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Solution You configure basic RIP functionality on your router: [edit protocols] aviva@RouterA# set rip group alpha-rip-group neighbor fe-0/0/0 aviva@RouterA# show protocols { rip { group alpha-rip-group { neighbor fe-0/0/0.0; } } } <strong>Discussion</strong> To have your RIP systems communicate with the rest of your network, you enable RIP on each interface that is directly connected to a RIP neighbor. You do this by defining a group in which you identify each RIP device by the name of the interface that is directly connected to the RIP device. In this example, the Fast Ethernet interface fe-0/0/0 is the connection to your RIP device. For the connection to the RIP neighbor to work, you must configure an IPv4 address on the interface that is connected to the neighbor (see Recipe 7.5). We said that we were configuring RIP Version 2, but nowhere in this configuration is there any mention of the RIP version. By default, the JUNOS software configures both versions of RIP when you enable RIP. Most modern devices support and run RIP Version 2, so this shouldn’t be an issue. Why does the JUNOS software force you to put your RIP neighbors in groups instead of just letting you just define them individually? There are a few reasons for this. First, if one of your customers has multiple links to their site or sites, groups let you keep all these links together. Second, if you need to set up different authentication passwords or routing policies, or if you need to control traffic flow differently across different parts of the RIP network by modifying metrics or route preferences, it can be easier for you to configure these changes for an entire group of RIP neighbors rather than for individual neighbors. If you have a number of RIP devices, you configure each interface that is connected to a RIP neighbor: [edit protocols] aviva@RouterA# set rip group alpha-rip-group neighbor fe-0/0/1 aviva@RouterA# set rip group alpha-rip-group neighbor se-0/0/3 protocols { rip { group alpha-rip-group { neighbor se-0/0/3.0; 334 | Chapter 10: RIP This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
} } } neighbor fe-0/0/0.0; neighbor fe-0/0/1.0; After you have configured RIP, you can see that the connections to the RIP neighbors are active: aviva@RouterA> show rip neighbor Source Destination Send Receive In Neighbor State Address Address Mode Mode Met -------- ----- ------- ----------- ---- ------- --- fe-0/0/1.0 Up 10.0.15.2 224.0.0.9 mcast both 1 fe-0/0/0.0 Up 10.0.16.1 224.0.0.9 mcast both 1 se-0/0/3.0 Up 10.0.21.1 224.0.0.9 mcast both 1 You see the three RIP neighbors that you configured. The first column shows the interface that is directly connected to the RIP neighbor. The second column shows that the interface to the neighbor is operational, or Up, and is listening to RIP traffic. The source address is the IPv4 address of the interface, and the destination address is the address of the neighbor’s RIP interface. Here, the destination address is the wellknown multicast group assigned to RIP Version 2, which is 224.0.0.9. The Send Mode column tells how the router’s RIP update packets are sent and received. The JUNOS implementation of RIP can multicast or broadcast both Version 1 and Version 2 packets (multicast is the default) or can broadcast only Version 1 packets. You should always use the default multicast mode to reduce the amount of RIP protocol update packets traveling on your network. The Receive Mode column indicates which type of RIP update packets the router can receive: Version 1, Version 2, or both (the default). The last column shows the inbound metric, which is how many hops away the neighbor is. Here, each neighbor is directly connected and is one hop away, so the inbound metrics are 1. The metric value is included in the RIP route to the neighbor that is placed in the routing table. If the interface to the RIP neighbor is not operational, the Source Address and Destination Address columns would show Dn (down): aviva@RouterA> show rip neighbor Source Destination Send Receive In Neighbor State Address Address Mode Mode Met -------- ----- ------- ----------- ---- ------- --- fe-0/0/1.0 Up 10.0.15.2 224.0.0.9 mcast both 1 fe-0/0/0.0 Up 10.0.16.1 224.0.0.9 mcast both 1 se-0/0/3.0 Dn (null) (null) mcast both 1 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Configuring RIP | 335
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JUNOS Cookbook
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JUNOS Cookbook Aviva Garrett Beijin
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Table of Contents Foreword . . . .
