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Table 9-3. General actions to take on matching routes Action term Description Additional action taken accept Accept the route and propagate it. Evaluation of the policy statement ends. If the policy has more terms, they are ignored. If the policy is part of a chain of policies, any subsequent policies are ignored. reject Reject the route and do not propagate it. Evaluation of the policy statement ends. If the policy has more terms, they are ignored. If the policy is part of a chain of policies, any subsequent policies are ignored. next term Take any actions in the then clause that modify the route properties. Any accept or reject action is ignored, and evaluation of the policy statement jumps to the next term in the policy. next policy Take any actions in the then clause that modify the route properties. Because the policy in this recipe has one term, if the packet matches all the conditions (similar to a logical AND action), the action is taken. If there are no actions or if a route does not match all the conditions, the default accept or reject action is taken, which for OSPF is to reject the route and not advertise it. If a routing policy has multiple terms, they are evaluated sequentially. As soon as the route matches a term, the action in that term is taken and policy evaluation completes. If the route does not match any of the terms, the default action for that protocol is taken. The then clause can include additional actions that modify the route properties. These are discussed in Recipe 9.2. The third command in the recipe, set export send-statics, applies the policy to OSPF, referencing it by name. The set export command affects routes that OSPF advertises to its peers. By default, OSPF advertises only routes learned from other OSPF routers. This policy configures OSPF to also advertise any static routes configured on the local router. Use the show policy command to see which policies are configured: aviva@router1> show policy Configured policies: send-statics Any accept or reject action is ignored, any subsequent terms in the policy are ignored, and evaluation of the policy statement jumps to the next policy in the chain. For just one policy, the output is not very interesting. However, if the configuration contains a number of routing policies, this command is a good way to get a quick list of the policies. Because all routing policies are in a common place in the configuration (in the [edit policy-options] hierarchy), you can refer to them more than once when configuring a routing protocol. For example, you can use the policy in this recipe to redistribute static routes into an EBGP group. Because the policy is already defined, you need to just reference the EBGP group: 288 | Chapter 9: Routing Policy and Firewall Filters This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
[edit] aviva@router1# set protocols bgp group external group export send-statics It’s worthwhile to take a moment to comment on the style you use to type configuration statements for routing policies (and also for firewall filters). In this recipe, you are at the [edit] configuration hierarchy level, which is the very top level of the hierarchy, so you have to type the full hierarchy to the statement as well as the statement itself. This recipe has a fairly deep hierarchy level, as do most policy and firewall configurations, so the method shown here involves a lot of typing: [edit] aviva@router1# set policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1 from protocol static aviva@router1# set policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1 then accept You may find it a better practice to move to that hierarchy level, both so you have less typing to do and so you have a better sense of where you are in the configuration. For this recipe, you could type most of the configuration commands from the [edit policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1] hierarchy level: [edit] aviva@router1# edit policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1 [edit policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1] aviva@router1# set from protocol static aviva@router1# set then accept Another configuration shortcut to minimize typing is to use the keystroke sequences listed in Table 1-1. Ctrl-p (or sometimes the up arrow on the keyboard) displays the previous CLI command: [edit] aviva@router1# set policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1 from protocol static aviva@router1# Ctrl-p [edit] aviva@router1# set policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1 from protocol static Then delete from protocol static and type then accept. To delete the previous statements, use the Backspace key or the sequence Ctrl-b to move back one character or Esc-b to move back one word, along with Ctrl-k to delete all characters from the cursor to the end of the line: [edit] aviva@router1# set policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1 backspace to here aviva@router1# set policy-options policy-statement send-statics term 1 then accept See Also Recipes 9.2 and 9.7 Creating a Simple Routing Policy | 289 This is the Title of the Book, eMatter Edition Copyright © 2008 O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights reserved.
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JUNOS Cookbook
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JUNOS Cookbook Aviva Garrett Beijin
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Table of Contents Foreword . . . .
