Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks for Lighting Energy ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference of Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, Los Angeles, CA, 2003, pp. 114-125. [84] R. Jiang and B. Chen, "Fusion of Censored Decisions in Wireless Sensor Networks," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 4, pp. 2668- 2673, 2005. [85] L. A. Zadeh, "Fuzzy Sets," Information and Control, vol. 8, pp. 338-353, 1965. [86] B. Kosko, Fuzzy Engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1997. [87] G. B. Dantzig, Linear Programming and Extenstions, 3rd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1968. [88] R. J. Vanderbei, Linear Programming: Foundations and Extensions, 2nd ed. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001. [89] P. Prajitno and N. Mort, "A Fuzzy Model-based Multi-Sensor Data Fusion System," Proceedings of SPIE on Sensor Fusion: Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications, vol. 4385, pp. 301-312, 2001. [90] M. Abdelrahman, P. Kandasamy, and J. Frolik, " A methodology for the fusion of redundant sensors," in Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Chicago, Illinois, 2000, pp. 2922-2926. [91] J. Harris, An Introduction to Fuzzy Logic Applications. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000. 219
[92] P. S. Khedkar and S. Keshav, "Fuzzy Prediction of Timeseries," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, San Diego, California, 1992, pp. 281-288. [93] A. D. Marbini and L. E. Sacks, "Adaptive Sampling Mechanisms in Sensor Networks," in Proceedings of the London Communications Symposium, London, UK, 2003. [94] A. Jain and E. Y. Chang, "Adaptive Sampling for Sensor Networks," in Proceedings of the First Workshop on Data Management for Sensor Networks (DMSN 2004), Toronto, Canada, 2004, pp. 10-16. [95] C. DiLouie, "Lighting and Productivity: Missing Link Found?," Architectural Lighting Magazine, vol. Sep/Oct, 2003. [Online]. Available: http://www.archlighting.com/industrynews.asp?articleID=453031&sectionID=0. [Accessed: October 1, 2007]. [96] T. Moore, D. J. Carter, and A. Slater, "A Qualitative Study of Occupant Controlled Office Lighting," Lighting Research and Technology, vol. 35, pp. 297-314, 2003. [97] C. O'Rourke, "Dimming Electronic Ballasts," in Specifier Reports, vol. 7: National Lighting Product Information Program, 1999. [98] RADIANCE Synthetic Imaging System. [Computer software]. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 2006. Retrieved March 10, 2008. Available from http://radsite.lbl.gov/radiance/index.html. 220
Page 1 and 2:
Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networ
Page 3 and 4:
Abstract Wireless Sensor and Actuat
Page 5 and 6:
To my wife for having faith in me a
Page 7 and 8:
Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introdu
Page 9 and 10:
6.4.2 Lighting Optimization Algorit
Page 11 and 12:
10.2.1 Theoretical Contributions...
Page 13 and 14:
List of Figures Figure 1-1 Research
Page 15 and 16:
Figure 7-8 Voltage divider. .......
Page 17 and 18:
Figure 9-31 Energy savings vs. payb
Page 19 and 20:
The integration of wireless sensor
Page 21 and 22:
esulting lighting is optimal in the
Page 23 and 24:
acquisition and wireless transmissi
Page 25 and 26:
a central base computer for sensor
Page 27 and 28:
optimal light settings were in turn
Page 29 and 30:
possibility of wireless actuator ne
Page 31 and 32:
Chapter 2 Motivation The motivation
Page 33 and 34:
[21]. Lighting accounts for 30% of
Page 35 and 36:
Table 2-1 summarizes each of the co
Page 37 and 38:
from light level tuning impossible
Page 39 and 40:
used in the progress of this resear
Page 41 and 42:
are expected to autonomously config
Page 43 and 44:
office, and industrial applications
Page 45 and 46:
Chapter 3 Related Research and Lite
Page 47 and 48:
Although radio frequency is a suppo
Page 49 and 50:
channels with different capabilitie
Page 51 and 52:
In practice, fusion of sensor data
Page 53 and 54:
The emergence of wireless sensor ne
Page 55 and 56:
A is empty f A (x) = 0, x X (3.1)
Page 57 and 58:
Convex combination: the relation Th
Page 59 and 60:
where no crisp boundary can be defi
Page 61 and 62:
developed by Dantzig [87]. The ineq
Page 63 and 64:
sensor network is far more valuable
Page 65 and 66:
Figure 4-1 Mote-FVF algorithm archi
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 4-2 Gaussian correlation cur
Page 69 and 70:
predicted reading. Note that the of
Page 71 and 72:
fuzzification and m for the defuzz
Page 73 and 74:
mote sensors were arranged in a 3-b
Page 75 and 76:
Figure 4-6 Mote-FVF with median val
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 4-8 Comparison of variations
Page 79 and 80:
The daylighting system application
Page 81 and 82:
The key components are the predicti
Page 83 and 84:
Figure 5-3 Prediction performance o
Page 85 and 86:
Figure 5-5 Prediction performance o
Page 87 and 88:
Among them, adaptive Wiener filteri
Page 89 and 90:
even though the sensed environment
Page 91 and 92:
5.3 Simulation and Experiment Resul
Page 93 and 94:
Figure 5-11 Adaptive sensing with d
Page 95 and 96:
Figure 5-13 Damped adaptive sensing
Page 97 and 98:
Chapter 6 Optimal Lighting Actuatio
Page 99 and 100:
of the workplane level illuminance
Page 101 and 102:
office with K luminaires, for examp
Page 103 and 104:
E sub = e pq e rs e xy 1
Page 105 and 106:
optimizer for a consistency check.
