Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a PCM-Supported ...

List of Figures
Figure 1.1: Cost breakdown of desalinated water 2
Figure 1.2: Overview and energy classification of desalination processes 3
Figure 1.3: Flow scheme of energy, water, and money 4
Figure 1.4: Feasible couplings between renewable energy and desalination 7
technologies
Figure 1.5: Basin type solar still 10
Figure 1.6: Schematic diagram of a HDH desalination cycle 11
Figure 2.1: Phase change behavior of solid-liquid latent heat storage systems; 16
(a) melting at a sharp point, (b) melting over a temperature range
Figure 2.2: Classification of energy storage materials 19
Figure 2.3: Energy released versus time for different geometries 26
Figure 2.4: Schematic of the solar-driven HDH process without thermal 30
storage
Figure 2.5: Finite element at the liquid-air interface in direct contact heat and 31
mass exchangers
Figure 2.6: Effect of the feed seawater flow-rate on inlet hot water
34
temperature and GOR
Figure 2.7: Effect of the seawater flow-rate on the collector area and air mass 35
flow rate under constant specific heat input per unit mass of seawater
Figure 2.8: Effect of the feed seawater flow-rate on the air to water mass flow 36
rate ratio and humidifier size factor (NTU)
Figure 2.9: Effect of the feed water flow-rate on the daily production of the 37
HDH desalination unit
Figure 2.10: Variation of distillate flow rate as a function of the water flow rate: 38
(a) air flow rate, (b) cooling water temperature, (c) hot water temperature
Figure 2.11: Schematic of HDD system by Abdel-Monem 41
Figure 2.12: Representation of multi effect of heating and humidification by 42
Chafik on the psychometric chart
Figure 2.13: Multi effect of heating and humidification of the HDH
43
desalination unit by Chafik
Figure 2.14: Specific water cost produced by the solar HDH desalination unit 43
by Chafik
Figure 2.15: Height versus s air temperature for EnviPac 45
Figure 2.16: Height vs Vapor Production for EnviPac filling 45
Figure 2.17: A schematic direct contact spray condensers 48
Figure 2.18: Schematics of the radiative cooled solar still 50
Figure 2.19: Schematic illustration of hybrid latent heat storage and spray 53
flash evaporation system
Figure 3.1: Schematic layout of the PCM-Supported HDH desalination unit 56
(AquaTube)
Figure 3.2: Illustration of local heat and mass transfer flow between different 58
components in the evaporator; (a) one packing element, (b) finite element
viii