Protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human ... - CCME

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Part B, Section 7 7.5.3.3 Weight of Evidence Method Minimum Data Requirements For commercial and industrial land use, the ECL shall be derived based on a weight of evidence method similar to that outlined in Section 7.5.2 and using the same "effects" data set. The same minimum data requirements and cautionary notes also apply here. However, an additional requirement is placed on LOECs in this method. The aim of this derivation method is to produce guidelines in the low effects range. Because multi-species LOEC data for soil toxicity often overlap multi-species NOEC data, LOEC data must be biologically and not simply statistically significant to be of use in this method. If possible, LOECs should be transformed to EC x values for this method to ensure that LOEC data are truly "effects" data and not simply concentrations statistically different from controls. Derivation Procedure The ECL is calculated using the 25th percentile of the "effects" data distribution only. At this percentile, called the effects range low (ERL), it is expected that some effects will be incurred by soil-dependent biota, but not at the level of median lethality in the population(s). The type of effects that may occur range from effects on growth and reproduction up to low level mortality in populations of soil-dependent biota. No uncertainty factors are applied in this method, since it is not desirable to achieve lower estimates of the ECL using uncertainty factors. The relation between the ECL and the range of effects data for cadmium is shown in Figure 11. The ECL is calculated according to the following equation: ECL = ERL where ECL = effects concentration low (mg/kg) ERL = effects range low (25th percentile of effects data distribution) (mg/kg) If more than one effects data point is available for the same species for the same endpoint, a geometric mean is calculated for that species. The ECL should now be compared with the microbial value to determine the SQC SG for commercial and industrial land use (See Appendix A). 7.5.3.4 Lowest Observed Effect Concentration Method. When the minimum data requirements for the weight of evidence method cannot be met, the ECL is derived using the geometric mean of the available lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) data. As in the weight of evidence method, LOECs must be biologically significant and quantifiable. In this method, the ECL is estimated to be somewhere in the range of low level observable effects. The type of effects that may occur range from effects on growth and reproduction, up to low level mortality in populations of soil-dependent biota. 62
Part B, Section 7 Where the ECL lies in relation to the range of effects data for cadmium is shown in Figure 11. The ECL is calculated according to the following equation: ECL = (LOEC 1 × LOEC 2 × ... × LOEC n ) 1/n where ECL = effects concentration low (mg/kg) LOEC = lowest observed effect concentration (mg/kg) n = the number of available LOECs A minimum of three studies reporting LOEC endpoints must be considered, and data must include values for at least one terrestrial plant and one soil invertebrate study. Given that the LOEC method produces a mean value, subject to data variation inherent in multi-species toxicity data, it may be appropriate to apply a limited uncertainty factor in view of the range of species sensitivities, and the level of protection sought for these two land uses. In the case where an uncertainty factor is deemed appropriate, a value between one and five should be used. The ECL should now be compared with the microbial value to determine the SQC SG for commercial and industrial land use (See Appendix A). No median effects method is recommended for guidelines derivation for commercial and industrial land use. Because uncertainty factors are not applied at the point of departure from the effects distribution, the ECL would therefore be estimated at a level of median effects, which is contrary to the level of protection desired at the level of the ECL. 7.5.3.5 Insufficient Data for Soil Contact Guidelines Derivation. If minimum data requirements for the LOEC method cannot be met, no soil contact guideline shall be set for commercial and industrial land use. Data gaps will be identified for further research. 7.6 Derivation of Soil Quality Guidelines for Soil and Food Ingestion The procedure for deriving soil quality guidelines for ingestion of soil and food (SQG I ) by grazing livestock and wildlife on agricultural lands is described in this section. Current knowledge of effects to terrestrial receptors from the ingestion of contaminated soil and food is best understood, with some exceptions (e.g. some insectivores), for herbivores (livestock and wildlife) grazing on agricultural lands and is considered to be the most significant route of contaminant exposure to these receptors (Thorton and Abrahams, 1983; Fries, 1987; Paustenbach, 1989). This procedure also accounts for the consumption of contaminated forage via the accumulation of contaminants in the food chain. Because this procedure is limited to a herbivore food chain, chemicals that bioaccumulate in the tissues of plants and that can be transferred in the food chain are of primary importance. In view of the data requirements and model parameters used to estimate generic guidelines for soil and food ingestion, it is only possible to derive ingestion guidelines where data are sufficient to keep model 63
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A Protocol for the Derivation of En
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Readers' Comments The Canadian Coun
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Overview In response to growing pub
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mechanisms for migration of soil co
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procédures d'élaboration des reco
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• être absorbés par les plantes
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PART B Section 1 Derivation of Envi
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Section 2 Investigation of Contamin
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PART D Section 1 Derivation of the
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List of Figures 1 National Framewor
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Acknowledgements The CCME Subcommit
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Document Organization This document
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Bioaccumulation: The process by whi
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Denitrification: The gaseous loss o