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3. IPSec . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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8.5 Creating Static Routes 263 8.6
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13.5 Adjusting Local Preference Val
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Foreword The early days at Juniper
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Throughout 1997 and early 1998, all
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Preface1 Over the past decade, netw
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Organization As the name suggests,
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Constant width Used for code sectio
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Chapter 1 CHAPTER 1 Router Configur
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You can use a number of operational
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The show command displays the items
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Each listed completion is the confi
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command on the left side of the pip
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The > tells you that you are in ope
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} } } root@# commit root@router1# e
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For the initial router configuratio
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At this point in configuring the ro
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1.4 Displaying the Commands to Recr
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Discussion It is generally good pra
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is often the first thing to check w
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In this example, the error is in th
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To track down what changed in the c
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Solution Use the following command
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login { class superuser-local { per
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If PIM is not yet configured, merge
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You can also save it to a file in y
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These files are also compressed. av
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You see that the running configurat
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Solution The rollback configuration
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See Also Recipe 1.17 1.19 Backing U
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ad1 11513 MB IBM-DARA-212000 AH0AHG
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J-series filesystems on a device co
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1.22 Installing a Different Softwar
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Use the request system software add
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support site (http://www.juniper.ne
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JUNOS 7.0 was released in the fourt
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Some of the main processes are MGD,
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switching board (the SSB), and two
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1.28 Gathering Information Before C
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The apply-groups statement causes t
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} } } address 10.0.16.1/24; Finally
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The commit synchronize command comm
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modules/ packages/ proc/ root/ sbin
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At this point, you can also upgrade
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lets them gain access to the router
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client/server systems—the RADIUS
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You need to enable FTP only if you
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use of the root account. Logging in
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A slight twist to this recipe is to
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Also, you will not be able to commi
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Solution Set all plain-text passwor
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Discussion When you want users to b
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individual user accounts with passw
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ead-only Can perform all actions in
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If you try to enter a command that
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aviva@router1# set class operator-p
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If you use a centralized server, it
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aviva@RouterF# set term ssh-telnet
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statement in the configuration, whi
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een idle, and what they are doing.
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Mike would be logged out: mike@rout
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Encryption, which is the encoding o
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networks, it does not scale well. A
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} } [edit interfaces] es-3/0/0 { #
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have to set up an IKE SA and a fire
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Here’s what the relevant portions
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Finally, configure the domain’s I
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Configure the security gateway rout
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[edit protocols ospf area 0.0.0.0]
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Then, configure the IPSec tunnel to
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Issuer: Organization: mycompany, Co
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Alternate subject: RouterB.mycompan
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Chapter 4 CHAPTER 4 SNMP4 4.0 Intro
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juniperMIB, which is the top node o
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Juniper Networks provides several d
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4.2 Setting Router Information for
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Table 4-1. SNMP trap categories Key
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Solution You can add a term to the
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You might want to give access to al
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aviva@router1> show snmp mib get "j
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4.9 Collecting Router Operational I
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CPU utilization: User 0 percent Bac
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Table 4-2. System logging severity
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Discussion RMON is an SNMP specific
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See Also RFC 2819, Remote Network M
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nms1 sha/3des nonvolatile active Gr
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Again, this recipe is somewhat invo
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Finally, configure which traps the
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} notify chassis-notification-list
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Some are the same as those used by
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Solution Use the following commands
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5.2 Limiting the Messages Collected
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Discussion The default maximum size
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no longer need. Here, we logged RIP
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Discussion This configuration redir
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This command causes all messages se
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Apr 29 22:55:16 router xntpd[4977]:
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The traceoption flags indicate the
