12 <strong>Mental</strong> <strong>health</strong> <strong>policy</strong> <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> <strong>practice</strong> people affected by mental <strong>health</strong> problems to be socially included, to move from structures seemingly obsessed with containment to policies focused on lifestyle opportunities. References Atkinson, J.M., Garner, M.C. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Gilmour, W.H (2004) Models of adv<strong>an</strong>ce directives in mental <strong>health</strong> care: stakeholder views, Social Psychiatry <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Psychiatric Epidemiology, 39(8): 673–80. Beautrais, A. (2005) National strategies for the reduction <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> prevention of suicide, Crisis, 26(1): 1–3. Berkels, H., Henderson, J., Henke, N., Kuhn, K., Lavikainen, J., Lehtinen, V., Ozamiz, A., V<strong>an</strong> den Heede, R. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Zenzinger, K. (2004) <strong>Mental</strong> Health Promotion <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Prevention Strategies for Coping with Anxiety, Depression <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Stress Related Disorders in <strong>Europe</strong> (2001–2003). Research report 1001. Bremerhaven: Federal Institute for Occupational Safety <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Health. Bond, G.R. (1998) Principles of individual placement <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> support, Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 22(11): 23. Commission of the <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> Communities (2004) The State of <strong>Mental</strong> Health in the <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> Union. Luxembourg: Commission of the <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> Communities. Corrig<strong>an</strong>, P.W. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Calabrese, J.D. (2005) Strategies for assessing <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> diminishing selfstigma, in P.W. Corrig<strong>an</strong> (ed.) On the Stigma of <strong>Mental</strong> Illness: Practical Strategies for Research <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Social Ch<strong>an</strong>ge. Washington, DC: Americ<strong>an</strong> Psychological Association. Fern<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>ez, J.L., Kendall, J., Davey, V. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Knapp, M. (2006) Direct payments in Engl<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>: factors linked to variations in provision, Journal of Social Policy, 36(1): 1–25. Gabriel, P. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Liimatainen, M.-R. (2000) <strong>Mental</strong> Health in the Workplace. Geneva: International Labour Org<strong>an</strong>ization. Healey, A., Knapp, M. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Farrington, D. (2004) Adult labour market implications of <strong>an</strong>tisocial behaviour in childhood <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> adolescence: findings from a UK longitudinal study, Applied Economics, 36(2): 93–105. Henderson, C., Flood, C., Leese, M., Thornicroft, G., Sutherby, K. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Szmukler, G. (2004) Effect of joint crisis pl<strong>an</strong>s on use of compulsory treatment in psychiatry: single blind r<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>omised controlled trial, British Medical Journal, 329: 136–8. Henderson, G., Henderson, J., Lavikainen, J. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> McDaid, D. (2004) Actions Against Depression: Improving <strong>Mental</strong> Health <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Well Being by Combating the Adverse Health, Social <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Economic Consequences of Depression. Luxembourg: Commission of the <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> Communities, Health <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Consumer Protection Directorate General. Henderson, M., Glozier, N. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Holl<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Elliot, K. (2005) Long term sickness absence, British Medical Journal, 330: 802–3. Hickie, I. (2004) C<strong>an</strong> we reduce the burden of depression? The Australi<strong>an</strong> experience with beyondblue: the national depression initiative, Australi<strong>an</strong> Psychiatry, 12(Suppl): S38–46. J<strong>an</strong>é-Llopis, E. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Anderson, P. (2005) <strong>Mental</strong> Health Promotion <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> <strong>Mental</strong> Disorder Prevention: A Policy for <strong>Europe</strong>. Nijmegen: Radboud University Nijmegen. Jarvisalo, J., Andersson, B., Boedeker, W. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Houtm<strong>an</strong>, I. (eds) (2005) <strong>Mental</strong> Disorders as a Major Challenge in the Prevention of Work Disability: Experiences in Finl<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>, Germ<strong>an</strong>y, the Netherl<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>s <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Sweden. Helsinki: The Social Insur<strong>an</strong>ce Institution, Finl<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>. Jorm, A.F., Christensen, H. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Griffiths, K.M. (2005) The impact of beyondblue: the national depression initiative on the Australi<strong>an</strong> public’s recognition of depression <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> beliefs about treatments, Australi<strong>an</strong> <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> New Zeal<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Journal of Psychiatry, 39(4): 248–54.
