Protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human ... - CCME

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Section 5 Exposure Pathways and Key Receptors According to Land Use and Data Availability Land use, by definition, implies a human measure of a portion of the earth's surface to sustain some human activity, not necessarily an ecological one. However, the maintenance of primary ecological functions is usually required for most land use activities (except some commercial and industrial processes). The decision to derive environmental soil quality guidelines according to selected human land uses within the NCSRP in no way subordinates the protection of ecological values to human values. The following sections describe the receptor and exposure scenarios for agricultural, residential/parkland, commercial, and industrial land use. 5.1 Agricultural Land Use In general, the primary activities associated with agricultural land use include the ability to grow crops and raise livestock. Although agricultural land use varies, the development of soil quality guidelines must protect key receptors that permit or maintain crop growth and livestock production against adverse effects. (Note: guidelines selection may include organisms that are subject to pesticide control.) Protection must also be offered to resident and transitory wildlife and native flora because, in some areas (e.g., agroecosystems), this may be the only viable habitat for these organisms. A generic exposure scenario considered for the derivation of soil quality guidelines for agricultural land use is provided in Figure 5. 5.1.1 Growth of Crops and Plants To ensure crop production at agricultural sites, it is essential to maintain soil-dependent biota whose ecological function sustains crop and plant growth. Contact of crops and native plants directly with contaminated soil must also be considered in guidelines development (Figure 5). Sufficient toxicological information exists to consider dermal soil contact by microbes (and their effect on nutrient cycling), soil invertebrates (e.g., decomposers), and crops and plants (e.g., seeds and roots) for guidelines derivation for the protection of crop and plant growth. Currently, there is not enough information to incorporate dermal absorption and translocation of contaminants by crops and plants via aerial deposition into guidelines derivation, but this pathway should be examined where information is available. Root uptake and accumulation of contaminants by crops grown on-site and used as feed, or native flora used as pasture, must also be examined when they relate to livestock and wildlife ingestion scenarios (Figure 5). 5.1.2 Maintenance of Livestock and Wildlife To ensure adequate soil quality for the maintenance of grazing and feedlot livestock, potential adverse effects from the incidental ingestion of contaminated soil and ingestion of contaminated food must be considered for guidelines derivation. These pathways of exposure are the most significant source of contaminant uptake by livestock (Thorton and Abrahams, 1983, Fries, 1987, Paustenbach, 1989). Sufficient toxicological information exists to consider 32
Figure 5 Key Receptors and Exposure Pathways of Contaminated Soil Considered for Agricultural Land Use 33
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A Protocol for the Derivation of En
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Readers' Comments The Canadian Coun
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Overview In response to growing pub
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mechanisms for migration of soil co
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procédures d'élaboration des reco
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• être absorbés par les plantes
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PART B Section 1 Derivation of Envi
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Section 2 Investigation of Contamin
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PART D Section 1 Derivation of the
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List of Figures 1 National Framewor
Page 22 and 23: Acknowledgements The CCME Subcommit
Page 24 and 25: Document Organization This document
Page 26 and 27: Bioaccumulation: The process by whi
Page 28 and 29: Denitrification: The gaseous loss o
Page 30 and 31: GGG Guidelines: Generic numerical l
Page 32 and 33: Mutagenicity: The ability of a chem
Page 34 and 35: xxxiv human exposure. Risk estimati
Page 36 and 37: Soil: Normally defined as the uncon
Page 38 and 39: VVV Volatilization: The chemical pr
Page 41 and 42: Section 1 The National Contaminated
Page 44 and 45: Part A, Section 1 6
Page 46 and 47: Part A, Section 1 1.2.2.2 Remediati
Page 48 and 49: Part A, Section 1 of, and establish
Page 50 and 51: Part A, Section 2 Section 2 Nationa
Page 53 and 54: Part A, Section 2 2.2 Limitations o
Page 55 and 56: Part A, Section 2 17
Page 57 and 58: Part A, Section 2 Industrial: where
Page 59 and 60: • the sensitivity of the test con
Page 61: Part A, Section 3 23
Page 64 and 65: Section 2 Level of Ecological Prote
Page 66 and 67: Part B, Section 2 2.3 Endpoint Defi
Page 68 and 69: Part B, Section 2 There is consiste
Page 70 and 71: Part B, Section 4 Section 4 Potenti
Page 72: Part B, Section 4 Figure 4 Simplifi
Page 77 and 78: Part B, Section 5 grazing herbivore
Page 80 and 81: Part B, Section 5 5.2.2 Maintenance
Page 82 and 83: Part B, Section 5 5.4 Industrial La
Page 84 and 85: Section 6 Uncertainty in Guidelines
Page 86 and 87: Section 7 Guidelines Derivation Pro
Page 88 and 89: Part B, Section 7 (SQG SG = soil qu
Page 90 and 91: Part B, Section 7 a soil quality gu
Page 92 and 93: Where: NPER = no to Potential Effec
Page 94 and 95: Part B, Section 7 7.5.2.1 Using Mic
Page 96 and 97: Part B, Section 7 data, the Median
