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For example, in operational mode, you can find a subset of the show commands: aviva@router1> show r? Possible completions: rip ripng route rsvp aviva@router1> show r Show Routing Information Protocol information Show Routing Information Protocol for IPv6 information Show routing table information Show Resource Reservation Protocol information The CLI displays the list of available commands and then redisplays the portion of the command you already typed so you do not have to retype it. For example, to show the contents of the routing table, you would now just type oute: aviva@router1> show r? Possible completions: rip Show Routing Information Protocol information ripng Show Routing Information Protocol for IPv6 information route Show routing table information rsvp Show Resource Reservation Protocol information aviva@router1> show r aviva@router1> show route In configuration mode, you can list the subset of available configuration statements: [edit system] aviva@router1# set s? Possible completions: saved-core-context Save context information for core files saved-core-files Number of saved core files per executable (1..64) > services System services > static-host-mapping Static hostname database mapping > syslog System logging facility aviva@router1# set s^ To minimize the amount of typing you have to do, press the spacebar or Tab key to have the CLI complete a nonambiguous command or statement name. This is similar to how some Unix shells operate. aviva@router1# commit a Possible completions: and-quit Quit configuration mode if commit succeeds at Time at which to activate configuration changes aviva@router1# commit an aviva@router1# command and-quit The first command above is ambiguous because there are two possible completions. The second command is unique, so when you press the spacebar key (or Tab key), the CLI automatically completes the command. Press the Enter key to execute the command. After you have typed a complete command (but before pressing Enter), another set of commands becomes available to allow you to control the format of the output. To access these commands, you first type a | (pipe), which directs the output from the 8 | Chapter 1: Router Configuration and File Management This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
command on the left side of the pipe into the command on the right side of the pipe, in exactly the same way that a Unix pipe works. The following commands are available: aviva@router1> show route | ? Possible completions: count Count occurrences display Show additional kinds of information except Show only text that does not match a pattern find Search for first occurrence of pattern hold Hold text without exiting the --More-- prompt last Display end of output only match Show only text that matches a pattern no-more Don't paginate output request Make system-level requests resolve Resolve IP addresses save Save output text to file trim Trim specified number of columns from start of line Another way to minimize typing is to use keyboard sequences. The simplest are the up and down arrows, which scroll through the most recent commands you typed. (The JUNOS software maintains a command history similar to Unix shell history.) If you want to modify rather than retype a command, you can use the left and right arrows and the Backspace and Delete keys. There are also a number of keyboard sequences that are similar or identical to Emacs commands that you can use to move around on a command line and edit it. Table 1-1 lists some common keystrokes. Table 1-1. Keystroke sequences Keystroke sequence Ctrl-p Ctrl-n Ctrl-a Ctrl-e Ctrl-b Ctrl-f Esc-b Esc-f Ctrl-k Esc-d Esc-Backspace Ctrl-y Action Display previous command history line Display next command history line Move to beginning of line Move to end of line Move back one character Move forward one character Move back one word Move forward one word Delete everything from cursor to end of line Delete one word forward (the word after the cursor) Delete one word backward (the word before the cursor) Paste the deleted word or text at the cursor Another aspect of the CLI help is online documentation, which is installed on the router’s hard disk. This documentation is taken from the JUNOS product configuration guides. You can use the online documentation to get information about configuration statements while you are logged in to the router. To get high-level information This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction | 9
Page 3 and 4: JUNOS Cookbook
Page 5 and 6: JUNOS Cookbook Aviva Garrett Beijin
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Foreword . . . .
