(GP/GT) for Additional Water Supply in the Lower Rio Grande

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,,,,-,';8 .. - .. ~ Pretreatment Product .. - Brine Makeup '" & Membrane Sucks - Pr~ uct ~ WI tet' .. BriM Dischat-pr Source: Southwest R_ch °looitute Brine Recycle () ...... ...... ...... I
m-6 A2: THE REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS The oldest of the membrane-related processes is the Reverse Osmosis (RO) Process, the earliest installations of which date back to before 1950, no matter that these early units were strictly laboratorysized and often were more trouble than they were worth. Shipboard-sized units, capable of desalting up to 15,000 gallons per day of seawater, appeared on vessels in the early Sixties. It was not until 1966 that commercial-sized units, capable of desalting up to 100,000 GPO, were installed in municipal use, one of these early types being installed in the City of Plains, Texas, in 1967. The RO Process relies on a natural phenomenon: Osmosis, involving fluid flow across a membrane called "semipermeable". The term arises from the fact that certain components of a solution, usually the solvent, can pass through such a membrane while others, usually dissolved solids, cannot. The direction of solvent flow is determined by its chemical potential which is a function of pressure, temperature and the concentration of the dissolved solids. Thus, if pure water is on both sides of a semipermeable membrane at equal pressure and temperature, no net flow can be realized inasmuch as the chemical potential is equal on both sides. If a soluble salt is now added to one side of the membrane, the potential on that side is reduced, causing flow to occur from the pure water side to the salt water side, thus diluting the concentration of salt in the water on that side. If a reversal of this flow is desired, the pressure on the salt water side is increased and now the flow occurs from the salt side to the pure side. This reversal mechanism gives the process its name and accomplishes the desalting of the feedwater without a change of phase (i.e. the water is not required to be converted into steam prior to its desalination). As can now be perceived, the design of the membrane, its chemical composition and its physical characteristics (e.g. pore size, etc.) must be carefully balanced for the intended job. Most desalinationplant RO membranes are designed for the flow of water across them. It must be realized that since this is a specific design balance predicated on the passage of water, dissolved compounds which are chemically similar to water will also pass readily through the membrane, since they will interact with the membrane in a similar manner. If the composition of the feedwater is such that these compounds are present in excessive quantities, then pre-treattnent of the feedwater becomes a must. It is for this reason that detailed analyses of the feedwater are required, including tests for biological compounds that would affect the TOC, BOD, COD, etc., as well as tests for colloidal matter that may entrain such compounds. As to the rest of the features of an RO Process unit, they are quite similar to the EDR unit, in that feedwater needs to be pre-treated, brine discharge is recycled for greater efficiency, temperature and pressure are carefully controlled (albeit pressures in an RO Process are altogether higher than those in an EDR Process unit) and the ease of operation is sensitive to the salinity of the feedwater. Today's RO units can handle salinities up to those found in seawater (35,000 ppm IDS), although their best performance is usually realized when salinities are no greater than some 15,000 ppm IDS. Part of this constraint arises from the fact that, after a period of continuous operation, the membranes suffer from "concentration polarization", a phenomenon in which the salt concentration on the face of the membrane exposed to the feedwater side is greater than that in the feedwater itself. This then requires periodic flushing and dilution procedures that can raise overall operating costs significantly, especially in those cases where membranes are required to maintain high water flows per unit area. Recent advances in
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KLEBER J. DENNY, INC. 312 Grandview
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KLEBER J. DENNY, INC. 312 Grandview
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FINAL REPORT ON TEXAS WATER DEVELOP
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REPORT ON TASK NO. I: CO-LOCATION S
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1-2 1. GP/GT Fairways Information p
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o s:: 011= m ,; .. f ; iI '& ri i'
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Table S Selected Formation Water An
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average depth of 10,033 feet, avera
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high, the sands are not thick enoug
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included distributary channel or de
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the eastern part of the study area,
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to coastal barrier sandstone on the
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within Reservoir Area B, the sand a
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Papadopulos, S. S., 1975, The Energ
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FLUID PROPERTIES Gas Gas Water Sol'
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only reason for selecting that limi
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Hidalgo Co. , , , ,, , ,, , ,,, , ,
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§ 8 10,116' ;;;- - ... : 10,695' F
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-r- ~~ '1- • r- ~~ .... . ~ 0 0 0
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MARK SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
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BOND SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
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EAST SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
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MARK SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
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BOND SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
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EAST SAND (MAXIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
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MARK SAND (MINIMUM) 1 5 Year Cumula
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BOND SAND (MINIMUM) 1 5 Year Cumula
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EAST SAND (MINIMUM) 1 5 Year Cumula
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jpH~j·:/·3,000 mgi1 TOS Sli,;,lly
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average depth of 10,033 feet, avera
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high, the sands are not thick enoug
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included distributary channel or de
Page 66 and 67: the eastern part of the study area,
Page 68 and 69: to coastal barrier sandstone on the
Page 70 and 71: Within Reservoir Area B, the sand a
Page 72 and 73: Papadopulos, S. S., 1975, The Energ
Page 74 and 75: FLUID PROPERTIES Gas Gas Water Sol'
Page 76 and 77: only reason for selecting that limi
Page 78 and 79: Matrix of Locations!') and Descript
Page 80 and 81: • , l L , ,, , ,, , , ,, ,, , ,,
Page 82 and 83: "i 8 10,116' II =1 -- ~ ~ -- iii: 1
Page 84 and 85: -I- 0; 0 0 .f: 0 -. - . '-I- - . r-
Page 86 and 87: MARK SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
Page 88 and 89: BOND SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
Page 90 and 91: EAST SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
Page 92 and 93: MARK SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
Page 94 and 95: BOND SAND (MINIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
Page 96 and 97: EAST SAND (MAXIMUM) Geo2 Fluid Prod
Page 98 and 99: MARK SAND (MINIMUM) 1 5 Year Cumula
Page 100 and 101: BOND SAND (MINIMUM) 1 5 Year Cumula
Page 102 and 103: .,,'" - •• 0. _. ___ _ EAST SAN
Page 104 and 105: STARR COUNTY I -i'J- ~ 10 b .......