Page 98 and 99: Part B, Section 7 EC 50 LC 50 UF =
Page 100 and 101: Where: ERL = Effects Range Low, ECL
Page 102: Part B, Section 7 Where: EC 50 = Me
Page 105 and 106: Part B, Section 7 Where the ECL lie
Page 107 and 108: Part B, Section 7 4. Fewer than thr
Page 110 and 111: Part B, Section 7 An uncertainty fa
Page 112 and 113: Part B, Section 7 Therefore, BCF =
Page 114 and 115: Part B, Section 7 ingestion (SQG I
Page 117 and 118: Section 8 Derivation of the Final E
Page 119 and 120: Part C, Section 1 65
Page 121 and 122: Part C, Section 1 various sites acr
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Part C, Section 1 Geographical unce
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preferred for the assessment, but s
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Part C, Section 2 73
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Part C, Section 2 Environmental con
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Part C, Section 2 extent, the steep
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Section 3 Exposure to Contaminants
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Part C, Section 3 81
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Part C, Section 4 Section 4 Exposur
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Part C, Section 4 within limits, th
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Part C, Section 4 Figure 19 Concept
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Part C, Section 4 4.2 Absorption of
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Part C, Section 4 In the case of no
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Residential/Parkland Land Use Sensi
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Part C, Section 4 Commercial Land U
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Part C, Section 4 Industrial Land U
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Part C, Section 5 these data are av
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Part C, Section 5 GEOCHEM (Mattigod
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Part C, Section 5 • K oc (sorptio
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Part C, Section 5 5.3.3 Evaluation
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Part C, Section 5 parameters, and s
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Section 6 Derivation of the Final H
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Part D, Section 1 101
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does not apply to the commercial or
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Part D, Section 1 105
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References Aldenberg, T., and W. Sl
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References -dwelling Organisms", Ab
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References 112
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References Hill, E.F., and D.J. Hof
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References Paustenbach, D.J., (1989
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References Summers, J.K., H.T. Wils
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Appendix A Appendix A Nutrient and
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Appendix A Figure A.1 Simplified Te
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Appendix A 4.1 Agricultural and Res
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Appendix A References Bååth, E.,
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The Subcommittee considers that exp
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Appendix B P l P r BW = percent pro
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Appendix B Substituting equation 5
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Appendix B Where no MRL exists, the
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Appendix B Then, the remainder (T R
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Appendix B For carcinogens, total i
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Appendix C Rearranging [2] and subs
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Appendix C References Chiou, C.T.,
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Appendix D uncontaminated organic m
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Appendix D R = recharge, m/yr A = a
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Appendix D 2.3.3 Hydraulic Gradient
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Appendix D 2.3.5 Site Length The le
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Appendix D Table D.2 Lower Quantile
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Figure D.2 Conceptual Model of Dilu
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Appendix D Figure D.3 Recharge Esti
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Appendix D 159
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Smith, A.E., P.B. Ryan, and J.S. Ev
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Appendix E C K L V is the climate f
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Appendix E contaminant concentratio
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Appendix F Appendix F Multi-media E
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Appendix F example, fish BCFs are t
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Appendix G 2.2 Contaminant Vapour T
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Appendix G Table G.1 Equations Used
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Appendix G at the outset that, rath
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Appendix G 4.4 Application of the R
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Average outdoor summer temperature
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Appendix G References Alberta Envir
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