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3. IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8.5 Creating Static Routes 263 8.6
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13.5 Adjusting Local Preference Val
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Foreword The early days at Juniper
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Throughout 1997 and early 1998, all
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Preface1 Over the past decade, netw
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Organization As the name suggests,
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Constant width Used for code sectio
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 Router Configur
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You can use a number of operational
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The show command displays the items
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Each listed completion is the confi
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command on the left side of the pip
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The > tells you that you are in ope
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} } } root@# commit root@router1# e
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For the initial router configuratio
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At this point in configuring the ro
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1.4 Displaying the Commands to Recr
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Discussion It is generally good pra
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is often the first thing to check w
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In this example, the error is in th
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To track down what changed in the c
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Solution Use the following command
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login { class superuser-local { per
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If PIM is not yet configured, merge
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You can also save it to a file in y
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These files are also compressed. av
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You see that the running configurat
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Solution The rollback configuration
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See Also Recipe 1.17 1.19 Backing U
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ad1 11513 MB IBM-DARA-212000 AH0AHG
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J-series filesystems on a device co
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1.22 Installing a Different Softwar
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Use the request system software add
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support site (http://www.juniper.ne
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JUNOS 7.0 was released in the fourt
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Some of the main processes are MGD,
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switching board (the SSB), and two
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1.28 Gathering Information Before C
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The apply-groups statement causes t
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} } } address 10.0.16.1/24; Finally
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The commit synchronize command comm
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modules/ packages/ proc/ root/ sbin
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At this point, you can also upgrade
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lets them gain access to the router
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client/server systems—the RADIUS
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You need to enable FTP only if you
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use of the root account. Logging in
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A slight twist to this recipe is to
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Also, you will not be able to commi
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Solution Set all plain-text passwor
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Discussion When you want users to b
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individual user accounts with passw
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ead-only Can perform all actions in
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If you try to enter a command that
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aviva@router1# set class operator-p
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If you use a centralized server, it
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aviva@RouterF# set term ssh-telnet
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statement in the configuration, whi
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een idle, and what they are doing.
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Mike would be logged out: mike@rout
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Encryption, which is the encoding o
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networks, it does not scale well. A
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} } [edit interfaces] es-3/0/0 { #
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have to set up an IKE SA and a fire
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Here’s what the relevant portions
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Finally, configure the domain’s I
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Configure the security gateway rout
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[edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0]
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Then, configure the IPSec tunnel to
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Issuer: Organization: mycompany, Co
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Alternate subject: RouterB.mycompan
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 SNMP4 4.0 Intro
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juniperMIB, which is the top node o
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Juniper Networks provides several d
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4.2 Setting Router Information for
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Table 4-1. SNMP trap categories Key
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Solution You can add a term to the
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You might want to give access to al
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aviva@router1> show snmp mib get "j
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4.9 Collecting Router Operational I
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CPU utilization: User 0 percent Bac
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Table 4-2. System logging severity
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Discussion RMON is an SNMP specific
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See Also RFC 2819, Remote Network M
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nms1 sha/3des nonvolatile active Gr
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Again, this recipe is somewhat invo
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Finally, configure which traps the
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} notify chassis-notification-list
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Some are the same as those used by
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Solution Use the following commands
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5.2 Limiting the Messages Collected
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Discussion The default maximum size
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no longer need. Here, we logged RIP
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Discussion This configuration redir
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This command causes all messages se
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Apr 29 22:55:16 router xntpd[4977]:
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The traceoption flags indicate the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NTP6 6.0 Introd
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6.2 Setting the Time Zone Problem Y
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Engine boots, the ntpdate utility r
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You can also have all the routers s