An <strong>overview</strong> 13 Kessler, R.C., Demler, O., Fr<strong>an</strong>k, R.G., Olfson, M., Pincus, H.A., Walters, E.E., W<strong>an</strong>g, P., Wells, K.B. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Zaslavsky, A.M. (2005) Prevalence <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> treatment of mental disorders, 1990 to 2003, New Engl<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Journal of Medicine, 352: 2515–23. Knapp, M., Chisholm, D., Astin, J., Lelliott, P. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Audini, B. (1997) The cost consequences of ch<strong>an</strong>ging the hospital-community bal<strong>an</strong>ce: the mental <strong>health</strong> residential care study, Psychological Medicine, 27(3): 681–92. Knapp, M., M<strong>an</strong>galore, R. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Simon, J. (2004) The global costs of schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(2): 279–93. Knapp, M., K<strong>an</strong>avos, P., King, D. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Yesudi<strong>an</strong>, H.M. (2005) Economic issues in access to medications: schizophrenia treatment in Engl<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>, International Journal of Law <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Psychiatry, 28(5): 514–31. Knapp, M., Funk, M., Curr<strong>an</strong>, C., Prince, M., Gibbs, M. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> McDaid, D. (2006) <strong>Mental</strong> <strong>health</strong> in low- <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> middle-income countries: economic barriers to better <strong>practice</strong> <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> <strong>policy</strong>, Health Policy <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Pl<strong>an</strong>ning, 21(3): 157–70. Kohn, R., Saxena, S., Levav, I. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Saraceno, B. (2003) The treatment gap in mental <strong>health</strong> care, Bulletin of the World Health Org<strong>an</strong>ization, 82: 858–66. McDaid, D. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Thornicroft, G. (2005) Bal<strong>an</strong>cing Institutional <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Community Based Care. Policy brief. Copenhagen: WHO on behalf of the <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> Observatory on Health Systems <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Policies. McDaid, D., Curr<strong>an</strong>, C. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Knapp, M. (2005) Promoting mental well-being in the workplace: a <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> <strong>policy</strong> perspective, International Review of Psychiatry, 17(5): 365–73. <strong>Mental</strong> Disability Advocacy Center (2005a) The Right to Vote at Risk in Bulgaria. Budapest: <strong>Mental</strong> Disability Advocacy Center. <strong>Mental</strong> Disability Advocacy Center (2005b) Russia’s Guardi<strong>an</strong>ship System Challenged at the <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> Court of Hum<strong>an</strong> Rights. Budapest: <strong>Mental</strong> Disability Advocacy Center. Pinfold, V., Toulmin, H., Thornicroft, G., Huxley, P., Farmer, P. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Graham, T. (2003) Reducing psychiatric stigma <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> discrimination: evaluation of educational interventions in UK secondary schools, British Journal of Psychiatry, 182: 342–6. Pinfold, V., Thornicroft, G., Huxley, P. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Farmer, P. (2005) Active ingredients in <strong>an</strong>ti-stigma programmes in mental <strong>health</strong>, International Review of Psychiatry, 17(2): 123–31. Priebe, S., Badesconyi, A., Fioritti, A., H<strong>an</strong>sson, L., Kili<strong>an</strong>, R., Torres-Gonzaels, F., Turner, T. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Wiersma, D. (2005) Reinstitutionalization in mental <strong>health</strong> care: comparison of data on service provision from six <strong>Europe</strong><strong>an</strong> countries, British Medical Journal, 330: 123–6. Rooke-Matthews, S. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Lindow, V. (1998) The Experiences of <strong>Mental</strong> Health Service Users as <strong>Mental</strong> Health Professionals. Findings 488. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Scott, S., Knapp, M., Henderson, J. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Maugh<strong>an</strong>, B. (2001) Fin<strong>an</strong>cial cost of social exclusion: follow-up study of <strong>an</strong>tisocial children into adulthood, British Medical Journal, 323: 191–4. Social Exclusion Unit (2004) <strong>Mental</strong> Health <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Social Exclusion. London: Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Sutherby, K., Szmukler, G.I., Halpern, A., Alex<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>er, M., Thornicroft, G., Johnson, C. <strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong> Wright, S. (1999) A study of ‘crisis cards’ in a community psychiatric service, Acta Psychiatrica Sc<strong><strong>an</strong>d</strong>inavica, 100(1): 56–61. Teague, P. (1999) Reshaping employment regimes in <strong>Europe</strong>: <strong>policy</strong> shifts alongside boundary ch<strong>an</strong>ge, Journal of Public Policy, 19(1): 33–62. Thornicroft, G. (2006a) Shunned: Discrimination against People with <strong>Mental</strong> Illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Thornicroft, G. (2006b) Actions Speak Louder: Tackling Discrimination against People with <strong>Mental</strong> Illness. London: <strong>Mental</strong> Health Foundation.
