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Another way to get information about multicast routes is with the show multicast route command: aviva@RouterA> show multicast route Address family INET Group: 224.1.1.1 Source: 10.0.15.1/32 Upstream interface: fe-0/0/1.0 Downstream interface list: se-0/0/3.0 Address family INET6 <strong>Discussion</strong> When a router receives multicast traffic, it places the (S,G) route information in the JUNOS multicast cache, inet.1. This recipe shows how to display the contents of this table with a variant of the show route command that displays just the inet.1 table. The output in this recipe shows one route, which is displayed as 224.1.1.1,10.0.15.1. The first part, 224.1.1.1, is the multicast group, and the second part is the source address of the route. Looking at the network topology, you see that 10.0.15.1 is the address of the fe-0/0/1 interface on RouterA, which connects to RouterE. This tells you that RouterA learned this route from a source connected to RouterE. The second column of the show route output reports that the route was learned from PIM, has a preference of 105 ([PIM/105]), and is a multicast route. The format of the show route output is optimized for unicast routes, and really doesn’t represent the details about multicast routes very well. A better command to use instead is show multicast route. The basic output is shown in this recipe. Use the extensive form to get more detailed information: aviva@RouterA> show multicast route extensive Address family INET Group: 224.1.1.1 Source: 10.0.15.1/32 Upstream interface: fe-0/0/1.0 Downstream interface list: se-0/0/3.0 Session description: ST Multicast Groups Statistics: 0 kBps, 0 pps, 5 packets Next-hop ID: 359 Upstream protocol: PIM Route state: Active Forwarding state: Forwarding Cache lifetime/timeout: 356 seconds Wrong incoming interface notifications: 0 The first several fields are common to the regular and detailed output. The Group field reports the multicast group that sent the route, which here is 224.1.1.1. The Source and Upstream interface lines tell that this route was learned from 10.0.15.1, which is the address of the fe-0/0/1 interface to RouterE. This interface is upstream, or toward the multicast source. 600 | Chapter 16: IP Multicast This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
The interfaces toward the multicast receivers are listed next. Here, there is only one downstream interface, se-0/0/3, which connects to RouterG. The extensive option displays additional information about the route. The Statistics line shows that this group has transmitted 5 packets, and Upstream protocol shows that PIM is the multicast protocol in use. Use the show multicast usage command to look at just the packet transmission statistics for each group and source: aviva@RouterA> show multicast usage Group Sources Packets Bytes 224.1.1.1 1 5 420 Prefix /len Groups Packets Bytes 10.0.15.1 /32 1 5 420 This output confirms that the router has received 5 packets from group 224.1.1.1, from the source 10.0.15.1 (RouterE). If the router has not yet received any multicast traffic, the inet.1 table is empty because the routes have not learned any (S,G) state. For testing purposes, if you need to generate multicast traffic, you can issue ping commands. This is how the traffic in this recipe was generated because the test network being used is not connected to any multicast sources. To do this, first set up the Session Announcement Protocol (SAP) on a non-RP router to listen to a multicast address: [edit] aviva@RouterG# set protocols sap listen 224.1.1.1 Then from a non-RP router on the other side of the RP from the SAP-enabled router, ping the multicast address:: aviva@RouterE> ping 224.1.1.1 ttl 8 interface fe-0/0/1 count 5 bypass-routing PING 224.1.1.1 (224.1.1.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 10.0.16.2: icmp_seq=0 ttl=254 time=85.554 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.16.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=254 time=10.612 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.16.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=254 time=10.367 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.16.2: icmp_seq=3 ttl=254 time=10.365 ms 64 bytes from 10.0.16.2: icmp_seq=4 ttl=254 time=70.044 ms --- 224.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 10.365/37.388/85.554/33.358 ms 16.10 Checking the Groups for Which a PIM-SM Router Maintains Join State Problem PIM-SM is enabled on all routers, and each router has discovered an RP. You want to check that the router has joined the desired multicast groups. Checking the Groups for Which a PIM-SM Router Maintains Join State | 601 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
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JUNOS Cookbook
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JUNOS Cookbook Aviva Garrett Beijin
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Table of Contents Foreword . . . .