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6.6 Checking NTP Status Problem You
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 Router Interfac
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under the name of the interface and
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Solution Use the show interfaces co
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the physical interface. It allows y
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Solution The show interfaces extens
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Broadcast packets 0 [0] Multicast p
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Input packets : 5 Output packets: 5
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1.0.12.2/30 so-1/0/0 Mars 1.0.0.1/3
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To remove an extra IP address, use
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Discussion For MPLS traffic to tran
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Flags: None Addresses, Flags: Is-Pr
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Solution Configure the router’s m
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On an M-series or a T-series router
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You can confirm the presence of the
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Protocol inet6, MTU: 1500 Flags: Is
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Solution Use the Virtual Router Red
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Solution There are three steps to s
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7.16 Configuring T1 Interfaces Prob
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Run the loopback test, which sends
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7.18 Setting Up a BERT Test on a T1
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You can configure an error rate to
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Discussion Synchronous Optical Netw
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SEF 22 182 OK LOS 22 1 OK LOF 22 1
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Use the show aps command to check t
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type of ATM PIC, the configuration
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gre up ipip up lo0 up up lo0.0 up u
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Solution Add the new interface to t
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While this does what you want, it m
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When a single routing protocol prov
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IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses that co
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8.1 Viewing the Routes in the Routi
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oute is learned from a dynamic rout
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} } family iso { address 49.0020.19
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8.2 Viewing Routes to a Particular
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8.3 Viewing Routes Learned from a S
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ff00::/8 perm 0 mdsc 53 1 ff02::1/1
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The actual forwarding tables that t
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and the traffic to these networks i
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Attacker A B Target Real source add
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Check the firewall filter counts wi
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Solution Create a routing policy th
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Discussion Martian addresses are pr
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Solution After configuring both OSP
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To verify the preference change, lo
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Peer supports Refresh capability (2
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This recipe shows how to enable gra
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Page 309 and 310: then accept; } } } protocols { ospf
Page 311 and 312: The first command in the recipe def
Page 313 and 314: [edit] aviva@router1# set protocols
Page 315 and 316: Table 9-4. Actions that change rout
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Page 321 and 322: See Also IANA, http://www.iana.org/
Page 323 and 324: the community string from the route
Page 325 and 326: used to verify that the router is m
Page 327 and 328: } } Discussion } } Placing firewall
Page 329 and 330: Table 9-5. Header match conditions
Page 331 and 332: counterintuitive. However, understa
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Page 335 and 336: protocol tcp; destination-port [ te
Page 337 and 338: Firewall filter terms are evaluated
Page 339 and 340: 9.12 Using a Firewall Filter to Cou
Page 341 and 342: 04:58:41 pfe A t1-0/0/3.0 TCP 10.0.
Page 343 and 344: which traffic is more important and
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Page 347 and 348: Routing Engine, you want to make su
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Page 351 and 352: 9.16 Rate-Limiting Traffic Flow to
Page 353 and 354: list of IP addresses in one place i
Page 355 and 356: lished TCP connections and you sudd
Page 357: By default, the JUNOS software impl
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Page 363 and 364: The routing policy you set up is a
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Page 369 and 370: 10.6 Sending Version 1 Update Messa
Page 371 and 372: Mar 31 10:11:13 Group beta-rip-grou
Page 373 and 374: Chapter 11 CHAPTER 11 IS-IS11 11.0
Page 375 and 376: oundary. This means that the IS-IS
Page 377 and 378: might be useful when migrating two
Page 379 and 380: Interface System L State Hold (secs
Page 381 and 382: RouterA.02-00 0x59 0xeda9 632 L1 L2
Page 383 and 384: The next four lines show the IP pre
Page 385 and 386: configuring the preference statemen
Page 387 and 388: 11.5 Configuring a Level 1-Only Rou
Page 389 and 390: 11.6 Controlling DIS Election Probl
Page 391 and 392: key, or password, for each interfac
Page 393 and 394: } } from protocol static; then acce
Page 395 and 396: Again, we expect the metric to chan
Page 397 and 398: RouterA Level 2 RouterB Level 2 Rou
Page 399 and 400: Increasing the IS-IS cost of Router
Page 401 and 402: 11.12 Moving IS-IS Traffic off a Ro
Page 403 and 404: 11.14 Tracing IS-IS Protocol Traffi
Page 405 and 406: Using some of the other flags, you
Page 407 and 408: OSPF views routers as nodes, which
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Area 0.0.0.0 RouterG lo0:192.168.19
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Another common problem in establish
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The route entries starting with [OS
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entries that originated from the lo
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OSPF network. Route 192.168.18.1:0.
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Checking on RouterA at the other en
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192.168.19.1/32 *[Direct/0] 3d 01:5
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The routers in the stub area no lon
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Router 192.168.16.1 192.168.16.1 0x
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Solution You configure MD5 authenti
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Use the show ospf interface detail
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With the default metric, traffic fr
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12.12 Improving OSPF Convergence Ti
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This output shows two BFD sessions
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aviva@RouterG# commit aviva@RouterG
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Jun 14 22:00:26 CHANGE 192.168.17.1
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Jun 13 16:55:20 IP Route added with
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list of ASs to see whether a route
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E Route was originally learned from
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Then configure an EBGP session to t
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NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
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Next is information about routes le
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Looking at the remote peer router,
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* 10.0.31.0/24 Self I * 172.19.121.
