- Page 1:
Technische Universität München In
- Page 4 and 5:
It is my pleasure to thank Prof. Th
- Page 6 and 7:
Contents List of figures ..........
- Page 8 and 9:
5.3 Functional description ........
- Page 10 and 11:
List of Figures Figure 1.1: Cost br
- Page 12 and 13:
78cm; Top: Evaporator, Bottom: Cond
- Page 14 and 15:
xii
- Page 16 and 17:
m Mass flow rate; [kg.s -1 ] m eva
- Page 18 and 19:
ed c coll cond cw d d e or eff evap
- Page 20 and 21:
1 Introduction The first part of th
- Page 22 and 23:
summarized in figure (1.2). Thermal
- Page 24 and 25:
1.3.2 Selection criteria of desalin
- Page 26 and 27:
of energy storage or hybridization
- Page 28 and 29:
Desalination development focuses on
- Page 30 and 31:
Introduction of the indirect type s
- Page 32 and 33:
2 Literature Survey 2.1 Introductio
- Page 34 and 35:
There is actually a commercial prod
- Page 36 and 37:
Q m H c ( T T1) c ( T 2 T ) (2.2)
- Page 38 and 39:
(solid-liquid) have a storage densi
- Page 40 and 41:
(iii) a sharp melting temperature.
- Page 42 and 43:
melt and freeze without segregation
- Page 44 and 45:
However, the stored heat is less va
- Page 46 and 47:
parameters on the heat transfer and
- Page 48 and 49:
categories. The first category is b
- Page 50 and 51:
to 550 kWh/m 3 of distilled water a
- Page 52 and 53:
The enthalpy and humidity of the sa
- Page 54 and 55:
Air mass flow rate [kg/h] GOR [-] 1
- Page 56 and 57:
On the other hand, the efficiency o
- Page 58 and 59:
2.8.4.2 Effect of air to water mass
- Page 60 and 61:
distillate rate. The system was not
- Page 62 and 63:
were; EnviPac Gr.1, 32 mm, and VFF
- Page 64 and 65:
Figure 2.15: Height versus air temp
- Page 66 and 67:
The performance of the condenser is
- Page 68 and 69:
Klausner and Mei [136] described a
- Page 70 and 71:
The impact of the collector cost ca
- Page 72 and 73:
exchanger and energy storage in one
- Page 74 and 75:
3 Scope of the Study This chapter p
- Page 76 and 77:
packing where it gets in direct con
- Page 78 and 79:
In fact there is a tradeoff between
- Page 80 and 81:
The energy flow between all and eac
- Page 82 and 83:
4 Theoretical Analysis and Modeling
- Page 84 and 85:
The two-energy equation models whic
- Page 86 and 87:
solid-liquid phase change inside th
- Page 88 and 89: assumed by conduction in both axial
- Page 90 and 91: the air pressure drop ∆P per unit
- Page 92 and 93: evaporation rate per unit volume of
- Page 94 and 95: where β t , β c , ρ ref , c ref
- Page 96 and 97: the viscous transport and introduce
- Page 98 and 99: liquid and solid phases, respective
- Page 100 and 101: 4.2.3.3 Liquid and gas hold-ups Liq
- Page 102 and 103: Several models and approaches for m
- Page 104 and 105: where G=ρU d /ε g is the pore mas
- Page 106 and 107: k k eff s 1 3 2 (4.55) This cor
- Page 108 and 109: uncertainties associated with the f
- Page 110 and 111: 1 2 (4.62) d1 capp c2 c1 c2 1
- Page 112 and 113: [58] evaluated the cooling tower ai
- Page 114 and 115: 1 exp NTU 1 C r, cond cond (4
- Page 116 and 117: A HE QHE U T HE LM (4.81) Where Q
- Page 118 and 119: c M f b (4.86) M b S S f where r
- Page 120 and 121: that form the study logical foundat
- Page 122 and 123: 5 Experimental Analysis This chapte
- Page 124 and 125: 5.2 Measuring Techniques K-type the
- Page 126 and 127: The product condensed water was mea
- Page 128 and 129: operating limits. In light of the l
- Page 130 and 131: In the last two cases, the inlet ho
- Page 132 and 133: performance and its threshold value
- Page 134 and 135: It could be interpreted that this p
- Page 136 and 137: Evaporator Condenser Figure 5.8: Av
- Page 140 and 141: The last two cases of boundary cond
- Page 142 and 143: natural air flow in the system. In
- Page 144 and 145: 6 Model Implementation and Validati
- Page 146 and 147: x t u x u 0 0 , (6.5) and for a s
- Page 148 and 149: Next time step validation were the
- Page 150 and 151: The evaporator and condenser both w
- Page 152 and 153: Figure 6.2: Evolution of inlet and
- Page 154 and 155: Figure 6.4: Evolution of inlet and
- Page 156 and 157: temperature is at its maximum level
- Page 158 and 159: Bottom Top Figure 6.7: Evolution of
- Page 160 and 161: 7 Parameters Analysis of the Evapor
- Page 162 and 163: Figure 7.1: Effect of packing size
- Page 164 and 165: e 0.45 kPa under natural convection
- Page 166 and 167: aspect ratio under constant bed vol
- Page 168 and 169: Figure 7.7: Effect of inlet hot wat
- Page 170 and 171: well as the time required to reach
- Page 172 and 173: Figure 7.10: Effect of packing medi
- Page 174 and 175: 40°C respectively. This gives flex
- Page 176 and 177: the condensate rate, productivity f
- Page 178 and 179: esult, rather than PCM media which
- Page 180 and 181: Figure 7.18: Effect of PCM thermal
- Page 182 and 183: 8 Optimization of HDH plant In this
- Page 184 and 185: The MATLAB model describes how the
- Page 186 and 187: less steep than that of the distill
- Page 188 and 189:
8.3.4 Effect of hot water flow rate
- Page 190 and 191:
storage materials and thus it can h
- Page 192 and 193:
for latent heat storage would be ob
- Page 194 and 195:
When T m becomes sufficiently highe
- Page 196 and 197:
9 Summary and conclusions 9.1 Summa
- Page 198 and 199:
productivities at any cooling water
- Page 200 and 201:
[13] Vafai K., Sozen M. An investig
- Page 202 and 203:
[48] Crone S., Bergins C., and Stra
- Page 204 and 205:
[79] Tiwari G.N. and Yadav Y.P. (78
- Page 206 and 207:
[109] Mehling H., Hiebler S. and Zi
- Page 208 and 209:
[139] Belessiotis V, Delyannis E (2
- Page 210 and 211:
Appendices Appendix A A1. PCM Therm
- Page 212 and 213:
A3. Constants and Thermo-physical p
- Page 214 and 215:
From the above correlation, the con
- Page 216 and 217:
The Ergun analogy factor J h repres
- Page 218 and 219:
Equation (C.7) represents an overal
- Page 220 and 221:
Appendix D D1. Cooling tower theory
- Page 222 and 223:
A m w = the plan or cross sectiona