Page 9 and 10: 3. IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Page 11 and 12: 8.5 Creating Static Routes 263 8.6
Page 13 and 14: 13.5 Adjusting Local Preference Val
Page 15 and 16: Foreword The early days at Juniper
Page 17 and 18: Throughout 1997 and early 1998, all
Page 19 and 20: Preface1 Over the past decade, netw
Page 21 and 22: Organization As the name suggests,
Page 23 and 24: Constant width Used for code sectio
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 Router Configur
Page 27 and 28: You can use a number of operational
Page 29 and 30: The show command displays the items
Page 31: Each listed completion is the confi
Page 35 and 36: The > tells you that you are in ope
Page 37 and 38: } } } root@# commit root@router1# e
Page 39 and 40: For the initial router configuratio
Page 41 and 42: At this point in configuring the ro
Page 43 and 44: 1.4 Displaying the Commands to Recr
Page 45 and 46: Discussion It is generally good pra
Page 47 and 48: is often the first thing to check w
Page 49 and 50: In this example, the error is in th
Page 51 and 52: To track down what changed in the c
Page 53 and 54: Solution Use the following command
Page 55 and 56: login { class superuser-local { per
Page 57 and 58: If PIM is not yet configured, merge
Page 59 and 60: You can also save it to a file in y
Page 61 and 62: These files are also compressed. av
Page 63 and 64: You see that the running configurat
Page 65 and 66: Solution The rollback configuration
Page 67 and 68: See Also Recipe 1.17 1.19 Backing U
Page 69 and 70: ad1 11513 MB IBM-DARA-212000 AH0AHG
Page 71 and 72: J-series filesystems on a device co
Page 73 and 74: 1.22 Installing a Different Softwar
Page 75 and 76: Use the request system software add
Page 77 and 78: support site (http://www.juniper.ne
Page 79 and 80: JUNOS 7.0 was released in the fourt
Page 81 and 82: Some of the main processes are MGD,
Page 83 and 84:
switching board (the SSB), and two
Page 85 and 86:
1.28 Gathering Information Before C
Page 87 and 88:
The apply-groups statement causes t
Page 89 and 90:
} } } address 10.0.16.1/24; Finally
Page 91 and 92:
The commit synchronize command comm
Page 93 and 94:
modules/ packages/ proc/ root/ sbin
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At this point, you can also upgrade
Page 97 and 98:
lets them gain access to the router
Page 99 and 100:
client/server systems—the RADIUS
Page 101 and 102:
You need to enable FTP only if you
Page 103 and 104:
use of the root account. Logging in
Page 105 and 106:
A slight twist to this recipe is to
Page 107 and 108:
Also, you will not be able to commi
Page 109 and 110:
Solution Set all plain-text passwor
Page 111 and 112:
Discussion When you want users to b
Page 113 and 114:
individual user accounts with passw
Page 115 and 116:
ead-only Can perform all actions in
Page 117 and 118:
If you try to enter a command that
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aviva@router1# set class operator-p
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If you use a centralized server, it
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aviva@RouterF# set term ssh-telnet
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statement in the configuration, whi
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een idle, and what they are doing.
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Mike would be logged out: mike@rout
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Encryption, which is the encoding o
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networks, it does not scale well. A
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} } [edit interfaces] es-3/0/0 { #
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have to set up an IKE SA and a fire
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Here’s what the relevant portions
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Finally, configure the domain’s I
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Configure the security gateway rout
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[edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0]
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Then, configure the IPSec tunnel to
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Issuer: Organization: mycompany, Co
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Alternate subject: RouterB.mycompan
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 SNMP4 4.0 Intro
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juniperMIB, which is the top node o
Page 157 and 158:
Juniper Networks provides several d
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4.2 Setting Router Information for
Page 161 and 162:
Table 4-1. SNMP trap categories Key
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Solution You can add a term to the
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You might want to give access to al
Page 167 and 168:
aviva@router1> show snmp mib get "j
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4.9 Collecting Router Operational I
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CPU utilization: User 0 percent Bac
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Table 4-2. System logging severity
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Discussion RMON is an SNMP specific
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See Also RFC 2819, Remote Network M
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nms1 sha/3des nonvolatile active Gr
Page 181 and 182:
Again, this recipe is somewhat invo
Page 183 and 184:
Finally, configure which traps the
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} notify chassis-notification-list
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Some are the same as those used by
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Solution Use the following commands
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5.2 Limiting the Messages Collected
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Discussion The default maximum size
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no longer need. Here, we logged RIP
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Discussion This configuration redir
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This command causes all messages se
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Apr 29 22:55:16 router xntpd[4977]:
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The traceoption flags indicate the
Page 205 and 206:
Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NTP6 6.0 Introd
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6.2 Setting the Time Zone Problem Y
Page 209 and 210:
Engine boots, the ntpdate utility r
Page 211 and 212:
You can also have all the routers s
Page 213 and 214:
6.6 Checking NTP Status Problem You
Page 215 and 216:
Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 Router Interfac
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under the name of the interface and
Page 219 and 220:
Solution Use the show interfaces co
Page 221 and 222:
the physical interface. It allows y
Page 223 and 224:
Solution The show interfaces extens
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Broadcast packets 0 [0] Multicast p
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Input packets : 5 Output packets: 5
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1.0.12.2/30 so-1/0/0 Mars 1.0.0.1/3
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To remove an extra IP address, use
Page 233 and 234:
Discussion For MPLS traffic to tran
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Flags: None Addresses, Flags: Is-Pr
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Solution Configure the router’s m
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On an M-series or a T-series router
Page 241 and 242:
You can confirm the presence of the
Page 243 and 244:
Protocol inet6, MTU: 1500 Flags: Is
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Solution Use the Virtual Router Red
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Solution There are three steps to s
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7.16 Configuring T1 Interfaces Prob
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Run the loopback test, which sends