Page 106 and 107: Net Sand Depth Thickness Sand Sand
Page 108 and 109: TABLE 5 TEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT BOA
Page 110 and 111: ill-2 This process review is especi
Page 112 and 113: m-4 There are some built-in limitat
Page 114 and 115: ill-7 It is not surprising, therefo
Page 118 and 119: lli-9 Comparative Assumed Input Inr
Page 120 and 121: PRO-FORMA CALCULATIONS FOR REVERSE
Page 122 and 123: STEAM VENT EJECTOR • PRESSURE RED
Page 124 and 125: STEAM VENT EJECTOR I :> :>:> LfTl:>
Page 126 and 127: ID-16 a) The separate seawater inta
Page 128 and 129: 1lI-18 Data for the injection flow
Page 130 and 131: lli-20 (8) Thermal content of fluid
Page 132 and 133: ill-22 The primary environmental co
Page 134 and 135: ill-24 III. B-2 BRINE DISPOSAL VIA
Page 136 and 137: 1lI-26 to 10 centipoise if it is he
Page 138 and 139: 1II-28 1lI.B-S&6 BYPRODUCT SALTS RE
Page 140 and 141: II I-3~ BRINES mOlAl( DlCAtlYDlAI!
Page 142 and 143: 1II-32 2. Generally speaking, the s
Page 144 and 145: III-34 1. Group 1 through Group 4 w
Page 146 and 147: 1II-36 Based on this comparative da
Page 148 and 149: In-38 Section UlD - Pro-Forma Econo
Page 150 and 151: II I -40 Exhibit InD-2 Assumed Inpu
Page 152 and 153: 111-42 EXHIBIT llID-4 PRO-FORMA CAL
Page 154 and 155: Appendices
Page 156 and 157: Appendix A Preliminary Estimates of
Page 158 and 159: APPENDIX B
Page 160 and 161: -------- ThIs Underground Injection
Page 162 and 163: Federal Requirements - -"-J;' ... -
Page 164 and 165: Chapter II Summary of Injection Con
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.. ' a surface owner b. offset oper
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I. Special "Down Hole" Swvcys speci
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FLOWCHART: INJECTION/DISPOSAL WELL
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the applicant can show. by computat
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Criteria lor Determining the Adequa
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.I MODULAR POWER PLANTS FOR GEOPRES
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FIGURE 2 BINARY POWER MODULE··: .
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TABLE 1 GEOPRESSURED PLANT APPROXIM
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EGG-EP-8839 September 1991 Idaho Na
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EGG-EP-9839 Distribution Category:
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT Work supported by th
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APPENDIX A--SEATTLE TIMES EDITORIAL
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THE FEASIBILITY OF APPLYING GEOPRES
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University, January 10, 1990 with 6
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OF 35 50 100 150 200 250 300 I I I
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Desalination Plant Supply Well \ er
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for an extensive chicken hatching/r
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THE GEOPRESSURED RESOURCE Geopressu
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Production Co. has leased 4000 acre
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p' , ~"\ ,0 .~~ ~~ 'i ~ __ =:-~ 'l.