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3. IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8.5 Creating Static Routes 263 8.6
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13.5 Adjusting Local Preference Val
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Foreword The early days at Juniper
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Throughout 1997 and early 1998, all
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Preface1 Over the past decade, netw
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Organization As the name suggests,
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Constant width Used for code sectio
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 Router Configur
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You can use a number of operational
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The show command displays the items
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Each listed completion is the confi
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command on the left side of the pip
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The > tells you that you are in ope
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} } } root@# commit root@router1# e
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For the initial router configuratio
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At this point in configuring the ro
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1.4 Displaying the Commands to Recr
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Discussion It is generally good pra
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is often the first thing to check w
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In this example, the error is in th
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To track down what changed in the c
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Solution Use the following command
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login { class superuser-local { per
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If PIM is not yet configured, merge
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You can also save it to a file in y
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These files are also compressed. av
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You see that the running configurat
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Solution The rollback configuration
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See Also Recipe 1.17 1.19 Backing U
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ad1 11513 MB IBM-DARA-212000 AH0AHG
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J-series filesystems on a device co
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1.22 Installing a Different Softwar
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Use the request system software add
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support site (http://www.juniper.ne
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JUNOS 7.0 was released in the fourt
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Some of the main processes are MGD,
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switching board (the SSB), and two
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1.28 Gathering Information Before C
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The apply-groups statement causes t
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} } } address 10.0.16.1/24; Finally
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The commit synchronize command comm
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modules/ packages/ proc/ root/ sbin
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At this point, you can also upgrade
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lets them gain access to the router
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client/server systems—the RADIUS
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You need to enable FTP only if you
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use of the root account. Logging in
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A slight twist to this recipe is to
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Also, you will not be able to commi
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Solution Set all plain-text passwor
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Discussion When you want users to b
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individual user accounts with passw
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ead-only Can perform all actions in
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If you try to enter a command that
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aviva@router1# set class operator-p
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If you use a centralized server, it
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aviva@RouterF# set term ssh-telnet
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statement in the configuration, whi
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een idle, and what they are doing.
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Mike would be logged out: mike@rout
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Encryption, which is the encoding o
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networks, it does not scale well. A
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} } [edit interfaces] es-3/0/0 { #
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have to set up an IKE SA and a fire
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Here’s what the relevant portions
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Finally, configure the domain’s I
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Configure the security gateway rout
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[edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0]
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Then, configure the IPSec tunnel to
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Issuer: Organization: mycompany, Co
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Alternate subject: RouterB.mycompan
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 SNMP4 4.0 Intro
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juniperMIB, which is the top node o
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Juniper Networks provides several d
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4.2 Setting Router Information for
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Table 4-1. SNMP trap categories Key
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Solution You can add a term to the
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You might want to give access to al
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aviva@router1> show snmp mib get "j
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4.9 Collecting Router Operational I
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CPU utilization: User 0 percent Bac
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Table 4-2. System logging severity
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Discussion RMON is an SNMP specific
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See Also RFC 2819, Remote Network M
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nms1 sha/3des nonvolatile active Gr
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Again, this recipe is somewhat invo
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Finally, configure which traps the
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} notify chassis-notification-list
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Some are the same as those used by
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Solution Use the following commands
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5.2 Limiting the Messages Collected
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Discussion The default maximum size
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no longer need. Here, we logged RIP
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Discussion This configuration redir
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This command causes all messages se
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Apr 29 22:55:16 router xntpd[4977]:
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The traceoption flags indicate the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NTP6 6.0 Introd
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6.2 Setting the Time Zone Problem Y
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Engine boots, the ntpdate utility r
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You can also have all the routers s
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6.6 Checking NTP Status Problem You
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 Router Interfac
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under the name of the interface and
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Solution Use the show interfaces co
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the physical interface. It allows y
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Solution The show interfaces extens
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Broadcast packets 0 [0] Multicast p
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Input packets : 5 Output packets: 5
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1.0.12.2/30 so-1/0/0 Mars 1.0.0.1/3
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To remove an extra IP address, use
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Discussion For MPLS traffic to tran
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Flags: None Addresses, Flags: Is-Pr
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Solution Configure the router’s m
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On an M-series or a T-series router
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You can confirm the presence of the
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Protocol inet6, MTU: 1500 Flags: Is
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Solution Use the Virtual Router Red
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Solution There are three steps to s
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7.16 Configuring T1 Interfaces Prob
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Run the loopback test, which sends
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7.18 Setting Up a BERT Test on a T1
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You can configure an error rate to
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Discussion Synchronous Optical Netw
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SEF 22 182 OK LOS 22 1 OK LOF 22 1
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Use the show aps command to check t
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type of ATM PIC, the configuration
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gre up ipip up lo0 up up lo0.0 up u
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Solution Add the new interface to t
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While this does what you want, it m
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When a single routing protocol prov
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IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses that co
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8.1 Viewing the Routes in the Routi
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oute is learned from a dynamic rout
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} } family iso { address 49.0020.19
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8.2 Viewing Routes to a Particular
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8.3 Viewing Routes Learned from a S
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ff00::/8 perm 0 mdsc 53 1 ff02::1/1
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The actual forwarding tables that t
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and the traffic to these networks i
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Attacker A B Target Real source add
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Check the firewall filter counts wi
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Solution Create a routing policy th
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Discussion Martian addresses are pr
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Solution After configuring both OSP
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To verify the preference change, lo
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Peer supports Refresh capability (2
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This recipe shows how to enable gra
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Because the policy and filter condi
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then accept; } } } protocols { ospf
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The first command in the recipe def
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[edit] aviva@router1# set protocols
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Table 9-4. Actions that change rout
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(called longest-match lookup), so t
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aviva@router1# set term 2 then reje
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See Also IANA, http://www.iana.org/
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the community string from the route
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used to verify that the router is m
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} } Discussion } } Placing firewall
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Table 9-5. Header match conditions
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counterintuitive. However, understa
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protocol-except tcp; } then { count
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protocol tcp; destination-port [ te
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Firewall filter terms are evaluated
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9.12 Using a Firewall Filter to Cou
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04:58:41 pfe A t1-0/0/3.0 TCP 10.0.