Page 253 and 254:
7.18 Setting Up a BERT Test on a T1
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You can configure an error rate to
Page 257 and 258:
Discussion Synchronous Optical Netw
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SEF 22 182 OK LOS 22 1 OK LOF 22 1
Page 261 and 262:
Use the show aps command to check t
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type of ATM PIC, the configuration
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gre up ipip up lo0 up up lo0.0 up u
Page 267 and 268:
Solution Add the new interface to t
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While this does what you want, it m
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When a single routing protocol prov
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IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses that co
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8.1 Viewing the Routes in the Routi
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oute is learned from a dynamic rout
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} } family iso { address 49.0020.19
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8.2 Viewing Routes to a Particular
Page 283 and 284:
8.3 Viewing Routes Learned from a S
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ff00::/8 perm 0 mdsc 53 1 ff02::1/1
Page 287 and 288:
The actual forwarding tables that t
Page 289 and 290:
and the traffic to these networks i
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Attacker A B Target Real source add
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Check the firewall filter counts wi
Page 295 and 296:
Solution Create a routing policy th
Page 297 and 298:
Discussion Martian addresses are pr
Page 299 and 300:
Solution After configuring both OSP
Page 301 and 302:
To verify the preference change, lo
Page 303 and 304:
Peer supports Refresh capability (2
Page 305 and 306:
This recipe shows how to enable gra
Page 307 and 308:
Because the policy and filter condi
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then accept; } } } protocols { ospf
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The first command in the recipe def
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[edit] aviva@router1# set protocols
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Table 9-4. Actions that change rout
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(called longest-match lookup), so t
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aviva@router1# set term 2 then reje
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See Also IANA, http://www.iana.org/
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the community string from the route
Page 325 and 326:
used to verify that the router is m
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} } Discussion } } Placing firewall
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Table 9-5. Header match conditions
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counterintuitive. However, understa
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protocol-except tcp; } then { count
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protocol tcp; destination-port [ te
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Firewall filter terms are evaluated
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9.12 Using a Firewall Filter to Cou
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04:58:41 pfe A t1-0/0/3.0 TCP 10.0.
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which traffic is more important and
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The next term allows TCP traffic: [
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Routing Engine, you want to make su
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from { source-address { 10.0.8.0/24
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9.16 Rate-Limiting Traffic Flow to
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list of IP addresses in one place i
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lished TCP connections and you sudd
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By default, the JUNOS software impl
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} } } neighbor fe-0/0/0.0; neighbor
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10.0.0.0/24 *[Direct/0] 2w4d 23:05:
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The routing policy you set up is a
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so the inbound metrics are 1. The m
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can use it in the authentication-ke
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10.6 Sending Version 1 Update Messa
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Mar 31 10:11:13 Group beta-rip-grou
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Chapter 11 CHAPTER 11 IS-IS11 11.0
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oundary. This means that the IS-IS
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might be useful when migrating two
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Interface System L State Hold (secs
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RouterA.02-00 0x59 0xeda9 632 L1 L2
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The next four lines show the IP pre
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configuring the preference statemen
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11.5 Configuring a Level 1-Only Rou
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11.6 Controlling DIS Election Probl
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key, or password, for each interfac
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} } from protocol static; then acce
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Again, we expect the metric to chan
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RouterA Level 2 RouterB Level 2 Rou
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Increasing the IS-IS cost of Router
Page 401 and 402:
11.12 Moving IS-IS Traffic off a Ro
Page 403 and 404:
11.14 Tracing IS-IS Protocol Traffi
Page 405 and 406:
Using some of the other flags, you
Page 407 and 408:
OSPF views routers as nodes, which
Page 409 and 410:
Area 0.0.0.0 RouterG lo0:192.168.19
Page 411 and 412:
Another common problem in establish
Page 413 and 414:
The route entries starting with [OS
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entries that originated from the lo
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OSPF network. Route 192.168.18.1:0.
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Checking on RouterA at the other en
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192.168.19.1/32 *[Direct/0] 3d 01:5
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The routers in the stub area no lon
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Router 192.168.16.1 192.168.16.1 0x
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Solution You configure MD5 authenti
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Use the show ospf interface detail
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With the default metric, traffic fr
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12.12 Improving OSPF Convergence Ti
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This output shows two BFD sessions
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aviva@RouterG# commit aviva@RouterG
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Jun 14 22:00:26 CHANGE 192.168.17.1
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Jun 13 16:55:20 IP Route added with
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list of ASs to see whether a route
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E Route was originally learned from
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Then configure an EBGP session to t
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NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
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Next is information about routes le
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Looking at the remote peer router,
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* 10.0.31.0/24 Self I * 172.19.121.
