upstream
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The first entry is for the source i
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 645:
The command in this recipe is a sim
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adjacencies (continued) IGPs and, 1
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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) (cont
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configure command (continued) exclu
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dotted quad notation, 248 down arro
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firewall filters (continued) loggin
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IBGP (internal BGP) (continued) LOC
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IP multicast (continued) limiting g
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Level 1 systems (IS-IS) authenticat
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martian addresses/prefixes (continu
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O Object Identifier (see OID) OID (
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plain-text passwords (continued) JU
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RFC (Request for Comment) on BGP, 4
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outing tables (continued) checking
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set route-filter command, 296 set r
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show ospf interface command, 386, 3
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ssh command, 3, 89 SSM (Source-Spec
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tracing (trace logging) (continued)
Page 683:
About the Author Aviva Garrett has
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