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aviva@RouterE> show bgp summary Gro
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to 10.0.31.1 via t1-0/0/3.0 10.0.29
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lem with BGP itself. When the TCP s
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13.4 Adjusting the Next-Hop Attribu
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The first configuration in this rec
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13.7 Prepending AS Numbers to the A
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13.8 Filtering BGP Routes Based on
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Translated, this match looks for fo
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Type: External State: Established F
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This recipe configures MD5 authenti
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oute reflector system has a set of
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10.0.24.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:18:38, l
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AS 65500 Sub-AS 65501 RouterF 192.1
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figure-of-merit value correlates to
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Once the routing policy is set up,
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change, the router will unsuppress
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See Also RFC 2439, BGP Route Flap D
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You see that the route to 192.168.1
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When setting up policies, also crea
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} See Also next-hop 192.0.2.1; acce
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Another restriction for multipath B
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This forwarding table is then copie
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BGP establishes the connection, fro
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Chapter 14a CHAPTER 14 MPLS14 14.0
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Layer 2 header MPLS header Layer 3
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RouterG 192.168.19.1 Ingress router
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The main difference between LDP and
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family to the t1-4/0/0 interface; o
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Also verify the MPLS-enabled interf
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The first line of the output shows
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aviva@RouterG> show configuration p
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via t1-4/0/0.0, Push 100000 192.168
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aviva@RouterG> show route forwardin
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This recipe shows how to configure
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Oct 5 19:25:52 Msg Hello (0x100), l
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aviva@R3# set rsvp interface fxp0.0
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fxp0 up up fxp0.0 up up inet 192.16
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aviva@R1> show rsvp interface RSVP
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y 13:31:06 the LSP was up and runni
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10.0.0.6 10.0.0.1 Up 0 1 FF 3 - R1-
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Solution On the ingress router, loo
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for LSP signaling. On the egress an
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Discussion There are several ways t
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14.9 Verifying that the RSVP-Signal
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14.11 Protecting an LSP’s Path Pr
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RSVP RRO in the path calculation lo
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The configuration allocates 50 Mbps
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However, RSVP cannot establish the
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Solution Fast reroute reduces packe
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PATH sentto: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0)
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The RSVP interface status shows tha
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14.13 Automatically Allocating Band
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Then examine the history of the LSP
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To understand how preemption works,
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10.0.0.5 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up,
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9 Oct 14 10:51:20 Deselected as act
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The router knows how to reach its i
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10.1.13.1/32 *[Local/0] 2d 20:39:51
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aviva@R1> clear log rsvp-trace-log
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PATH rcvfrom: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0
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The discussion of Layer 3 VPNs invo
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VPN, and routes announced by a remo
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The third and final step is to conf
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One last protocol that you need to
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All routes that are part of the VPN
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--- 192.168.13.1 ping statistics --
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1 *[MPLS/0] 1d 18:03:41, metric 1 R
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65500:3:10.0.31.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:
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emains private. When configuring th
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} } peer-as 65500; neighbor 10.0.1.
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The VPN2 routing table also knows n
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Just to make sure that prefixes are
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Multicast senders and receivers are
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You administratively configure the
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10.0.21.2/24 RouterB 192.168.12.1 R
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
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Again, verify the configured group
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willing to be an RP send RP Announc
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JUNOS routers perform the encapsula
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Now check the RP status on the rout
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Also, make sure that the router’s
Page 619 and 620:
Check to see which RPs the various
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The anycast PIM configuration is qu
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Solution Specify the group address
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The interfaces toward the multicast
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Discussion Flags: sparse Upstream i
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IGMP Query Response Interval: 10.0
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If you are not sure that the domain
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Discussion With PIM-SM, the RP in e
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The full RIB group configuration lo
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} address 192.168.19.1; # ping 224
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Upstream interface: local Upstream
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The first entry is for the source i
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 645:
The command in this recipe is a sim
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adjacencies (continued) IGPs and, 1
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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) (cont
Page 652 and 653:
configure command (continued) exclu
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dotted quad notation, 248 down arro
Page 656 and 657:
firewall filters (continued) loggin
Page 658 and 659:
IBGP (internal BGP) (continued) LOC
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IP multicast (continued) limiting g
Page 662 and 663:
Level 1 systems (IS-IS) authenticat
Page 664 and 665:
martian addresses/prefixes (continu
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O Object Identifier (see OID) OID (
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plain-text passwords (continued) JU
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RFC (Request for Comment) on BGP, 4
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outing tables (continued) checking
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set route-filter command, 296 set r
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show ospf interface command, 386, 3
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ssh command, 3, 89 SSM (Source-Spec
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tracing (trace logging) (continued)
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About the Author Aviva Garrett has
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