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Chapter 6 CHAPTER 6 NTP6 6.0 Introd
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6.2 Setting the Time Zone Problem Y
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Engine boots, the ntpdate utility r
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You can also have all the routers s
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6.6 Checking NTP Status Problem You
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Chapter 7 CHAPTER 7 Router Interfac
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under the name of the interface and
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Solution Use the show interfaces co
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the physical interface. It allows y
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Solution The show interfaces extens
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Broadcast packets 0 [0] Multicast p
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Input packets : 5 Output packets: 5
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1.0.12.2/30 so-1/0/0 Mars 1.0.0.1/3
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To remove an extra IP address, use
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Discussion For MPLS traffic to tran
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Flags: None Addresses, Flags: Is-Pr
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Solution Configure the router’s m
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On an M-series or a T-series router
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You can confirm the presence of the
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Protocol inet6, MTU: 1500 Flags: Is
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Solution Use the Virtual Router Red
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Solution There are three steps to s
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7.16 Configuring T1 Interfaces Prob
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Run the loopback test, which sends
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7.18 Setting Up a BERT Test on a T1
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You can configure an error rate to
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Discussion Synchronous Optical Netw
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SEF 22 182 OK LOS 22 1 OK LOF 22 1
Page 261 and 262: Use the show aps command to check t
Page 263 and 264: type of ATM PIC, the configuration
Page 265 and 266: gre up ipip up lo0 up up lo0.0 up u
Page 267 and 268: Solution Add the new interface to t
Page 269 and 270: While this does what you want, it m
Page 271 and 272: When a single routing protocol prov
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Page 281 and 282: 8.2 Viewing Routes to a Particular
Page 283 and 284: 8.3 Viewing Routes Learned from a S
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Page 287 and 288: The actual forwarding tables that t
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Page 291 and 292: Attacker A B Target Real source add
Page 293 and 294: Check the firewall filter counts wi
Page 295 and 296: Solution Create a routing policy th
Page 297 and 298: Discussion Martian addresses are pr
Page 299 and 300: Solution After configuring both OSP
Page 301 and 302: To verify the preference change, lo
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Page 305 and 306: This recipe shows how to enable gra
Page 307 and 308: Because the policy and filter condi
Page 309 and 310: then accept; } } } protocols { ospf
Page 311: The first command in the recipe def
Page 315 and 316: Table 9-4. Actions that change rout
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Page 319 and 320: aviva@router1# set term 2 then reje
Page 321 and 322: See Also IANA, http://www.iana.org/
Page 323 and 324: the community string from the route
Page 325 and 326: used to verify that the router is m
Page 327 and 328: } } Discussion } } Placing firewall
Page 329 and 330: Table 9-5. Header match conditions
Page 331 and 332: counterintuitive. However, understa
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Page 335 and 336: protocol tcp; destination-port [ te
Page 337 and 338: Firewall filter terms are evaluated
Page 339 and 340: 9.12 Using a Firewall Filter to Cou
Page 341 and 342: 04:58:41 pfe A t1-0/0/3.0 TCP 10.0.
Page 343 and 344: which traffic is more important and
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Page 351 and 352: 9.16 Rate-Limiting Traffic Flow to
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The routing policy you set up is a
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so the inbound metrics are 1. The m
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can use it in the authentication-ke
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10.6 Sending Version 1 Update Messa
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Mar 31 10:11:13 Group beta-rip-grou
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Chapter 11 CHAPTER 11 IS-IS11 11.0
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oundary. This means that the IS-IS
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might be useful when migrating two
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Interface System L State Hold (secs
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RouterA.02-00 0x59 0xeda9 632 L1 L2
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The next four lines show the IP pre
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configuring the preference statemen
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11.5 Configuring a Level 1-Only Rou
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11.6 Controlling DIS Election Probl
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key, or password, for each interfac
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} } from protocol static; then acce
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Again, we expect the metric to chan
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RouterA Level 2 RouterB Level 2 Rou
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Increasing the IS-IS cost of Router
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11.12 Moving IS-IS Traffic off a Ro
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11.14 Tracing IS-IS Protocol Traffi
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Using some of the other flags, you
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OSPF views routers as nodes, which
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Area 0.0.0.0 RouterG lo0:192.168.19
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Another common problem in establish
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The route entries starting with [OS
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entries that originated from the lo
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OSPF network. Route 192.168.18.1:0.
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Checking on RouterA at the other en
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192.168.19.1/32 *[Direct/0] 3d 01:5
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The routers in the stub area no lon
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Router 192.168.16.1 192.168.16.1 0x
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Solution You configure MD5 authenti
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Use the show ospf interface detail
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With the default metric, traffic fr
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12.12 Improving OSPF Convergence Ti
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This output shows two BFD sessions
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aviva@RouterG# commit aviva@RouterG
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Jun 14 22:00:26 CHANGE 192.168.17.1
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Jun 13 16:55:20 IP Route added with
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list of ASs to see whether a route
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E Route was originally learned from
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Then configure an EBGP session to t
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NLRI for this session: inet-unicast
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Next is information about routes le
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Looking at the remote peer router,
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* 10.0.31.0/24 Self I * 172.19.121.