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which traffic is more important and
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The next term allows TCP traffic: [
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Routing Engine, you want to make su
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from { source-address { 10.0.8.0/24
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9.16 Rate-Limiting Traffic Flow to
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list of IP addresses in one place i
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lished TCP connections and you sudd
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By default, the JUNOS software impl
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} } } neighbor fe-0/0/0.0; neighbor
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10.0.0.0/24 *[Direct/0] 2w4d 23:05:
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The routing policy you set up is a
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so the inbound metrics are 1. The m
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can use it in the authentication-ke
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10.6 Sending Version 1 Update Messa
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Mar 31 10:11:13 Group beta-rip-grou
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Chapter 11 CHAPTER 11 IS-IS11 11.0
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oundary. This means that the IS-IS
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might be useful when migrating two
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Interface System L State Hold (secs
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RouterA.02-00 0x59 0xeda9 632 L1 L2
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The next four lines show the IP pre
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configuring the preference statemen
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11.5 Configuring a Level 1-Only Rou
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11.6 Controlling DIS Election Probl
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key, or password, for each interfac
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} } from protocol static; then acce
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Again, we expect the metric to chan
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RouterA Level 2 RouterB Level 2 Rou
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Increasing the IS-IS cost of Router
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11.12 Moving IS-IS Traffic off a Ro
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11.14 Tracing IS-IS Protocol Traffi
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Using some of the other flags, you
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OSPF views routers as nodes, which
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Area 0.0.0.0 RouterG lo0:192.168.19
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Another common problem in establish
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The route entries starting with [OS
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entries that originated from the lo
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OSPF network. Route 192.168.18.1:0.
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Checking on RouterA at the other en
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192.168.19.1/32 *[Direct/0] 3d 01:5
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The routers in the stub area no lon
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Router 192.168.16.1 192.168.16.1 0x
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Solution You configure MD5 authenti
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Use the show ospf interface detail
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With the default metric, traffic fr
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12.12 Improving OSPF Convergence Ti
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This output shows two BFD sessions
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aviva@RouterG# commit aviva@RouterG
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Jun 14 22:00:26 CHANGE 192.168.17.1
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Jun 13 16:55:20 IP Route added with
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list of ASs to see whether a route
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E Route was originally learned from
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Then configure an EBGP session to t
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NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
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Next is information about routes le
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Looking at the remote peer router,
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* 10.0.31.0/24 Self I * 172.19.121.