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Financing and funding 91 community
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Financing and funding 93 Available
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Financing and funding 95 Basu, A. (
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Table 5.1 A matrix of evidence Rese
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Identifying needs using epidemiolog
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The evidence base 111 facilitate gl
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The evidence base 117 Europe, and i
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Psychopharmaceuticals in Europe 147
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Psychopharmaceuticals in Europe 149
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Psychopharmaceuticals in Europe 151
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Psychopharmaceuticals in Europe 153
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Table 7.6 Europe by drug type and c
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Table 7.8 Europe by drug type and c
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Table 7.10 Europe by drug type and
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Table 7.12 Europe by drug type and
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Table 7.14 Europe comparative presc
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Table 7.20 Decline in psychiatric i
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Promotion and prevention 189 Mental
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Promotion and prevention 191 Box 8.
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Promotion and prevention 193 risk o
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Promotion and prevention 195 and th
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Promotion and prevention 197 (Üstu
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Promotion and prevention 199 and un
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Promotion and prevention 209 health
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Promotion and prevention 211 Murphy
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Promotion and prevention 213 Vuori,
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chapter nine Common mental health p
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Mental health disorders in primary
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Table 10.1 Mental health care in th
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Reforms in community care 239 syste
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Reforms in community care 241 integ
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Reforms in community care 243 In 19
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Reforms in community care 245 Secon
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Reforms in community care 247 must
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Reforms in community care 249 Goldb
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Addiction and alcohol 251 (Brown et
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Addiction and alcohol 255 Table 11.
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Addiction and alcohol 257 Some stud
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Addiction and alcohol 259 availabil
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Addiction and alcohol 261 Table 11.
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Addiction and alcohol 263 Hours and
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Addiction and alcohol 265 College s
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Addiction and alcohol 267 Figure 11
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Addiction and alcohol 273 Alcohol t
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Addiction and alcohol 279 World Hea
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Housing and employment 281 European
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Housing and employment 283 to a lif
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Housing and employment 285 relative
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Housing and employment 287 comprise
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Housing and employment 297 Table 12
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Housing and employment 299 Return t
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Effectiveness of pre-vocational and
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Housing and employment 303 where re
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Carers and families 375 In this cha
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Carers and families 391 Cohen, C.A.
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Carers and families 393 in long-ter
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Carers and families 395 care in rel
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chapter seventeen Mental health pol
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Box 18.1 Recommendations in The Wor
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The WHO perspective 429 isolation,
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The WHO perspective 431 high when c
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The WHO perspective 433 Key issues
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The WHO perspective 435 Box 18.2 Qu
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The WHO perspective 437 services is
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The WHO perspective 439 Desjarlais,
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Index 443 community care ECHR, 321
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Index 451 policy, 228-9 practice, 2
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Related books from Open University
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PURCHASING TO IMPROVE HEALTH SYSTEM