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aviva@RouterE> show bgp summary Gro
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to 10.0.31.1 via t1-0/0/3.0 10.0.29
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lem with BGP itself. When the TCP s
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13.4 Adjusting the Next-Hop Attribu
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The first configuration in this rec
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13.7 Prepending AS Numbers to the A
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13.8 Filtering BGP Routes Based on
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Translated, this match looks for fo
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Type: External State: Established F
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This recipe configures MD5 authenti
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oute reflector system has a set of
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10.0.24.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:18:38, l
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AS 65500 Sub-AS 65501 RouterF 192.1
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figure-of-merit value correlates to
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Once the routing policy is set up,
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change, the router will unsuppress
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See Also RFC 2439, BGP Route Flap D
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You see that the route to 192.168.1
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When setting up policies, also crea
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} See Also next-hop 192.0.2.1; acce
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Another restriction for multipath B
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This forwarding table is then copie
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BGP establishes the connection, fro
Page 503 and 504:
Chapter 14a CHAPTER 14 MPLS14 14.0
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Layer 2 header MPLS header Layer 3
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RouterG 192.168.19.1 Ingress router
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The main difference between LDP and
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family to the t1-4/0/0 interface; o
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Also verify the MPLS-enabled interf
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The first line of the output shows
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aviva@RouterG> show configuration p
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via t1-4/0/0.0, Push 100000 192.168
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aviva@RouterG> show route forwardin
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This recipe shows how to configure
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Oct 5 19:25:52 Msg Hello (0x100), l
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aviva@R3# set rsvp interface fxp0.0
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fxp0 up up fxp0.0 up up inet 192.16
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aviva@R1> show rsvp interface RSVP
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y 13:31:06 the LSP was up and runni
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10.0.0.6 10.0.0.1 Up 0 1 FF 3 - R1-
Page 537 and 538:
Solution On the ingress router, loo
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for LSP signaling. On the egress an
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Discussion There are several ways t
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14.9 Verifying that the RSVP-Signal
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14.11 Protecting an LSP’s Path Pr
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RSVP RRO in the path calculation lo
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The configuration allocates 50 Mbps
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However, RSVP cannot establish the
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Solution Fast reroute reduces packe
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PATH sentto: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0)
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The RSVP interface status shows tha
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14.13 Automatically Allocating Band
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Then examine the history of the LSP
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To understand how preemption works,
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10.0.0.5 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up,
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9 Oct 14 10:51:20 Deselected as act
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The router knows how to reach its i
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10.1.13.1/32 *[Local/0] 2d 20:39:51
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aviva@R1> clear log rsvp-trace-log
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PATH rcvfrom: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0
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The discussion of Layer 3 VPNs invo
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VPN, and routes announced by a remo
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The third and final step is to conf
Page 583 and 584:
One last protocol that you need to
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All routes that are part of the VPN
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--- 192.168.13.1 ping statistics --
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1 *[MPLS/0] 1d 18:03:41, metric 1 R
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65500:3:10.0.31.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:
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emains private. When configuring th
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} } peer-as 65500; neighbor 10.0.1.
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The VPN2 routing table also knows n
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Just to make sure that prefixes are
Page 601 and 602:
Multicast senders and receivers are
Page 603 and 604:
You administratively configure the
Page 605 and 606:
10.0.21.2/24 RouterB 192.168.12.1 R
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
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Again, verify the configured group
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willing to be an RP send RP Announc
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JUNOS routers perform the encapsula
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Now check the RP status on the rout
Page 617 and 618:
Also, make sure that the router’s
Page 619 and 620:
Check to see which RPs the various
Page 621 and 622:
The anycast PIM configuration is qu
Page 623 and 624:
Solution Specify the group address
Page 625 and 626:
The interfaces toward the multicast
Page 627 and 628:
Discussion Flags: sparse Upstream i
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IGMP Query Response Interval: 10.0
Page 631 and 632:
If you are not sure that the domain
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Discussion With PIM-SM, the RP in e
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The full RIB group configuration lo
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} address 192.168.19.1; # ping 224
Page 639 and 640:
Upstream interface: local Upstream
Page 641 and 642:
The first entry is for the source i
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 645:
The command in this recipe is a sim
Page 648 and 649:
adjacencies (continued) IGPs and, 1
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BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) (cont
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configure command (continued) exclu
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dotted quad notation, 248 down arro
Page 656 and 657:
firewall filters (continued) loggin
Page 658 and 659:
IBGP (internal BGP) (continued) LOC
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IP multicast (continued) limiting g
Page 662 and 663:
Level 1 systems (IS-IS) authenticat
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martian addresses/prefixes (continu
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O Object Identifier (see OID) OID (
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plain-text passwords (continued) JU
Page 670 and 671:
RFC (Request for Comment) on BGP, 4
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outing tables (continued) checking
Page 674 and 675:
set route-filter command, 296 set r
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show ospf interface command, 386, 3
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ssh command, 3, 89 SSM (Source-Spec
Page 680 and 681:
tracing (trace logging) (continued)
Page 683:
About the Author Aviva Garrett has
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