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Desalination Desalination is a prov
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--- r/< N N EIII ... IK:ltI' 011 ,,
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Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin V
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Gas Use and Sales Gas contained in
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Sulfur Fraschtng Sulfur can be reco
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Coal Desulfurization and Preparatio
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films. Today, nearly half of the br
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Waste gases Chlorinator Chlorine Di
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POTENTIAL AGRICULTURE/AQUACULTURE A
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The University of Southwestern loui
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Snapping turtles are important comp
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ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS This sectio
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economic techniques because cash fl
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Assuming a geopressured well can pr
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Table 3. Agriculture/aquaculture fi
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Circular Tank 90' Diam. 80'F Bypass
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Potable water for agriculture and a
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DESALINATION/AGRICULTURE/AQUACULTUR
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REFERENCES Carlson, R. A., P. H. Po
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APPENDIX A SEATTLE TIMES EDITORIAL
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APPENDIX B HEATING REQUIREMENTS FOR
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temperature and the heat gain curve
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Thermal Refuge Heating Requirements
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APPENDIX C INTEGRATED APPLICATIONS
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ANALYSIS OF WELL: Large Volume. Mod
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ANALYSIS OF WELL: large Volume, Mod
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ANALYSIS OF ~ELL: Large Volume. MOd
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APPENDIX D PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY
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DES/ON • CONS(JI..TlNO • F',..,
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Des/oN • CONS
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Des/ON • CONS(.Jl..rINQ • F,A.S
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RED EWALD,lnc. 10,000 GALLON RACEWA
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",CUND F:;:SH C;LTURE TANKS ~.:::~
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~c:!~ ?:~:~.~ ?.I'n~ -: 1'DS-; mS-!
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* Texas A uaculture Association * A
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-----------------------------------
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RED EWALD. Ute. -- Round Fish Cultu
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PORTABLE MODULAR FISH HATCHERY SYST
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B & J Water- Well Ser-vice 419 East
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APPENDIX F COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE
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BffiLIOGRAPHIC DATA SHEET for repor
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factors, utility costs, cash flow,
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afforded by low electridty rates al
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PRODUCTION LOSSES: With any type of
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deposits. minimum monthly customer
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conservative figure. This rate is u
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Other Capital Equipment YlETAL BUIL
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SECTION 3a. ~OTE 1 :-"-:ET CASH l1'
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TABLE 8·25. ASSl.;;-'1PT!O:\'S FOR
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TABLE B·26. GRED;HOUSE C.u>IT AL C
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.1 ~I ~ · ~ · ~ .. · · ~ ~ " -
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APPENDIX E
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Assumed Efficiency = 0.90 Constant
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EVALUATION OF AUTO DESALINATION As
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A review of the data for the wellhe
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J. McNutt & Associates, Inc. McAlle
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DownHole SAT(tm) SURFACE WATER DEPO
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DownHole SAT(tm) SURFACE WATER CHEM
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DownHole SAT(tm) SURFACE WATER MOME
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en C 0 09'8 -- += "0 c 0 U "0 X (])
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(/) c o += x -- (]) D -c 5 c u - D
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Degree of Supersaturation (E-01 ) 0
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(/) c - 0 (]) -- += > D (]) c -.J 0
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(/) c - 0 (]) 09'8 += -- > '"0 (])
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(/) c 0 - 09'8 -- :f= (]) -0 c > (]
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(/) c 0 09'8 -- =t= - C > 0 (]) U -
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C/) c 0 - 09'8 += (]) .- D c (]) >
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en - Cl) > Cl) C ..J o += C "'0 --
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APPENDIX G
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McPJlen Ranch, 7 t :> W:lter Recove
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c ~ (J) 09'8 0 (J) (]J 0 (1) U C2::
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McAJlen Ranch, 75'10 WJter Recovery
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IVlcPJlen I-
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c CJ) CJ) (]) ~ 0 U 0 X w & ~ ~ -m
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J) rJ) (1) u x W 09'8 ~o .. ..c. o
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c ~ 0 09'8 U) 0 U) (]) CJ.) ~ U ~ X
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McAJlen Ranch, 7510 W:1ter Recovery
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c ~ - 09'8 0 (]) 0 > Q) (]) -V ..J
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c ~ o
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c ~ 09"8 0 - (]) 0 > (]) (]) 0::: .
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c ~ 09'8 0 - 0 Cl) (1) > ~ Cl) ~ ..
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c ~ - 09'8 0 C]) 0 > (]) C]) v --1
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c ~ o (]) y - (l.) > (l.) ..J C o .
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00'8 ... .c U c -8 c (l) - ~ 5 - x
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c ~ X 0 Q.) u (}) -0 ""V - C ~ ~ c
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APPENDIX G 4 DEC 1993 TO: MR. KLEBE
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PRELIMINARY EDR/RO COSTS & PERFORMA
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GROUP 1 CONDITIONS 195,000 gpd bypa
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CASE 3 CONDITIONS 214,000 gpd bypas
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BUDGET CAPITAL COST REVIEW ---costs
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0H16D REVIEW OP O~11 COSTS .'.(1) -
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From: CANYON n,DUSTRIES, INC. 206 5
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