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GGG Guidelines: Generic numerical l
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Mutagenicity: The ability of a chem
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xxxiv human exposure. Risk estimati
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Soil: Normally defined as the uncon
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VVV Volatilization: The chemical pr
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Section 1 The National Contaminated
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Part A, Section 1 6
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Part A, Section 1 1.2.2.2 Remediati
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Part A, Section 1 of, and establish
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Part A, Section 2 Section 2 Nationa
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Page 55 and 56: Part A, Section 2 17
Page 57 and 58: Part A, Section 2 Industrial: where
Page 59 and 60: • the sensitivity of the test con
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Page 64 and 65: Section 2 Level of Ecological Prote
Page 66 and 67: Part B, Section 2 2.3 Endpoint Defi
Page 68 and 69: Part B, Section 2 There is consiste
Page 70 and 71: Part B, Section 4 Section 4 Potenti
Page 72: Part B, Section 4 Figure 4 Simplifi
Page 75 and 76: Figure 5 Key Receptors and Exposure
Page 77 and 78: Part B, Section 5 grazing herbivore
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Page 82 and 83: Part B, Section 5 5.4 Industrial La
Page 84 and 85: Section 6 Uncertainty in Guidelines
Page 86 and 87: Section 7 Guidelines Derivation Pro
Page 88 and 89: Part B, Section 7 (SQG SG = soil qu
Page 90 and 91: Part B, Section 7 a soil quality gu
Page 92 and 93: Where: NPER = no to Potential Effec
Page 94 and 95: Part B, Section 7 7.5.2.1 Using Mic
Page 96 and 97: Part B, Section 7 data, the Median
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Page 100 and 101: Where: ERL = Effects Range Low, ECL
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Page 112 and 113: Part B, Section 7 Therefore, BCF =
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Page 117 and 118: Section 8 Derivation of the Final E
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Page 121 and 122: Part C, Section 1 various sites acr
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Page 129 and 130: Part C, Section 2 Environmental con
Page 131 and 132: Part C, Section 2 extent, the steep
Page 133 and 134: Section 3 Exposure to Contaminants
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Page 139 and 140: Part C, Section 4 within limits, th
Page 141 and 142: Part C, Section 4 Figure 19 Concept
Page 143 and 144: Part C, Section 4 4.2 Absorption of
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Part C, Section 5 these data are av
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Part C, Section 5 GEOCHEM (Mattigod
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Part C, Section 5 • K oc (sorptio
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Part C, Section 5 5.3.3 Evaluation
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Part C, Section 5 parameters, and s
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Section 6 Derivation of the Final H
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Part D, Section 1 101
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does not apply to the commercial or
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Part D, Section 1 105
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References Aldenberg, T., and W. Sl
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References -dwelling Organisms", Ab
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References 112
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References Hill, E.F., and D.J. Hof
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References Paustenbach, D.J., (1989
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References Summers, J.K., H.T. Wils
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Appendix A Appendix A Nutrient and
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Appendix A Figure A.1 Simplified Te
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Appendix A 4.1 Agricultural and Res
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Appendix A References Bååth, E.,
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The Subcommittee considers that exp
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Appendix B P l P r BW = percent pro
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Appendix B Substituting equation 5
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Appendix B Where no MRL exists, the
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Appendix B Then, the remainder (T R
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Appendix B For carcinogens, total i
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Appendix C Rearranging [2] and subs
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Appendix C References Chiou, C.T.,
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Appendix D uncontaminated organic m
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Appendix D R = recharge, m/yr A = a
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Appendix D 2.3.3 Hydraulic Gradient
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Appendix D 2.3.5 Site Length The le
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Appendix D Table D.2 Lower Quantile
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Figure D.2 Conceptual Model of Dilu
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Appendix D Figure D.3 Recharge Esti
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Appendix D 159
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Smith, A.E., P.B. Ryan, and J.S. Ev
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Appendix E C K L V is the climate f
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Appendix E contaminant concentratio
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Appendix F Appendix F Multi-media E
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Appendix F example, fish BCFs are t
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Appendix G 2.2 Contaminant Vapour T
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Appendix G Table G.1 Equations Used
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Appendix G at the outset that, rath
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Appendix G 4.4 Application of the R
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Average outdoor summer temperature
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Appendix G References Alberta Envir
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