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aviva@RouterE> show bgp summary Gro
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to 10.0.31.1 via t1-0/0/3.0 10.0.29
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lem with BGP itself. When the TCP s
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13.4 Adjusting the Next-Hop Attribu
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The first configuration in this rec
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13.7 Prepending AS Numbers to the A
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13.8 Filtering BGP Routes Based on
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Translated, this match looks for fo
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Type: External State: Established F
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This recipe configures MD5 authenti
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oute reflector system has a set of
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10.0.24.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:18:38, l
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AS 65500 Sub-AS 65501 RouterF 192.1
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figure-of-merit value correlates to
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Once the routing policy is set up,
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change, the router will unsuppress
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See Also RFC 2439, BGP Route Flap D
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You see that the route to 192.168.1
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When setting up policies, also crea
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} See Also next-hop 192.0.2.1; acce
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Another restriction for multipath B
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This forwarding table is then copie
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BGP establishes the connection, fro
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Chapter 14a CHAPTER 14 MPLS14 14.0
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Layer 2 header MPLS header Layer 3
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RouterG 192.168.19.1 Ingress router
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The main difference between LDP and
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family to the t1-4/0/0 interface; o
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Also verify the MPLS-enabled interf
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The first line of the output shows
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aviva@RouterG> show configuration p
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via t1-4/0/0.0, Push 100000 192.168
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aviva@RouterG> show route forwardin
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This recipe shows how to configure
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Oct 5 19:25:52 Msg Hello (0x100), l
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aviva@R3# set rsvp interface fxp0.0
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fxp0 up up fxp0.0 up up inet 192.16
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aviva@R1> show rsvp interface RSVP
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y 13:31:06 the LSP was up and runni
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10.0.0.6 10.0.0.1 Up 0 1 FF 3 - R1-
Page 537 and 538:
Solution On the ingress router, loo
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for LSP signaling. On the egress an
Page 541 and 542:
Discussion There are several ways t
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14.9 Verifying that the RSVP-Signal
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14.11 Protecting an LSP’s Path Pr
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RSVP RRO in the path calculation lo
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The configuration allocates 50 Mbps
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However, RSVP cannot establish the
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Solution Fast reroute reduces packe
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PATH sentto: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0)
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The RSVP interface status shows tha
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14.13 Automatically Allocating Band
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Then examine the history of the LSP
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To understand how preemption works,
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10.0.0.5 From: 10.0.0.1, State: Up,
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9 Oct 14 10:51:20 Deselected as act
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The router knows how to reach its i
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10.1.13.1/32 *[Local/0] 2d 20:39:51
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aviva@R1> clear log rsvp-trace-log
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PATH rcvfrom: 10.1.13.2 (so-0/0/2.0
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The discussion of Layer 3 VPNs invo
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VPN, and routes announced by a remo
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The third and final step is to conf
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One last protocol that you need to
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All routes that are part of the VPN
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--- 192.168.13.1 ping statistics --
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1 *[MPLS/0] 1d 18:03:41, metric 1 R
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65500:3:10.0.31.0/24 *[BGP/170] 00:
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emains private. When configuring th
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} } peer-as 65500; neighbor 10.0.1.
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The VPN2 routing table also knows n
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Just to make sure that prefixes are
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Multicast senders and receivers are
Page 603 and 604:
You administratively configure the
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10.0.21.2/24 RouterB 192.168.12.1 R
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IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 609 and 610:
Again, verify the configured group
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willing to be an RP send RP Announc
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JUNOS routers perform the encapsula
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Now check the RP status on the rout
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Also, make sure that the router’s
Page 619 and 620:
Check to see which RPs the various
Page 621 and 622:
The anycast PIM configuration is qu
Page 623 and 624:
Solution Specify the group address
Page 625 and 626:
The interfaces toward the multicast
Page 627 and 628:
Discussion Flags: sparse Upstream i
Page 629 and 630:
IGMP Query Response Interval: 10.0
Page 631 and 632:
If you are not sure that the domain
Page 633 and 634:
Discussion With PIM-SM, the RP in e
Page 635 and 636:
The full RIB group configuration lo
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} address 192.168.19.1; # ping 224
Page 639 and 640:
Upstream interface: local Upstream
Page 641 and 642:
The first entry is for the source i
Page 643 and 644:
IGMP Last Member Query Interval: 1.
Page 645:
The command in this recipe is a sim
Page 648 and 649:
adjacencies (continued) IGPs and, 1
Page 650 and 651:
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) (cont
Page 652 and 653:
configure command (continued) exclu
Page 654 and 655:
dotted quad notation, 248 down arro
Page 656 and 657:
firewall filters (continued) loggin
Page 658 and 659:
IBGP (internal BGP) (continued) LOC
Page 660 and 661:
IP multicast (continued) limiting g
Page 662 and 663:
Level 1 systems (IS-IS) authenticat
Page 664 and 665:
martian addresses/prefixes (continu
Page 666 and 667:
O Object Identifier (see OID) OID (
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plain-text passwords (continued) JU
Page 670 and 671:
RFC (Request for Comment) on BGP, 4
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outing tables (continued) checking
Page 674 and 675:
set route-filter command, 296 set r
Page 676 and 677:
show ospf interface command, 386, 3
Page 678 and 679:
ssh command, 3, 89 SSM (Source-Spec
Page 680 and 681:
tracing (trace logging) (continued)
Page 683:
About the Author Aviva Garrett has
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