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 6-4 Pseudo code of the light
Page 109 and 110:
simulation was to show that the opt
Page 111 and 112:
It is obvious from Figure 6-6 and F
Page 113 and 114:
Chapter 7 Wireless-Enabled Lighting
Page 115 and 116:
determined to be 0-2000 lux. Conseq
Page 117 and 118:
discrete outputs from the motes spa
Page 119 and 120:
actuation technologies, and additio
Page 122 and 123:
Figure 7-8 Voltage divider. Since t
Page 124 and 125:
Given the 256-level dimming capabil
Page 126 and 127:
Figure 7-11 Prototyping Luminaire S
Page 128 and 129:
to its simplicity. Although coded w
Page 130 and 131:
The second experiment was executed
Page 132 and 133:
Chapter 8 System Verification on Hu
Page 134 and 135:
commercial system was randomized fo
Page 136 and 137:
8.2.1 Hardware Implementation in Sm
Page 138 and 139:
eference point on the desktop was s
Page 140 and 141:
commands were received. In addition
Page 142 and 143:
were provided with three wireless p
Page 144 and 145:
(a) Figure 8-6 Sensor placement of
Page 146 and 147:
lower meter readings was that the m
Page 148 and 149:
(2) Subtle and invisible shadows ma
Page 150 and 151:
function keys are. The function key
Page 152 and 153:
deliberately perturbed the lights d
Page 154 and 155:
Table 8-2 Summary of the test on pr
Page 156 and 157:
Current Level on the investigator
Page 158 and 159:
Chapter 9 System Implementation and
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 9-1 Floor plan of the small
Page 162 and 163:
Figure 9-3 System operation diagram
Page 164 and 165:
campus-wide lighting maintenance, w
Page 166 and 167:
message is addressed. The destinati
Page 168 and 169:
Both the actuation and the grouping
Page 170 and 171:
The construction or updating of the
Page 172 and 173:
determines if this message is for u
Page 174 and 175:
Figure 9-12 Lighting preset setting
Page 176 and 177:
Figure 9-13 Average hourly percent
Page 178 and 179:
9.4 Daylight Response The second ph
Page 180 and 181:
Furthermore, the structure allows t
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 9-16 Daylight harvesting tes
Page 184 and 185:
Figure 9-18 Sensor readings in the
Page 186 and 187: then gradually dimmed. After reachi
Page 188 and 189: Figure 9-22 Sensor readings in the
Page 190 and 191: Seven-occupant case with simulated
Page 192 and 193: Figure 9-27 Sensor readings in the
Page 194 and 195: under significant daylight. Again,
Page 196 and 197: newly calculated light settings may
Page 198 and 199: Annual energy consumption = ( Numbe
Page 200 and 201: Figure 9-30 Energy savings vs. payb
Page 202 and 203: have partially contributed to the h
Page 204 and 205: $40 per unit and the system achieve
Page 206 and 207: performance of the current research
Page 208 and 209: sensors. The research in [14] prese
Page 210 and 211: Other than optimizing the energy co
Page 212 and 213: lighting configuration in the offic
Page 214 and 215: communications. The adaptive sensin
Page 216 and 217: integration of the research system
Page 218 and 219: will broaden the application to dif
Page 220 and 221: system could be reallocated to oper
Page 222 and 223: entities could be tremendously crit
Page 224 and 225: [7] J. A. Veitch and G. R. Newsham,
Page 226 and 227: [20] K. A. Karmel, High Performance
Page 228 and 229: [34] P. Levis, S. Madden, J. Polast
Page 230 and 231: International Workshop on Wireless
Page 232 and 233: [57] LonMark International, "Fact S
Page 234 and 235: [71] S. Sahni and X. Xu, "Algorithm
Page 238 and 239: [99] SPOT: Sensor Placement + Optim
Page 240 and 241: [113] Advance Transformer Technical
Page 242 and 243: A.2 Circuit Schematics of Photosens
Page 244 and 245: A.4 Circuit Schematics of the Secon
Page 246 and 247: Appendix B Human Subject Test B.1 C
Page 248 and 249: (a) Sensor placement of subject No.
Page 250 and 251: B.2 Comparison of System Performanc
Page 252 and 253: B.3 Summary of the Responses from t
Page 254 and 255: B.4 Human Subject Test Approval Let
Page 256 and 257: B.5 Human Subject Test Protocol Nar
Page 258 and 259: 241
Page 260 and 261: 243
Page 262 and 263: 245
Page 264 and 265: 247
Page 266 and 267: 249
Page 268 and 269: B.7 Human Subject Test Questionnair
Page 270 and 271: 253
Page 272 and 273: B.8 Human Subject Test Interview Sc
Page 274 and 275: Luminaire surface depreciation: 1.0
Page 276 and 277: Table C-1 Daylight reception durati
Page 278: At the rate of 9.62 cents per kWh a
show all

Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks for Lighting Energy ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?