Discussion

emergency rescue, 42
exclusive access, 17–18
exiting configuration mode, 25–26
first time, 12–17
installing software releases, 49–52
keeping records of changes, 26
loading previous, 41
managing similar, 62–66
provisionally activating, 40
re-creating, 19–20
redundant Routing Engines, 66–70
scheduling activation of, 37–39
security with, 73
statement hierarchy, 6
text from terminal windows, 32–34
router interfaces (see interfaces)
router security
allow access to routers, 76–77
creating login banners, 101, 102
customizing account privileges, 89–95
determining who is logged in, 102, 103
forcibly logging users out, 104, 105
hiding encrypted passwords, 95
logging in to console, 79
logging out, 103, 104
plain-text passwords, 84–86
RADIUS user authentication, 96–97
remote authentication, 86, 87
restricting inbound access, 98, 100
root authentication, 77–79
setting authentication methods, 80–81
setting up login accounts, 81–84
TACACS+ user authentication, 98
Telnet and source addresses, 100, 101
routes
adding BGP community, 465–471
advertising, 247, 282, 338, 339
aggregating, 269, 270
BGP and, 433
BGP attributes, 420–422
BGP sessions and, 428, 429
blackholing, 264–265
changing preferences, 274–277
convergence time, 333
filtering, 291, 293
filtering based on AS paths, 445–448
in forwarding tables, 259–263
half-life, 459, 460
hidden, 255, 447
IS-IS, 359–361, 371–373
leaking Level 2 to Level 1, 371–373
mitigating instabilities, 457–465
multicast, 599–601
OSPF, 387–389
path vector algorithm and, 418
restricting advertised, 448–450
setting up reflectors, 452–457
summarizing in OSPF, 401, 402
unicast routing table, 546–548
viewing in routing tables, 251–256
viewing routes learned from
protocols, 259
viewing with particular prefixes, 257, 258
(see also active routes; static routes)
routing (see IP routing)
Routing Engines
active routes and, 515
backup routers and, 14
commit synchronize command, 23
copying files between, 16
disabling redundancy, 70
firewall filters, 99, 304, 320–327
forwarding tables, 248, 260, 261
interfaces and, 241
load-balancing traffic, 474
MPLS routes and, 496
operational information about, 146
OSPF and, 385
rate limiting traffic flow, 327–329
redirecting logging messages, 175–177
redundant, 66–70
routing software, 55
synchronizing time, 184
upgrading software versions, 70, 71
routing information bases (RIBs), 246
Routing Information Protocol (see RIP;
RIPng)
routing information registry (RIR), 467
routing keyword, 137
routing permission bit, 90
routing policy (see policies)
routing preference
default, 249
defined, 440
IS-IS, 360
OSPF, 389
routing tables
adding BGP community to routes, 468
aggregate routes and, 269
BGP and, 369, 427, 428, 430, 436, 447,
546
blackholing routes, 265
Index | 647
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