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aviva@RouterE> show bgp summary Gro
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to 10.0.31.1 via t1-0/0/3.0 10.0.29
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lem with BGP itself. When the TCP s
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13.4 Adjusting the Next-Hop Attribu
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The first configuration in this rec
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13.7 Prepending AS Numbers to the A
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13.8 Filtering BGP Routes Based on
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Translated, this match looks for fo
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Type: External State: Established F
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This recipe configures MD5 authenti
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oute reflector system has a set of
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10.0.24.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:18:38, l
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AS 65500 Sub-AS 65501 RouterF 192.1
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figure-of-merit value correlates to
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Once the routing policy is set up,
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change, the router will unsuppress
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See Also RFC 2439, BGP Route Flap D
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You see that the route to 192.168.1
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When setting up policies, also crea
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} See Also next-hop 192.0.2.1; acce
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Another restriction for multipath B
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This forwarding table is then copie
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BGP establishes the connection, fro
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Chapter 14a CHAPTER 14 MPLS14 14.0
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Layer 2 header MPLS header Layer 3
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RouterG 192.168.19.1 Ingress router
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The main difference between LDP and
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family to the t1-4/0/0 interface; o
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Also verify the MPLS-enabled interf
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The first line of the output shows
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aviva@RouterG> show configuration p
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via t1-4/0/0.0, Push 100000 192.168
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aviva@RouterG> show route forwardin
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This recipe shows how to configure
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Oct 5 19:25:52 Msg Hello (0x100), l
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aviva@R3# set rsvp interface fxp0.0
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fxp0 up up fxp0.0 up up inet 192.16
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aviva@R1> show rsvp interface RSVP
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y 13:31:06 the LSP was up and runni
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10.0.0.6 10.0.0.1 Up 0 1 FF 3 - R1-
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Solution On the ingress router, loo
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for LSP signaling. On the egress an
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Discussion There are several ways t
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14.9 Verifying that the RSVP-Signal
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14.11 Protecting an LSP’s Path Pr
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RSVP RRO in the path calculation lo
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The configuration allocates 50 Mbps
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However, RSVP cannot establish the
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Solution Fast reroute reduces packe
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PATH sentto: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0)
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The RSVP interface status shows tha
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14.13 Automatically Allocating Band
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Then examine the history of the LSP
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To understand how preemption works,
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10.0.0.5 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up,
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9 Oct 14 10:51:20 Deselected as act
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The router knows how to reach its i
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10.1.13.1/32 *[Local/0] 2d 20:39:51
Page 573 and 574: aviva@R1> clear log rsvp-trace-log
Page 575 and 576: PATH rcvfrom: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0
Page 577 and 578: The discussion of Layer 3 VPNs invo
Page 579 and 580: VPN, and routes announced by a remo
Page 581 and 582: The third and final step is to conf
Page 583 and 584: One last protocol that you need to
Page 585 and 586: All routes that are part of the VPN
Page 587 and 588: --- 192.168.13.1 ping statistics --
Page 589 and 590: 1 *[MPLS/0] 1d 18:03:41, metric 1 R
Page 591 and 592: 65500:3:10.0.31.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:
Page 593 and 594: emains private. When configuring th
Page 595 and 596: } } peer-as 65500; neighbor 10.0.1.
Page 597 and 598: The VPN2 routing table also knows n
Page 599 and 600: Just to make sure that prefixes are
Page 601 and 602: Multicast senders and receivers are
Page 603 and 604: You administratively configure the
Page 605 and 606: 10.0.21.2/24 RouterB 192.168.12.1 R
Page 607 and 608: IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 609 and 610: Again, verify the configured group
Page 611 and 612: willing to be an RP send RP Announc
Page 613 and 614: JUNOS routers perform the encapsula
Page 615 and 616: Now check the RP status on the rout
Page 617 and 618: Also, make sure that the router’s
Page 619 and 620: Check to see which RPs the various
Page 621 and 622: The anycast PIM configuration is qu
Page 623: Solution Specify the group address
Page 627 and 628: Discussion Flags: sparse Upstream i
Page 629 and 630: IGMP Query Response Interval: 10.0
Page 631 and 632: If you are not sure that the domain
Page 633 and 634: Discussion With PIM-SM, the RP in e
Page 635 and 636: The full RIB group configuration lo
Page 637 and 638: } address 192.168.19.1; # ping 224
Page 639 and 640: Upstream interface: local Upstream
Page 641 and 642: The first entry is for the source i
Page 643 and 644: IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 645: The command in this recipe is a sim
Page 648 and 649: adjacencies (continued) IGPs and, 1
Page 650 and 651: BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) (cont
Page 652 and 653: configure command (continued) exclu
Page 654 and 655: dotted quad notation, 248 down arro
Page 656 and 657: firewall filters (continued) loggin
Page 658 and 659: IBGP (internal BGP) (continued) LOC
Page 660 and 661: IP multicast (continued) limiting g
Page 662 and 663: Level 1 systems (IS-IS) authenticat
Page 664 and 665: martian addresses/prefixes (continu
Page 666 and 667: O Object Identifier (see OID) OID (
Page 668 and 669: plain-text passwords (continued) JU
Page 670 and 671: RFC (Request for Comment) on BGP, 4
Page 672 and 673: outing tables (continued) checking
Page 674 and 675:
set route-filter command, 296 set r
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show ospf interface command, 386, 3
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ssh command, 3, 89 SSM (Source-Spec
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tracing (trace logging) (continued)
Page 683:
About the Author Aviva Garrett has
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